职业规划外文翻译外文文献英文文献两篇.doc

附：原文一Connecting Students To CareersJohn A Nietupski Techniques [J]．2008，(2)：26-29．The article reports on the Career Connections program which is developed to help highschool students with disabilities identify their career goals, and keep the jobs that match those goals. The program helps the special needs students search for employment opportunities that conforms with their skills and interests. Career Connections is comprised of six program elements which are designed to answer specific question that can guide the student's career path.Key words: College students; Career planningYoung people searching for employment opportunities fresh our ofhigh school know how difficult it can be to find openings that Hetheir skills and interests. It isn't easy successfully competing withother jobseekers for those all too rare positions that pay a goodwage, have reasonable hours, and offer employer benefits andprospects for advancement. This is a daunting undertaking for many individu-als—and even more so for a young person who happens to have a disability.According to the United States Chamber of Commerce, the unemploymentrate for individuals with disabilities is a staggering 62 percent. The GramWood Area Education Agency (GWAEA), an intermediate agency that serves33 east central Iowa school districts, began working in 2000 to determine why young people with disabilities were having a difficult time transitioning fromhigh school to the world of work.GWAEA was particularly disturbed by its follow-up survey findings whichshowed that students in the middle range of the severity continuum werestruggling to find and keep good jobs. More than 40 percent of graduatesserved in what were called Self-Contained with Integration programs andwere unemployed, and more than 20 percent only worked pan time within 18months of leaving high school. The agency determined that one explanationfor the numbers is the fact chat students had insufficient career explorationand work experiences in high school. As a result, most graduated with no realidea of what they wanted to do. Compounding the problem was the iact thatmany students either did not seek or did not qualify for adult services thatmight have helped them enter a career that matched their talents and interests.Career ConnectionsCareer Connections was created to help high school students with disabilitiesidentify career goals and then find, learn and keep jobs that match those goals.Founded in 2001 with grants from the U.S, Department of Education's Officeof Special Education Programs, Career Connections is a collaborative effortinvolving students, families, school staff. GWAEA and community rehabilita-tion agencies such as Goodwill Industries of the Heartland and AdvancementServices of Jones County, The program has expanded to serve 60 to 70 stu-dents annually from 21 Iowa high schools, with districts paying for programservices. The progratn was developed on the premise that students withdisabilities need extra training and support to be successful in the workforce.It has six program elements, each designed to answer a specific question that will help guide the student's career path.Career Connections'Program Element Question Addressed by ElementEstablish a Relationship withand Get to Kno\A/ the Student:• Record review• Teacher, parent, student interviews• School-community observations• Career interest inventoriesWhat are the student's career dreams,general skill levels and areas in need oftraining and support?Person-centered CareerPlanning Sessions:• Team of student's choosing• Review work history, skills and interests• Identify ideal job elements andoccupations to investigate• Identify barriers to an ideal job• Next steps and action planning• What career options should beexplored?• What are must-have and must-avoidelements of student's ideal job?• What is our plan for helping studentsobtain their ideal job?• Who can help implement the plan?Fifth-Year CommunityWork Exploration:• Job shadows• Short-term work experiences and tryouts• Six to eight weeks of work experiences• What career area is of greatest interestto the student?• What are the student's support ortraining needs?Fifth-Year Internships:• Six- to 12-week paid internships• Coaching or co-worker supportdevelopment• Internship meets student career goals?• Is student qualified for suchemployment or is another internshipwarranted?• Will employer hire or provide a referral?Additional Skill Trainingand Support as Needed:• Community college coursework• Resume, job application and interviewskill training• Transportation training• Behavioral and social skill teachingand support• Community service linkage• What related skills or services does thestudent need for employment success?Paid Employment and Program Exit:• Convert internship into paid employmentor develop job that matches career goal• Provide tr。