四大发明英文PPT.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Four Great Inventions,great contributions of the Chinese people,to the worlds civilizations,Paper,Printing,Gunpowder,Compass,The earliest,Chinese characters,were inscribed on,bones,tortoise shells,and,bronze wares,in the Shang Dynasty and later,written,on,silk,bamboo,and,wood,.The earliest Chinese books were made from,flat strips of bamboo or wood,inscribed and then threaded together.,They were heavy and bulky,inconvenient for reading and carrying.,China was the first country in the world to make proper paper.Paper made during the Western Han Dynasty(202 BC-16 AD)has been found in Gansu Province,Xian and other places in Shaanxi Province as well as Xinjiang.A further development of paper is credited to,Cai Lun,of the Eastern Han(25-220).He used plant fiber such as tree bark,bits of rope,rags and worn-out fishing nets as raw materials.In 105,Cai presented the first batch of paper made under his supervision to the Han emperor,who was so delighted that he named the material,Marquis Cais paper,.,The importance of the invention of paper can hardly be exaggerated.It gave a great impetus to cultural progress not only in China but throughout the world.,Seals(relief&intaglio),Block printing,The first method of printing in China was the sealsin relief or intaglio.,Then,in the 6,th,century block printing was invented by combining the two methods used for seals and stone rubbings.,By the end of the 11,th,century,On the basis of printing using carved blocks in the Tang Dynasty,a man called,Bi Sheng,of the Northern Song Dynasty invented movable type printing in the 1040s.,Bis printing consisted of,four processes,:,making the types,composing the text,printing and,retrieving the movable types,.,Economical and convenient,the use of these types brought about a revolution in printing.In the mid-eighth century,printing began to be introduced into Korea and Japan in the East and Egypt and Europe in the West,playing a great role in the cultural development of the world.,The first to record the method of making gunpowder was Sun Simiao,a well known pharmacologist(,药理学家）,of the Tang Dynasty,who also tried to make“pills of immortality”.,Gunpowder,In fact,the discovery of gunpowder is a result of alchemy accident.,.,Tang,used for rock-blasting and,military purposes.,Song,invention of cannon,Yuan,Spread to Arabic countries and,many other countries.,Later,chemists and alchemists found the mixture of some material was explosive.,There 3 kinds of compass:,Primitive compass,Pointing-to-the-South-Fish,（指南鱼）,Mariners compass,Compass,Primitive compass,It is in the shape of a spoon cut from an natural,magnetite(,磁铁,).,Pointing-to-the-South-Fish,It is a piece of thin iron sheet cut into the shape of a fish,magnetized in a geomagnetic field and put into water,floating and lying north-to-south,-this was the earliest compass.,Mariners compass,In the Northern Song Dynasty the mariners compass was invented.,It was made by putting a magnetic needles on a wooden disk called,luopan.,With the invention of compass,people are no longer determine direction by the position of the sun in the day-time and the stars at night.,After the invention of compass,people are no longer determine direction by the position of the sun in the day-time and the stars at night.,东汉蔡伦造纸术，变废为宝不简单。

北宋毕昇虽贫寒，发明活字替雕版指南工具传播远，世界格局大改变火药火器威力大，改造世界建家园中华儿女多智慧，四大发明广流传牢记历史勤努力，伟大民族定复兴Thank You!,。