2022年人教版高中英语必修语法知识点总结2.docx

高中必修一到必修五主要语法点必修一：直接引语和间接引语〔宾语从句 〕；现在进行时表将来；定语从句必修二：定语从句 〔非限定定从、定从中的介词前提〕；被动语态 〔一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态〕必修三：情态动词；名词性从句〔主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句〕必修四：主谓一样；非谓语动词〔V-ing〕 ；构词法必修 2 第一单元 ,非限制性定语从句的其次单元 一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元现在进行时的主被动第五单元 介词 +which/whom 的用法必修 3 一二单元 情态动词的用法三单元 宾语从句和表语从句四单元 主语从句五单元 同位语从句必修 4 第一单元 主谓一样 其次单 v-ing 作主语和宾语的用法第三单元 v-ing 作表语 ,定语和宾语补足语第四单元v-ing 作状语 第五单元 构词法必修 5 第一单元 过去分词作定语和表语其次单元 过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元 过去分词作状语第四单元倒装句 第五单元 省略句必修一各单元学问点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1. go through 经受,经受 get through 通过；完成；接通2. set down 登记,放下3. a series of 一系列4 on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参与（某个活动）； take part in 参与（活动）join 加入（组织,团队,并成为其中一员）10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of⋯对⋯ 感到厌倦13. be concerned about关怀14. get on/along well with 与⋯相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 善于于⋯16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事是 ⋯1517. no longer / not ⋯ any longer 不再⋯18. too much 太多（后接不行数 n.） much too 太⋯〔后接 adj.〕19. not⋯until 直到⋯ 才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做⋯ 并不高兴21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为 ⋯ make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法 直接引语和间接引语概 念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话；一般前后要加引号；间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话；间接引语在多数情形下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号；例： Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.变化规章（一）陈述句的变化规章直接引语假如是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词 that（可省略）引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化；人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要懂得句子的意思例： 1. He said,“I like it very much. ”→ He said that he liked it very much.2. He said to me,“ Iv’left my book in your room. ”→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.时态的变化直接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时一般将来时过去完成时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去完成时例：“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary”, said Anne.→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary. The boy said,“I’m using a knife.”→ The boy said that he was using a knife.▲留意：假如直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如：He said, “Light travels much faster than sound”. He said that light travels much faster than sound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语this间接引语thatthesenowthosethenagotoday yesterdaybefore/earlierthat daythe day beforetomorrowthe day after tomorrow comeherethe next/following dayIn two day’s time gotherethe day before yesterdaytwo days before/earlier〔二〕 祈使句的变化规章假如直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带 to 的不定式,并依据句子意思在不定式前加上 tell/ask/order 等动词,假如祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面仍要加上 not；例： The hostess said to us“,Please sit down”.→ The hostess asked us to sit down.He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys”.→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.（三）疑问句的变化规章假如直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号；一般疑问句：假如直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是 say或 said 时,要改为 ask或 asked原, 问句变为由 if/whether 引导的宾语从句；例 :“Do you think a diary can become your friend.”the writer says.→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2〕 特殊疑问句：假如间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原先的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句；例：“ What do you want.”he asked me.→ He asked me what I wantedUnit two English around the world一、重点短语1. be different from 与⋯不同be the same as与⋯ 一样2. one another 相互,彼此（ =each other）3. official language 官方语言4. at the end of 在⋯终止时5. because of 由于（后接名词或名词性短语） because由于（后接句子）6. native speakers说母语的人7. be based on依据,依据8. at present 目前；当今9. especially 特殊,特殊specially 特地地10. make use of 利用⋯make the best of 充分利用 ⋯11. a large number of 大量的,许多（作主语,谓语动词用复数） the number of ⋯的数量（作主语,谓语动词用单数）12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上13. believe it or not 信不信由你14. there is no such thing a⋯s 没有这样的事 ⋯15. be expected to⋯ 被期望做某事16. play a part/role in ⋯ 在⋯起作用17. make lists of⋯列清单18. included 包括（前面接包括的对象）Including 包括（后接包括的对象）19. command sb. to do sth.命令某人去做某事command + that 从句（从句用 should+V 原）20. request sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事request + that 从句〔从句用 should+V 原〕二、语法 ----英语中的命令（ command）语气和恳求 〔request〕语气命令语气 ：表示直接命令某人做某事,语气比较重,不怎么礼貌,一般用于上级对下级例： 1. “Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.2. Open the window.恳求语气 ：表示恳求某人做某事,语气比较缓和,特别礼貌例： 1. “Would you like to see my flat.”She asked.2. Would you please open the window.Unit 3 Travel journal一、重点短语1. travel 泛指旅行journey 指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage 指长距离的水上旅行,也可以指乘飞机旅行trip 常指短时间短距离的旅行tour 指周游,巡回旅行,2. prefer to 更加喜爱,宁愿prefer A to B 比起 B,更喜爱 Aprefer doing to doing 比起做⋯,宁愿做 ⋯prefer to do rather than do 与其做⋯, 不如⋯3. flow through 流过,流经4. ever since 自从5. persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事6. be fond of 喜爱7. insist on doing 坚持做某事insist + that 从句（用 should+ V 原）8. care about 关怀9. change one’s mind 转变想法10. altitude 高度attitude 态度,看法11. make up one’s mind to do 下定决心做某事= decide to do = make a decision to do12. give in 让步,屈服give up 舍弃13. be surprised to⋯ 对⋯感到诧异to one’s surprise 令某人诧异的是 ⋯14. at last = finally = in the end 最终15. stop to do 停下来去做某事stop doing 停止做某事16. as usual 像平常一样17. so⋯ that 如此⋯ 以至于⋯ So + adj + a。