美国陆军士兵衔级标志.doc

陆军士兵衔级标志E-1 无标志E-2 二等兵E-3 一等兵E-4 专业下士/下士E-5 士官E-6 参谋士官E-7 一等士官E-8 专家士官/首席士官E-9 士官长/指挥士官长E-10 陆军士官长全文如下：Army Enlisted Promotion System（美国陆士兵晋升体制）Each year, when Congress passes the Defense Authorization Act, they tell the Army exactly how many people can be on active duty during the year. By separate legislation, Congress also limits what percentage of the total active duty force can serve in each commissioned officer rank, what percentage of the total active duty force can serve in each warrant officer rank, and what percentage of the active duty force can serve in each enlisted rank, above the grade of E-4 (there are no statutory limits for E-4 and below).每年，当国会通过国防授权法案的时候，他们就会告知陆军当年可招募多少人服现役。

通过其他单独的立法，国会还对每个衔级的军官、准尉以及 E-4 以上级别的士兵在所有现役人员中所占比例做出限制（E-4及以下级别的士兵无此法定限制） That, then, becomes the basis of the Army enlisted promotion system. The Army takes the number of "slots" they have for each enlisted rank, above the rank of E-4, and allocates them to the different（Military Occupation Specialty） MOS's (enlisted jobs). In other words, MOS 123 may be allowed to have 5,000 E-5s at any point in time and 2,000 E-6s, and MOS 456 may be authorized 7,000 E-5s, and 5,000 E-6s (as a general rule, the higher the rank, the fewer positions there are).这就是陆军士兵晋升体系的基础。

陆军决定了每个级别士兵的名额，对 E-4 以上级别的，就将他们分配到不同的军事专业岗位（士兵司职的）上去，换句话说，123 类的军事专业岗位上可允许有 5000 名 E-5 级和 2000 名 E-6 级的士兵，而 456 类的军事专业岗位则可拥有 7,000 名 E-5 级和 5,000 E-6 级的士兵（总的规律是，军衔越高，岗位也越少） In order to promote someone (above the rank of E-4), there must be a "vacancy." For example, if an E-9 retires in a certain MOS, that means that one E-8 can be promoted to E-9, and that opens an E-8 slot, so one E-7 can be promoted to E-8, and so-forth. If 200 E-5s get out of the Army in a particular MOS, then 200 E-4s can be promoted to E-5.要想晋升一名士兵（E-4 以上衔级） ，首先得有职务空缺。

举个例，如果一名 E-9 士兵在一个岗位上退伍了，那么一名 E-8 士兵就可晋升到 E-9 级了接着，一个 E-8 的名额也空出来了，然后一名 E-7 士兵又可晋升到 E-8，依次类推所以，如果有 200 名 E-5 士兵在其岗位上都退伍了，那就有 200 名 E-4 士兵可以晋升到 E-5 级The Army has 401,138 enlisted members on active duty. Here's how it breaks down, by enlisted rank:陆军现拥有 401,138 名现役士兵，下面是各级别所占总数的比例：Private (E-1) - 20,284 (5.1%)Private (E-2) - 3,334 (9.1%)Private First Class (E-3) - 56,757 (14.1%)Specialist/Corporal (E-4) - 107,634 (26.8%)Sergeant (E-5) - 73,034 (18.2%)Staff Sergeant (E-6) - 56,664 (14.1%)Sergeant First Class (E-7) - 36,725 (9.2%)Master Sergeant/First Sergeant (E-8) - 10,541 (2.6%)Sergeant Major (E-9) - 3,165 (0.8%)新兵 (E-1) - 20,284 (5.1%)二等兵 (E-2) - 3,334 (9.1%)一等兵 (E-3) - 56,757 (14.1%)专业下士/下士(E-4) - 107,634 (26.8%)士官 (E-5) - 73,034 (18.2%)参谋士官 (E-6) - 56,664 (14.1%)一等士官 (E-7) - 36,725 (9.2%)首席士官/专家士官 (E-8) - 10,541 (2.6%)士官长 (E-9) - 3,165 (0.8%)So, how does the Army decide which enlisted members are going to get promoted? They do this using three systems: Decentralized promotions for promotion to the grades of E-2 through E-4, Semi centralized promotions for promotion to the grades of E-5 and E-6, and centralized boards for promotions to E-7, E-8, and E-9.那么，陆军是如何决定士兵的晋升呢？这又由三个体系来实现：晋升到 E-2 至 E-4 级实行分散式晋升，晋升到 E-5 至 E-6 级实行半集中式晋升，晋升到 E-7 至 E-9 级实行集中晋升。

Decentralized Promotions (E-2 through E-4).分散式晋升（从 E-2 到 E-4）Decentralized Promotions means that the unit (company) is the promotion authority. By theory, the commander decides who gets promoted and who doesn't. In actuality, because there are no quotas for promotion for E-2s through E-4s, commanders pretty much promote everyone (as long as they do their job okay and don't get into trouble) who meet the "promotion criteria." The "promotion criteria" is set by the Army to ensure that the "promotion flow" remains stable, and everyone (regardless of MOS) can expect to be promoted at the same (approximate) time-frame.分散式晋升指连一级的单位（以下统称单位）具有晋升权力，理论上就是说单位指挥官可决定谁升谁不升，而事实上，因为晋升到 E-2 至 E-4 级是没有限额的，所以连指挥官会晋升任何达到晋升标准的人（只要他们做好各自的事，不惹麻烦） ，这个晋升标准由陆军制定，以保证晋升次序的稳定，而且每一个人（不管何种军事专业岗位）也都有望能同批（或大致同批）地晋升。

For soldiers in MOS 19D （cavalry scout）, and 19K（M1 Armor Crewman ）IET, commanders may promote up to 10 percent of each 19D and 19K class upon completion of basic combat training (BCT) portion of one station unit training (OSUT) to PV2 and an equal number to PFC upon graduation from the MOS producing course.对于骑兵侦察兵和 M1 坦克成员这种岗位，连指挥官可将完成这样一个岗位连级训练中基础作战训练的士兵总数的 10%晋升到二等兵，或者将同样比例的完成该军事专业岗位培训课程的士兵晋升到一等兵Finally, if the unit is undermanned in specific grades, the Army may allow the unit commander to waiver TIG（time in grade ）and TIS（ time in service） requirements. When specifically authorized, the commander can waiver up to 2 months TIG for promotions to E-2, 6 months TIS/2 months TIG for promotions to E-3, and 6 months TIS/3 months TIG for promotion to E-4.最后，如果这个单位在某些级别的士兵上缺员，那么陆军会允许这个单位的指挥官不用考虑服役时限和级别时限的要求。

当通过特别授权后，这个单位的指挥官可以将服役满 2 月的新兵晋升到二等兵（E-2） ，将服役满 6 个月并在二等兵级别上干满 2 个月的晋升到一等兵(E-3)，还可将服役 6 个月并在一等兵衔上干满3 个月的晋升到专业下士/下士(E-4)The promotion criteria for promotion to the ranks of E-2 to E-4 are:晋升到 E-2 至 E-4 的一般标准如下：Private (E-2) - Six months time-in-grade (TIG) as a private (E-1).Private 。