初中英语词语辨析精华版.doc

初中中考英语常见词语辨析1. after/ in / later都有"……之后"的意思,区别在于：Ⅰ.in是介词,用来表示从现在算起的"过一段时间以后",常于将来时态的肯定句中,一般与go, come, start, arrive, return < be back>, finish等表示瞬间动作的终止性动词连用如：I’ll come and see you in two days. 两天之后我再来看你Ⅱ.after是介词,用来表示在某一具体时间或某一具体事件以后,谓语动词可用于过去时,也可用将来时如：① He will arrive after four o’clock. 他将在四点以后到达② She said she would be back after five o’clock. [注] 此情况下时间名词应为点时间after 还可以表示从过去某时起若干时间之后,谓语动词用过去时,不能用将来时如：Lucy started after two days. [注] 此时应为段时间名词Ⅲ.later是副词,不能用于从讲话时刻算起的若干时间之后,要根据上下文推断从何时起至何时之后如：① I shall call on Mr Li on May 1st and shall call again about a week later. 五月一日我将拜访李先生,大约一星期之后我再来拜访。

② I shall call again later.[注] later只能放在段时间名词之后2.among/ between/ in the middle ofⅠ. among "在……之中/中间" 指三者或三者以上通常表某个范围如：① Someone is wrong among us. 我们中间有人错了② There is a small village among the mountains. 大山之间有座小村庄Ⅱ. between "在…之间"指在二者之间,表示双方之间的关系,不论双方的数目是多少,有时与and 连用如：① There is a river between us. 在我们两人之间有一条河② I’m standing between a house and a big tree. 我站在一座房子和一棵大树中间Ⅲ. in the middle of "在……中间"指在某事物中间,强调事物的两端的中间如：There is a bus stop in the middle of the road. 在这条公路中间有个车站 ..........................................................................3.animal/ beastⅠ. animal "动物" 是区别于植物而言,是动物的总称,通常指兽、鸟、虫、鱼等。

如：① It’s an animal of monkey kind. 这是一种属于猴类的动物② The animal is hungry. 这个动物饿了Ⅱ. beast "四足动物"通常指不包括爬行动物的较大的四足动物如：① The camel is a beast of burden. 骆驼是负重的动物② The tiger is a beast of prey. 老虎是猛兽4.another/ other/ moreⅠ. 名词前表示具有增加意义的"还、再",一般用 more 和 another. another置于数词前,而more,other置于数词后other具有"不同"之意保留它本意"别的"如：① one more thing, one other thing, another thing都表示"还有一件事"之意,如：② I want three more / other books. = I want another three books.我还要三本书③ I stayed there three more days. = I stayed there another three days. 我在那儿又呆了三天。

〔这里不用other, 因day与day没有不同之意④ We need three more / another three hands to do the job.我们还需要三个人做这项工作 〔这里不用other , 因不强调人与人的不同⑤ He works on the Great Green Wall with many other people. 他与别的许多人一块在绿色长城上工作〔 other 没有增加之意,表除自己以外的别的人5.another/ the other/ other/ others/ the othersⅠ. another 指不定数目中的"另一个、又一个" 〔三个以上用来代替或修饰可数名词如：I don’t think the coat is good enough. Can you show me another?Ⅱ. other 泛指"其余的,别的,另外的"修饰复数名词如：We study Chinese, maths, English and other subjects.Ⅲ. others 泛指"另外的人或物", 但不指其余的人或物的全部如：Some like swimming, others like boating.Ⅳ. the other 指两个中的"另一个",one…,the other…如：He has two sons, one is in Shanghai, the other is in Beijing.Ⅴ. the others 特指某一范围内的"其余全部的人或物"如：There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are mine, the others are my father’s...........................................................................6.不定代词one…the other…, one…another…, one…the others…, some…others…, some…the others…和one after another,在用法上有如下特点：1表示两件东西或两个人中"一个…另一个…"这一意思时,用one…the other…。

如图所示：○●onethe otherThere are two books on the desk. One is Lily’s, the other is Lucy’s.课桌上有两本书,一本是莉莉的,另一本是露茜的2表示不定数目中的"一个"与"另一个",用one…another…如图所示：○○○●○○oneanotherI don’t like this one, show me another, please.我不要这个,请拿另一个给我看3强调确定数目中的"一个"与"其余的",用one…the others…如图所示：○●●●●●●onethe othersOf the six students, one is going home, the others are going to the cinema.六个学生中,一个将要回家,其余<五个人>要去看电影4表示许多人或物中的"一部分"和"另一部分<并非全部>",用some…others…如图所示：○○○○●●●●●○○○○○○someothersThere are lots of people in the park on Sunday. Some are walking and others are climbing the hills.星期日公园里有许多人,有的在散步,有的在爬山。

5表示许多人或物中的"一部分""其余的全部分",用some…the others如图所示：○○○○…●●●●●somethe othersThe students of Class Two are working on the hill. Some are carrying water, some are digging, the others are planting trees.二班的学生正在山上劳动,一些人在提水,一些在挖坑,其余的在植树6表示"一个接一个地",用one after anotherThe students came one after another.同学们一个接一个地来了7.answer/ replyⅠ. answer "回答、响应、答复、接听"是最普通的用语,包括用口头、书面或行动回答多作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词如：① He answered my question.② It is a difficult question to answer. 这是一个难以回答的问题③ Please answer my letter as soon as possible. ④ They left a boy to answer the bell. 他们留下一个孩子应门。

Ⅱ.reply "回答、答复" 但比answer 正式些它指用口头或书面回答严格地讲,是指有针对性地详细地回答 它也指用行动回答 reply 常用作不及物动词,回答某人或某事后接to; 当它与直接引语或从句连用时,才用作及物动词如：① I didn’t reply to him.我没有答复他② He replied that he might go. 他回答说他可能去 ..........................................................................8.any/ either二者所指的相关名词或代词的数量不同Ⅰ. any 指二个以上的"任意一个"人/物如：When can you go with me to the city? Any day of this week will do. 什么时候你能陪我去城里？ 这个星期的哪天都行Ⅱ. either 一般指两个中的"任意一个"且其后不能接不可数名词如：Can you come on Friday or Saturday? Either will do .你能在星期五还是星期六来吗？ 哪天都行。