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祈使句的用法讲解.doc

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    • 祈使句1、概述祈使句(imperative sentence)表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词用原形主语you通常省略,句末用叹号或句号Knock at the door before entering, please.进来时请敲门!(建议)Try some of this juice---perhaps you’ll take it.尝点这种果汁,也许你会要建议)Look out! There is a train coming.注意!火车来了!(提醒)Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. 请穿结实的鞋子,因为我们要走许多的路叮嘱)At the beginning, collect as many stamps as you can. 开始时,尽可能多多地收集邮票建议)Leave her where she is ! 让她留在原地!(命令)Put your coat at once. We must hurry.立刻穿上衣服我们必须快点命令)Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.如果你能,来献血吧,这会挽救很多人的生命。

      号召)2、祈使句的另外表达方式(1)“No+名词或动名词” 表示祈使句“No+名词或动名词”结构表示禁止的祈使,一般用于指示、标牌、布告等No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No spitting!不准随地吐痰!No litter! 不准乱扔果皮纸屑! No entry!不许入内!No thoroughfare!禁止通行! No scribbling on the wall!墙上不准涂写!No admittance except on business!非公莫入!(2)“have done…”结构表示祈使句这种结构相当于stop doing, 意为“禁止”有时表示“结束、停止” Have done scolding him. 不要再责备他了Have done!住手!Have done running!跑完了!(别跑了!)(3)“be+ V-ed”结构表示祈使句Be guided by reason!理智些! Be seated! 请坐!Be persuaded by your father! 听你父亲的话! Be gone! 滚!(4)“be+ V-ing” 结构表示祈使句Don’t be looking out of the window! 勿将头伸出窗外!Do be doing your homework when I come in.我进来时,你一定在做作业吧!(5)无动词祈使句一般来讲,祈使句都要有动词,但是有些用于口号、告示等的祈使句却是没有动词。

      主要有:名词短语;介词短语;名词+代词/副词/形容词;形容词+名词/代词;副词+with等Don’t all speak at once! One at a time, please.不要一起说,一次一个!One more week, and we’ll accomplish the task.再给我一星期,我就会完成任务Patience! 耐心点! Your turn. 轮到您了 After you! 您先请!Now for it! 干起来吧!On with your cap. 带上帽子Danger!危险!Poison!有毒! Over! 完毕! Bottom up!干杯!None of that again! 不要在那样! None of your nonsense!不要胡说八道!Hand up!举起手来! Hands off!无动手!Off with it!把它拿下来! Up with the box!把箱子放下! Eyes left!向右看齐! None of your impudence!休要无理!None of your little trick! 不要再玩鬼把戏!(6)let祈使句① Let’s祈使句let’s引导的祈使句,包括听话者本人在内,表示建议,反意问句用shall we。

      相当于I (We) suggest that you and I(we)…Let’s begin, shall we?我们开始好吗?Let’s go home.我们回家吧!② Let me(us, him, her, it, them) 祈使句该结构引导的祈使句表示请求对方允许自己干某事,不包括对方(you)在内,let相当于allow,意为please allow us…或you allow us ,反意问句要用will youLet all the children be well educated!让所有的孩子都得到良好的教育Let him go where he might, I don’t care.他想上那就让他去,我不管!Let us know your name, will you?让我们知道你的名字好吗?③ let祈使句否定let 祈使句的否定可以为let’s not/let me(us) not或Don’t let’s/ let me(us)但let him等第三人称否定式为Don’t let him其他人称亦可用Don’t letDon’t let her disturb you!别让她妨碍我!Let’s not be in such a hurry!让我们别这样急!④ let祈使句强调let祈使句强调的强调式为Do let’s或Do let us。

      Do let her go!一定让她走!Do let’s go climbing.我们一定去爬山!⑤ Let there be 结构No + v-ing其时句常用let there be 代替No parking here.= Let there be no parking here. 不准在此停车!(7)“why not+动词原形”等结构表示祈使概念“why not+动词原形”;“why +动词原形” “you’d better/best+do sth.”等结构可以表示祈使概念,用来表达方式,提出委婉建议,指责,反问等I usually go there by train.我通常坐火车去?-Why not try going by boat for a change?怎么不坐船换换口味You’d better go to school early tomorrow. 明天你最好早点去上学Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Susan,去和你姐姐扫院子Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing. 为什么叫我去?John坐在那闲着。

      3、祈使句可以用被动形式Don’t be cheated by what he said.不要被他说的话所欺骗Don’t be forced to do that again.不要再被胁迫做那种事了4、祈使句的主语祈使句的主语多为不言而喻的you,一般不出现但若是要强调主语;或表示急躁、厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩;表示向谁请求或发出命令,祈使句可有主语,除you外可以用不代词one, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone或名词① 当说话人强调主语或上级对下级,长者对年青人或小孩讲话时Alice, you feed the bird today, will you?爱丽丝,你去喂鸟好吗?-Yes. But I fed it yesterday.好,但我昨天喂了You take care when you cross the road.你过马路时要小心You speak first.你先讲Tom, listen to me.汤姆,听我说You be careful.你要仔细点John, open the door!约翰,去开门!② 当说话人有急躁、厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩Come here, you! 你,过来!(放句尾,表示轻视、傲视)You do it right away.你立刻做这件事You mind your own business, and leave this to me.你别管闭事,把此事留给我好了。

      ③ 当说话人必须指明不同的事要求不同的人去做时You clean the windows,and you(another man)mop the floor.你擦窗户,你(指另一个人)拖地板You go over there and sit next to Tom,while he and I stay here.你到那里坐在汤姆旁边,我和他留在这里④ 当祈使句的主语是someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等泛指第三人称时Someone call a taxi.你去叫车!(相当于You,不用calls)Someone open that window.来个人把那扇窗户打开Everybody be here at7:30. 大家7:30到这里⑤ 当祈使句谓语部分有副词up,down,in,out,off,away等,且这些副词置于句首时In you jump! 你跳进去吧!Out you come.请你出来⑥ 当祈使句以Don't开头又要加重语气时Don’t you dare to cause any more trouble.你敢再捣乱Don’t you be late again next time.你下次不要再来晚了。

      5、祈使句的否定祈使句的否定结构一般是在谓语动词前加do not或用don't(口语中),有时也可用never,若祈使句有主语,否定词用don’t或never要置于主语之前,不可用do not—Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to…对不起,Joe我不是故意要……—Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and don’t you forget it! 不要叫我Joe我是Parker先生,不要忘了Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. 除非老师叫你动,否则就不要动任何东西Don't reach sideways while standing on a ladder.站在梯子上的时候,不要侧身子伸手去拿东西Don’t anyone make noise!都别说话了!Don’t you ever forget it!(不能说Do not you…)别忘了Don’t you believe it.决不要相信他Never be late again.别再迟到了6、肯定祈使句的强调肯定祈使句可用助动词do加强语气,常译为“务必、一定要”。

      Do save me!天那!(救救我吧)Do come in.请进Do be careful when crossing the street.过马路时务必小心Do give my regards to your parents.请务必代我向你的父母问好7、“祈使。

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