英语报刊选读作业答案11.doc

《英语报刊选读》作业答案作业（1）A. Multiple Choices.1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A8. B 9. C10. A、D、E、H、IB. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F). True: 1、4、5、8 False: 2、3、6、7作业（2）Keys:1. Give the definition of the following terms.1) featurea prominent or special article, story, or department in a newspaper or periodical.2) editorialan article in a publication expressing the opinion of its editors or publishers.3) op-edof or being a newspaper page, usually opposite the editorial page, that features signed articles expressing personal viewpoints4) inverted pyramidThe inverted pyramid is a traditional form of writing in which the news is stacked in paragraphs in order of descending importance. The lead summarizes the principal items of a news event. The second paragraph and each succeeding paragraph contain secondary or supporting details in order of decreasing significance. All the paragraphs in the story contain newsworthy information, but each paragraph is less vital than the one before it. Inverted-pyramid form puts the climax of a story at the beginning, in the lead.5) leadA lead is a terse opening paragraph that provides the gist of the story and invites readers inside. 2. What is the difference between hard news and soft news?Hard news events, such as killings, and speeches by leading government officials, are timely and are reported almost automatically by the media. Soft news events, such as a car wash by a fourth-graders to raise money for a classmate with cancer, are not usually considered immediately important or timely to a wide audience. These events still contain elements of news, however, and the media often report them. 3. What is the difference between news and features?A news story emphasizes the facts of the event, while the feature displaces the facts to accommodate the human interest of the story. 4. What are the major criteria for newsworthiness?Proximity Prominence Timeliness Impact Conflict and Controversy Uniqueness Human interest 5. What are the principles of news writing?News writing tends to be:1. Impersonal to make it appear objective (to distance the reporter from the story) hence: – Written in the third person – Use of direct speech or indirect speech which is attributed to someone other than the reporter, – Some use of passive verbs but usually only when someone who is being quoted wants to distance themselves from an issue and to show objectively about n issue. 2. About something that has taken place so mostly written in the past tense. 3. Simple – In fact close to the way we talk – relatively short sentences and words and some use of clichés which the whole audience understand. 4. Punchy – it must grab the reader’s attention so often uses: – short rather than long words – active verbs – relatively short sentences – concrete rather than abstract vocabulary – sometimes emotive and colorful vocabulary – some use (but not overuse) of adjectives 5. But also relatively formal hence:– no use of contractions – sentences written in full (no elision) or elliptical sentences 6. sometimes imagery is used to help create a clearer mental picture for the reader.7. often including the reporter’s by-line and/or a date-line6. Read the following headlines and analyze the features of the language they use.a) More Iraqis Said to Flee Since Troop RiseWhen passive voice is used in headlines, “to be” is always omitted. Here “are” in “More Iraqis are said to flee…” is omitted. Nouns and noun phrases are often used in headlines to save space. Noun phrases which actually express actions or state are heavily used, and they are derived from verb phrases in order to make the sentences more compact and save space without lowering the amount of information conveyed. Instead of “since the troop rises”, noun phrase “troop rise” is used. b) Insurgent raid kills 22 villagersMost headlines use the present tense-despite the fact that they generally describe past events. The present tense gives the subject a sense of freshness and immediacy, making it more interesting to read. Instead of using “killed”, “kills” is used to describe what happened in the past. Besides, the article “An” in “an insurgent raid” is omitted. c) Bangladesh Sets Curfew To Curb Student ProtestsShort words (i.e. midget words) are often used to conserve space in headlines, for example, “curb” in this headline. Besides, present tense “sets” is used to describe a past event. d) Storm Death Toll in Midwest Climbs1. Compact noun phrases are often used in headlines to save space. 2. Most headlines use the present tense-despite the fact that they generally describe past events.e) Wall Street slightly lower as credit worries lingerRhetoric devices often used in the writing of newspaper headlines. In this headline, Wall Street refers to the stock exchange, which is a metonymy. Another rhetoric device used here is rhyme (Correspondence of terminal sounds of words or of lines of verse), as we fin。