平原博物馆语料库.pdf

牧野华章第一厅No.1 Historical Beauty of Muye 新乡历史文物Historical Relics Exhibition of Xinxiang 新乡，大河环带、太行屏列，中土名区，历史悠久从新石器时期开始，史前之共工所居，商之牧野，两周之鄘、卫，汉唐之族群辐辏（có u）,宋元明清之风流际会地下文物与地上遗迹灿若群星，辉映千古，谱写出绵绵不绝的中国古代文化发展史Xinxiang, lying between in the Yellow River and Taihang Mountain, is a well-known place with a long history in China dating from Neolithic period. Xinxiang was the place where Gonggong, God of Water, lived in prehistory, Muye in the Shang Dynasty, Yong and Wei respectively in the Western and Eastern Zhou, the place where different ethic groups gathered in the Han and Tang Dynasty and the place where Chinese traditional cultures flourished in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty. 1. 原始社会时期Primitive Society Period 璀璨的牧野文化从远古走来，历经万年而不息。

绵延不绝的裴李岗文化、仰韶文化、 龙山文化，是牧野地区史前文物发展的脉络，远古先民从这里起步，走向文明的殿堂The splendid Muye culture originating from ancient times has been demonstrating its lasting appeal for thousands of years, Peiligang Culture, Yangshao Culture, and Longshan Culture form the development skeleton of pre-historical culture in Muye district, it is right from here that ancient ancestors walked into the palace of civilization. (1). 裴李岗文化时期Peiligang culture period 新乡地处豫北平原，南临黄河， 北依太行， 是古人类生活的理想之地早在旧石器时代晚期，已经有人类活动的迹象距今约 8000 年前，辉县孟庄就有了属新石器时代早期的人类聚落。

在这里发现的文化遗存表明，牧野地区古文明与中原地区古代文明同步发展Xinxiang lies in the northern plain of Henan Province, on the north of the Yellow River and the south of Taihang Mountain, and became an ideal place for ancient humans to live. There have been signs of human activities here at the late period of Paleolithic age. About 8,000 years ago, early human settlement belonging to the Neolithic age appeared in Mengzhuang Village of Huixian County. The cultural remains found here shows that ancient civilization in Muye district was in synchronous development with that in the Central Plains. (2). 仰韶文化时期Yangshao Culture Period 新石器时代晚期，牧野地区文化发展为仰韶文化，距今6000～ 5000 年。

新乡洛丝潭、丁固城，辉县孟庄，长垣浮丘店等遗址，揭示了早期农业社会先民活动的足迹At late period of Neolithic age, the culture in Muye district came into the period of Yangshao Culture. The relics in Xinxiang dating back to 5000~6000 years ago—Luositang, Dinggucheng, Mengzhuan Village of Huixian, Luoqiudian of Changyuan—revealed the track of ancestors’activities in early agricultural society. (3). 龙山文化时期Longshan Culture Period 龙山文化时期， 距今 5000～4000 年牧野地区发现的龙山文化遗址达30 余处城址的出现，水井技术的广泛运用，大量石制农耕工具的使用，开启了牧野地区文明化进程的新篇章5000～4000 years ago began Longshan Culture period. Longshan cultural relics were found in more than 30 places of Muye district. The appearance of town site, wide application of water technology, and implementation of stone farming tools in large quantities opened a new chapter for civilization process in Muye district. 2.夏、商、周时期Xia. Shang and Zhou Dynaties 历史进入文明的 “轴心时代” ——中国的夏商周时期，作为先商部族的发源地、商王朝的京畿之地、西周共国、春秋卫地、战国韩、赵、魏犬牙交错之地，牧野地区是我国最早进入文明时代的地区之一，辉县孟庄遗址三叠城、凤泉区潞王坟商代遗址、辉县共城故城、 辉县琉璃阁商周墓地、辉县固围村战国魏王宣墓等数不清的物证折射出文明的辉煌。

The history came into Axis Age of Chinese civilization in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Being the womb of pre-Shang tribes environs of Shang Dynasty’ s capital also Song State in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Wei State in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the place where Han, Zhao and Wei states interdigitated with each other in the Warring States Period . Muye district was among the first to inter into age of civilization. Three-layer stack at Huixian Mengzhuang relics, Shang Luwang Tomb relics, Gongcheng ruins, Shang and Zhou cemetery at Huixian Liulige Wei Royal Tomb of Warring States Period at Guwei Village and other numerous evidences demonstrated the glory of civilization.(1). 文明的序幕——夏商时期Prelude to Civilization —Xia and Shang Dynasties 考古发现证明， 夏朝时， 先商部族就活跃在牧野大地上。

鸣条之役， 商汤革夏建立商王朝之后，牧野地区处于早商郑州和晚商安阳的中间地带，是商王室统治中心区域新乡杨岗、 马小营、高湾，获嘉东张巨、同盟山，辉县褚邱、琉璃阁、丰城、固围村，原阳固堆等地，商代文化遗迹十分可观Archaeological discoveries have proved there had been pre-Shang tribe active on the land of Muye in Xia Dynasty, in place of Xia; Muye district, an intermediate zone between Zhengzhou, capital of early Shang and Yuanyang, capital of late Shang, was a central region under Shang Royal’ s control. At Yanggang, Maxiaoying and Gaowan in Xinxiang County, Dongzhangju and Tongmengshan in Huixian County, Gudui in Yuanyang County and so on, cultural remains of Shang Dynasty are quite considerate. (2). 礼乐文化——两周 时期Ritual and Music Culture—The Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties 牧野之战， 周武王灭商朝， 建立了天下共主的西周统一王朝，按照宗法等级制定了严格的礼乐文化制度，对中国传统文化影响深远。

西周初年，牧野地区属于卫地，西拥有共国春秋战国时期， 王室衰微， 礼崩乐坏， 这里成为列国逐鹿争霸的主要战场牧野地区以其博大之胸怀，创造了灿烂的两国文明After King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang Dynasty in Muye Battle and established the Western Zhou Dynasty, a united one with him as the only master, he formulated strict ritual and music system according to patriarchal level, which had a profound influence on Chinese traditional culture. At the beginning of Western Zhou Dynasty, Muye district belonged to Wei, neighboring Gong State on the west. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period witnessed waned Zhou Dynasty ’ s influence and the decli。