屈折词缀和派生词缀的区别.ppt

W What are the differences between hat are the differences between inflectionalinflectional and and derivational derivational affixesaffixes? ? 屈折词缀 派生词缀Inflectional AffixesInflectional AffixesAn inflectional affix is one attached to the end of a word to convey grammatical meaning or grammatical relation, such as tense, case, number, comparative or superlative degree, etc.Derivational AffixesDerivational AffixesA derivational affix is one that is added to the beginning or the end of a word in order to create a new word. Derivational affixes can be divided into prefixes and suffixes.Inflectional AffixesInflectional AffixesInflectional AffixesInflectional Affixes：：Derivational AffixesDerivational AffixesDerivational AffixesDerivational Affixes：：-(e)s, indicating plurality of nouns-(e)s, indicating third person singular, present tense -(e)d, indicating past tense for all three persons -ing, indicating progressive aspect-er, indicating comparative degree of adj. and adverbs-est, indicating superlative degree of adj. and adverbs -s, indicating the possessive case of nouns Suffixes: n.: -ance, -ant, -ation v.: -en,-ify, -ize adj.: -able, -ful, -ical, -less adv.: -ly, number: -teen, -ty ......Prefixes: de-, dis-, il-, im-, un-, super-, tele-, re-, pro- ......Difference 1: Inflectional affixes are mostly suffixes while Derivational affixes can be prefixes or suffixes.Exemples: Tell : Tell+ing She is telling the story. Tell+er This is an Automated Teller Machine. Brother:Brother+s I have 2 brothers.Brother+hood I value the brotherhood between us.Difference 2: Inflectional affixes very often only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem（词根）.Derivational affixes often change the lexical meaning.Exemples: Love(v.): Love+ed I loved him when I was young.(v.) Love+er He is a lover of music.(n.) Admire(v.): Admire+s He admires her persistence.(v.)Admir+able Her bravery is admirable.(adj.)Difference 3: Inflectional affixes do not change the Word class（词类） they attach to but Derivational affixes might change the word classExemple: PredictPredict + ed The economists predicted an increase in the rate of inflation last month.un+ predict + able Mr. John is a very unpredictable man.Difference 4: Inflectional affixes are conditioned by nonsemantic linguistic factors outside the word they attach to but within the phrase or sentence but Derivational affixes are more often based on simple meaning distinctions.Inflectional affixDerivational affix 1Inflectional affixes very often only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem.Derivational affixes often change the lexical meaning.2Inflectional affixes do not change the Word class they attach toDerivational affixes might change the word class3Inflectional affixes are conditioned by Nonsemantic linguistic factors outside the word they attach to but within the phrase or sentence.Derivational affixes are more often based on simple meaning distinctions.4Inflectional affixes are mostly suffixes.Derivational affixes can be prefixes or suffixes.是否改变词意是否改变词性受什么影响前/后缀。