2018年考研英语一试题与答案解析（完整版）.pdf

Born to winBorn to win 2018 年考研英语一试题与答案解析（完整版）年考研英语一试题与答案解析（完整版） ——跨考教育英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions：： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and markA, B, C or D on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _____(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _____(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _____(3). _____(4), why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. _____(5) people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that _____(6) pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _____(7) with one another. Swiss Scientists have found that exposure _____(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _____(9): In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _____(10) who inhaled something else. _____(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _____(12) us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _____(13) a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each _____(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What's in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look _____ (15). Half of them found a toy; the other half _____ (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had _____(17) them. Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _____ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _____ (19), only five of the 30 children paired with the “_____(20)“tester participated in a follow-up activity. 1.A．onB．likeC．forD．from 2.A．faithB．concernC．attentionD．interest 3.A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．price 4.A．ThereforeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again 5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．AlthoughD．When 6.A．selectsB．producesC．appliesD．maintains 7.A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compare 8.A．atB．byC．ofD．to 9.A．contextB．moodC．periodD．circle 10.A．counterparts B．substitutesC．colleaguesD．supporters 11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．Ironic 12.A．monitorB．protectC．surpriseD．delight 13.A．betweenB．withinC．towardD．over 14.A．transferredB．addedC．introducedD．entrusted 木仓学社 Born to winBorn to win 15.A．outB．backC．aroundD．inside 16.A．discoveredB．provedC．insistedD．remembered 17.A．betrayedB．wrongedC．fooledD．mocked 18.A．forcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled 19.A．In contrastB．As a resultC．On the wholeD．For instance 20.A．inflexibleB．incapableC．unreliableD．unsuitable 1.【答案】C 【解析】该题选择的是介词，与后面的 many worthwhile things 一块做后置定语 修饰前面的 condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。

而 A 选项 from（来自于） ，C 选项 like（像）D 选项 on（关于）均语义不搭 2.【答案】A 【解析】此处考察语义一致和对上下文辨析的问题该空是做 put 的宾语，通过 前面的 On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _____(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照 看孩子，友谊等)；on the other hand 可以得知该题仍然是在讲述关于主题 trust 的问题，所以只有 faith（信任）最合适而 B 选项 concern（关心，关注） ，C 选项 attention（注意） ，D 选项 interest（兴趣，利益）均不符题意 3.【答案】D 【解析】此处考察词义辨析前文说到 putting your _____in the wrong place often carries a high _____（把……放在错误的地方通常会带来巨大的……） ，可以知道 该空肯定也是填贬义，但肯定不能是 debt 债务这种具体含义，所以只能选 price， 并且 carries a high price 也指付出高昂的代价。

4.【答案】B 【解析】此题考察上下文逻辑关系上一段分析的是信任的利弊，该段所指内容 _____, why do we trust at all? （我们为什么会要信任？）所以采用了递进关系， 进一步说明信任的具体内容只有 D 选项 then(然后，那么)最符合语义搭配而 A 选项 again （再次） 表示强调； B 选项 instead （然而） 表转折； 而 C 选项 therefore （因此）表结果，均不符合 5. 【答案】D 【解析】此处再一次考察逻辑关系该空_____ people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin，a hormone（___人们信任 一个人或者一个机构，大脑都会释放一种荷尔蒙）,只有 when（当……时）符合 上下文语境和逻辑语境 6. 【答案】B 【解析】该题是考察定语从句的动宾搭配问题上一句说当人们产生信任感，大 脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙，a hormone that _____(6) pleasurable feelings 这个 that 就 是定语从句，指这种荷尔蒙能_____令人愉悦的感觉，只能是 produce 最符合语 木仓学社 Born to winBorn to win 境。

7.【答案】C 【解析】考察词义辨析该空所填为动词，并且要求与之后的 with 形成搭配 and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _____with one another. 说明这种荷尔蒙能够引发一种群居本 能，这种本能能让羊群聚在一起，and 的后面的内容也与前面的 flock together 同 义复现所以只有 connect 最符合语境 8. 【答案】D 【解析】该题考察固定搭配与 exposure to 构成固定搭配的关系表示“接触” 9. 【答案】B 【解析】该题考察上下文语义上文中说到这种荷尔蒙会给人带来一种愉悦的情 绪，通过这个结论，可以得出这种荷尔蒙能让人有让人信任的情绪/心绪只有 mood 是最合适的答案 10.【答案】A 【解析】此处仍然是考察上下文语境上文中 In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; 能从下文得知这也是只本句讲另外一 组受试者。

conuterparts 表示对应物，对应的人 11.【答案】B 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系从后文中的 also 可以看出前后一致的关系 前文对于这种天赋都是褒义的色彩，所以答案此时应该是 lucky 12.【答案】B 【解析】同样也是因为 also，说明前后一致关系只能选择 protect. 13.【答案】A 【解析】 考察固定搭配 ACanadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _____ a credible person and a dishonest one. 选则 between 意为： 14 个月大的孩子能在诚实和不诚实的人之间进行区分 14.【答案】C 【解析】 考察搭配 结合原文语境， “Sixty toddlers were each__to adult tester holding a pla。