比较级及比较句型讲义.doc

比较级及比较句型•基本特征1. 形容词和副词比较级的形式应和比较连词对应出现，即应符合原级比较及比较级的 结构如：---Do you enjoy liste ning to records---1 find records are often as good as, or better than an actual performanee.2. 比较的成分应属于同类事物或同类概念女口：Young readers, more ofte n tha n not, find the no vels of Dicke ns far moreexciting than Thackeray' s.----Thackeray ' s novels3. 比较级的修饰语如 a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much,rather，还有表示倍数比较的词等，他们的位置是：修饰语 +as…as…,或修饰语+more…than …如：Smok ing is so harmful to pers onal health that it kills seve n times morepeople each year than automobile accidents.“ Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting ” “ No, I wouldgladly have paid twice as much for it. ”4. 下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念：inferior , minor, senior , prior , prefer to , superior , major, junior , preferable , differ from , compared with , in comparison with , different from , rather than 。

如：Their watch is superior to all the other watches on the market.二•基本用法1. 同级比较A.基本形式“as +原级+as” 结构eg. He ' s as tall as I.B. 否定的同级比较常用 not as…as或not so …aseg. He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.C. 变体1) as + much/ma ny + 名词 + asThere are as many students in Class 3 as in Class 4.2) as + 形原级+ a + 名词+asHe is as clever a boy as his brother.3) as + 形+不可数名词+ as4) 名词复数+as +形+ asI used to have some dolls as lovely as yours.5) the same as/ be similar to2.比较级A. 基本结构“比较级+than ”结构He is taller than I (am tall).She sees me more often than she sees her brother.B. 变体1)形比较级+名+ thanHe is a cleverer boy tha n his brother.2) 名+形比较级+ thanHe is a boy cleverer tha n his brother.3) the + 形比较级 + of + the two4) superior/ in ferior to3.最咼级A. 常用“the +最高级+比较范围”eg. This is the best picture in the hall.He sings the best in the class.B. 变体1) more …tha n any other2) Not…+比较等级三.值得注意的比较级句型1.比较级的特殊用法1)the+比较级，the+比较级此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为 越 就越 ”，女口：The better I knew him, the more I liked him.The more difficult the questionsare, the less likely I ' II be able to answer them.该结构一共有三条规则：1) . the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格2) . the more 后面的谓语如果是be动词的话，可以省略3) .第二个the more后面可以使用倒装，而第一个后面却不行the more, the more其实是原因状语从句，前面是原因(从句)，后面是结果(主句)，倒装句中必须是主句倒装，从句绝对不能够倒装。

例 1: The stronger __ magnet, the greater the number of lines of magnetic force.(A) of (B) the (C) is the (D) is of the分析：本题显然考查” the more …the more结构，the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格，因此只能选择 B例 2: The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body ofa runner, to the body.(A) the stress it is greater (B) greater is the stress (C) greater stress is (D) the greater the stress分析：正确答案为D此题考the more …the 句(型e只有D符合这一句型的要求，故选Dthe greater the stress it yields to the body2) the+ 比较级 +of the two :He is the taller of the two.She was the more promis ing worker of the two.3) 比较级+and+比较级此句型表示 越来越…”，如:Things are gett ing better and better every day.It ' s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.2. as…as…的特殊用法1) • as…as...句型可以用来比较两个不同事物或人的两个不同特征，表示两个事 物的状况处于同等程度或两个事物之间具有连带关系。

S1 + V1 + as + adj. 1+ S2+V2+adj.2He was as experie need as his brother was gree n他经验丰富，而他弟弟初出茅庐She is as kind as her brother is hon est .The pris ons are as over — crowded as the farmla nds are empty .监狱里人满为患，而农田却无人耕种(两者程度相等，但是状况截然不同，以突出两者的对比）2) . as.. . as...句型还可以用来比较一个事物或一个人的两个不同的特征，表示两个特征同时存在，具有both . . . and ...的含义S +V+as + adj. 1+ as +adj.2S+V+as +n .1+as +n.2The Ian dlord was as greedy as cruelThe problems are as nu merous as trivial .It is as your fault as your wife 's .3) . as . . . as . . . can be, as . . . as any (anything ), as . . . as ever lived :表 示某事达到了无以复加的程度，最，极其。

They are as unreliable as they can be .He is as great a mathematicia n as any (as ever lived ).My sister is as gree n as gree n can be .He prete nds to be as modest as anything4) as likely as not该结构并无否定含义，表示很可能之意，而且语气强烈例如：He will forget all about it as likely as not类似的用法还有： as often as not ，more often than not ，表示经常、往往之意、3 . not so much . . . as ...:这个句型用以肯定as后面的内容，而在一定程度上否定as前面的内容，表示“与其说还不如说Experie nee shows that success is not so much due to ability as to passi on---- not so much due to_ability_ as (due) to passion I was attracted not so much by the plot of the story as by the actor ' sexcellent performanee .4. (1) As C is to D , so is A to B这个句型表示A与B之间的关系就像X与丫之间的关系，以人们所熟知的两个事物之 间的关系说明一个不被熟知或被忽视的两事物之间的关系，是一种类比： A对于B,犹如X对于丫。

例如：As the house is to the man ，so is the nest to the bird .As food is to the body , so is reading to the mind(2)A is to B what C is to DThe people is to the Party ' s army what water is to fish.Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.5. more than与less than 的相关特殊用法1) more A than B :表示与 not so much ... as类似的含义，肯定的是 A,而在一定程度上否定 B “与其说是B,还不如说是A” oHe is more brave tha n wise .The child was more frighte ned tha n hurtMany patie nts die more of worry than of can cer when they get to knowthe truth。