道家思想英文简介ppt课件.ppt

我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Taoism我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物OK So then what is Taoism?Taoismisbothaphilosophyandareligion.Lao-tzuHenanProvince.我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Taoist Approaches Philosophical/SchoolTaoism ReligiousTaoismTheendofHanDynastyfurtherdevelopmentofSchoolTaoism;onthebasisofit.我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Thereisdebateoverhow,andwhether,Taoismshouldbecategorized.Traditionally,itisdividedintotwocategories:citationneeded1.PhilosophicalTaoism(Daojia,Chinese:道家;pinyin:doji;lit.schoolorfamilyofDao)ThephilosophybasedonthetextsoftheTaoTeChing(orDaodejing,Chinese:道德經;pinyin:dodjng)andtheZhuangzi(Chinese:莊子;pinyin:zhungzi).ThesetextswerelinkedtogetherunderthetermofDaojiaduringtheearlyHanDynasty,butnotablynotbefore.562.ReligiousTaoism(Daojiao,Chinese:道教;pinyin:dojio;lit.teachingsofDao)AfamilyoforganizedreligiousmovementssharingconceptsderivedfromDaojia我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物* Not sure when he died. 604 B.C.E. - ?* His name means “Old Master”* 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Zhuang Zhou* lived around the 4th century BC during the Warring States period* Master Zhuang* 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Texts Tao Te ChingconsideredthemostinfluentialTaoisttextwrittenbyLaozi道可道非常道TheTaothatcanbetoldisnottheeternalTao名可名非常名Thenamethatcanbenamedisnottheeternalname.82我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Zhuangzi acollectionofstoriesandimaginaryconversations. asetofpractices achieveunitywiththedaoandbecomeatrueperson(zhenren). The Butterfly Dream庄周梦蝶我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物HerearethreeofthemajorTaoistconcepts:vTEmeanspower.Thepowerofathingisitsvirtue,itsidentity,itsintegrity.Sotheteofapersonistheirauthenticself,orgenuineness.Teisexpressedthroughhumilityandmeekness(温顺的;顺从的gentleandquiet).vWU-WEIisaconceptinvolvingrelaxingtheconsciousmind.Itseeksthedenialofanythingpersonalandthedissolutionoftheconscious,individualself.Wu-weiisbestillustratedbywater;itissuppleyetstrong,itflowsoverandfillswhatitencounters.Itmeanstosimplyfollowthewayofnature.vPUisatermwhichliterallymeans“unpaintedwood”.PUstressestheimportanceofsimplicityandtheneedtoleavethingsintheirnaturalstate.Oh So then what do Taoists believe?我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物The Three Meanings of Tao Taoisthewayofultimatereality. Taoisthewayoftheuniverse:thenorm,therhythm,thedrivingpowerinallnature,theorderingprinciplebehindalllife. TaoreferstothewayofhumanlifewhenitmesheswiththeTaooftheuniverse.Ultimately,Taoisineffable(cannotbedescribedinwords)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物TheultimaterealityinTaoismistheTao,orWay.Broadlydefined,theTaoisthemysteriousnaturalorderoftheuniverse.Butparadoxically,whatthesageshavemostoftensaidabouttheTaoisthatnothingcanbesaidaboutit.AstheTaoTeChingputsit:ThewaythatcanbespokenofIsnottheconstantWay;ThenamethatcanbenamedIsnottheconstantName.Thenamelesswasatthebeginningofheavenandearth;Thenamedwasthemotherofmyriadcreatures.Hencealwaysridyourselfofdesiresinordertoobserveitssecrets;Butalwaysallowyourselftohavedesiresinordertoobserveitsmanifestations.ThesetwoarethesameButdivergeinnameastheyissueforth.Beingthesametheyarecalledmysteries,Mysteryuponmystery-Thegatewayofthemanifoldsecrets.我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 inChinesethinking,togivesomethinganame(ming)istoassignitaplaceintheuniverse.ThiscannotbedonewiththeTao,asitpervadesandencompassesall. TheTaohasnocharacteristics,yetitisnotnothingness.Infact,itisbetterunderstoodaseverythingness,asitcontainswithinitselfallpotentialcharacteristics.ItencompassesbothBeing(yu)andNon-Being(wu).InitsmodeofbeingUnseen,wewillseeitsmysteries;inthemodeoftheSeen,wewillseeitsboundaries. 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物TheTaoencompassesalloppositeandcomplementaryforces,whicharecollectivelyreferredtoasyinandyang.AsrepresentedinthefamiliarGreatPolaritysymbol,yinandyangareinterdependentandcontainwithinthemselvestheseedoftheother.Yinisassociatedwithdarkness,femininity,passivityandwater,whileyangislight,masculinity,activityandair.YinandyangarealwaysinperfectbalancewithintheTao.ThegoaloftheTaoist,therefore,istokeeptheseoppositesinbalancewithinhisorherownlife.TheTaoisfurthercharacterizedbytzu-jan,whichisdifficulttotranslatedirectlybutisusuallyrenderedspontaneityorself-so.Theself-soisunconditionedanduninfluenced;itisnothingotherthanitself.This,inturn,istheidealofthesage-rulerintheTaoTeChing.Hedoesnotstrive,hedoesnotintervene,butactsinsuchawaythateveryonethroughoutthecountrysays,Ithappenedofitsownaccord(tzu-jan).我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物HerearethreeofthemajorTaoistconcepts:vTEmeanspower。