老兵不死——麦克阿瑟1951年4月19日被解职后在国会大厦的演讲.doc

《老兵不死》　　这篇演讲稿是道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟(Douglas MacArthur)在1951年4月19日被解职后在国会大厦发表的题为《老兵不死》的著名演讲提起这句话：“老兵永远不死，只会慢慢凋零”（Old soldiers never die, they just fade away），就不由得想起那个叼着玉米斗的麦克阿瑟——美国陆军五星上将出生于阿肯色州小石城的军人世家1899年中学毕业后考入西点军校，1903年以名列第一的优异成绩毕业，到工程兵部队任职，并赴菲律宾执勤麦克阿瑟有过50年的军事实践经验，被美国国民称之为“一代老兵”，而其自身的又曾是“美国最年轻的准将、西点军校最年轻的校长、美国陆军历史上最年轻的陆军参谋长”，凭借精妙的军事谋略和敢战敢胜的胆略，麦克阿瑟堪称美国战争史上的奇才总统先生、议长先生和尊敬的国会议员们：　　我怀着十分谦卑而又骄傲的心情站在这演讲台上 我谦卑，是因为在我之前，许多美国历史上伟大的建设者们都曾经在这里发过言；我骄傲，是因为今天我们的立法辩论代表了经深思的人类解放最纯粹形式这是整个人类进程中的希望、热情和信仰的集中体现我并不是作为任何一个党派的拥护者站在这里讲话的，因为这些问题太重要，以至都超越了党派的界线。

如果要证实我们的动机是是正确的，如果要保障我们的将来，制定关于国家利益的最高纲领时就必须考虑到它们我相信，当我说完我仅仅是为了陈述经深思熟虑而得出的一个普通美国公民的观点之后，你们会公平地接受它在我生命将逝之年做这个告别演说，无仇无怨在我心中只有一个目的：为我的祖国服务　　这些问题是全球性的，而且环环相扣，任何的顾此失彼做法都会使整体造成灾难亚洲被普遍认为是通往欧洲的门户，同样的，欧洲也是通往亚洲的大门，二者是息息相关的有人认为我们的力量不足以同时保住两个阵地，因为我们不能分散我们的力量我想，这是我听到的最悲观的失败主义论调了如果我们潜在的敌人能够把他的力量分在两条线上，那我们就必须与之抗衡……　　除了指出这些一般常识外，我将把讨论集中在亚洲地区在客观地估计那里的现状之前，我们必须了解亚洲的过去，了解导致她上升到今天这种局势的革命性的变化长期遭受殖民主义势力的剥削而使亚洲人民没有机会获取任何程度的社会平等、个人尊严，也无法提高生活水平，就像被我们的菲律宾贵族政府所统治的那样亚洲人民在战争中找到了机会，得以摆脱殖民主义的枷锁，而且现在有更多的新的契机摆在他们面前：政治独立带来的以前从未感受过的尊严和自重。

亚洲有占世界一半的人口和百分之六十的自然资源，她的人民正迅速地加强一个新兴的力量，包括精神和物质两方面，藉此提高他们的生活水平，协调现代化的进步和他们特有的文化环境不管你是不是坚持殖民主义的观点，这是亚洲前进的方向，她不会停步这一点是世界经济防线转移、国际事务中心回归原点的必然结果在这种情况下，我们国家在政治上必须与基本的革命形势一致，而不能无视殖民时代已经过时，且亚洲人民渴望开创自己的自由生活的现实，这一点十分重要他们现在需要的是友好的指引、理解和支持，而不是专制的指挥　　我坚持保全他们，并希望能用最少的时间、最小的牺牲体面地结束这场野蛮的冲突越来越多的流血让我感到深深的痛苦和焦虑那些勇敢的人的形象在我的脑海中挥之不去，我将永远为他们祈祷　　我将结束我五十二年的军旅生涯我在世纪之交之前就已加入军队，它满足了我孩童时所有的希望和梦想自从我在西点的草坪上宣读誓言以来，这个世界已经经历了多次转变，童年的希望和梦想早已消失得无影无踪但我依然记得当年那首流行的军歌中骄傲的叠句：一个老兵永不死亡，他只是淡出舞台就像歌中的老兵一样，我结束我的军旅生涯，只是淡出了人生舞台一个力图像上帝指引的那样完成他的责任的老兵。

再见 General Macarthur Speech "Old soldiers never die they just fade away"Mr. President, Mr. Speaker and distinguished members of the Congress:I stand on this rostrum with a sense of deep humility and great pride - humility in the wake of those great architects of our history who have stood here before me, pride in the reflection that this home of legislative debate represents human liberty in the purest form yet devised.Here are centered the hopes and aspirations and faith of the entire human race.I do not stand here as advocate for any partisan cause, for the issues are fundamental and reach quite beyond the realm of partisan considerations. They must be resolved on the highest plane of national interest if our course is to prove sound and our future protected.I trust, therefore, that you will do me the justice of receiving that which I have to say as solely expressing the considered viewpoint of a fellow American.I address you with neither rancor nor bitterness in the fading twilight of life, with but one purpose in mind: to serve my country.The issues are global, and so interlocked that to consider the problems of one sector oblivious to those of another is to court disaster for the whole. While Asia is commonly referred to as the gateway to Europe, it is no less true that Europe is the gateway to Asia, and the broad influence of the one cannot fail to have its impact upon the other.There are those who claim our strength is inadequate to protect on both fronts, that we cannot divide our effort. I can think of no greater expression of defeatism.If a potential enemy can divide his strength on two fronts, it is for us to counter his efforts. The Communist threat is a global one. Its successful advance in one sector threatens the destruction of every other sector. You cannot appease or otherwise surrender to communism in Asia without simultaneously undermining our efforts to halt its advance in Europe.Beyond pointing out these general truisms, I shall confine my discussion to the general areas of Asia...While I was not consulted prior to the President's decision to intervene in support of the Republic of Korea, that decision, from a military standpoint, proved a sound one.As I say, it proved a sound one, as we hurled back the invader and decimated his forces. Our victory was complete, and our objectives within reach, when Red China intervened with numerically superior ground forces.This created a new war and an entirely new situation, a situation not contemplated when our forces were committed against the North Korean invaders; a situation which called for new decisions in the diplomatic sphere to permit the realistic adjustment of military strategy. Such decisions have not been forthcoming.While no man in his right mind would advocate sending our ground forces into continental China, and such was never given a thought, the new situation did urgently demand a drastic revision of strategic planning if our political aim was to defeat this new enemy as we had defeated the old.Apart from the military need, as I saw it, to neutralize the sanctuary protection given the enemy north of the Yalu, I felt that military necessity in the conduct of the war made necessary --(1) The intensification of our economic blockade against China.(2) The imposition of a naval blockade against the China coast.(3) Removal of rest。