2015年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练5.doc

2015 高考高频词汇必背及训练系列 51.surprise n．惊奇，惊奇的事I have got a big surprise for you.我给你带来了一个大的惊喜v．使吃惊What surprised us most was that she had such a sweet voice.最让我们感到惊讶的是她有如此甜美的嗓音to one's surprise 令人吃惊的是To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days.令我惊讶的是他竟然在几天之内就完成了任务注意：surprising 表示令人惊讶；主语通常是使人惊讶的事；surprised 表示主语本身产生的情绪，主语是人What you've told me is surprising.你给我讲的情况真令人吃惊The news made us surprised.这消息使我们很惊讶Though ________ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.A．surprise B．was surprised C．surprised D．being surprised2.disaster n．灾难，不幸，祸患Fires，floods and earthquakes are disasters.火灾、水灾和地震都是灾难。

This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the area.这是该地区所经历的最严重的自然灾害之一考点提示：disaster­affected area　　　受灾地区a traffic disaster 交通惨祸a disaster to sb 某人的灾难escape disaster 逃避灾难die in the disaster 死于灾祸The voyage to the Atlantic Ocean ended________.A．with disaster B．in disaster C．with destroy D．in fail3.promote vt.(1)促进，增进Exercise promotes health.锻炼可增进健康The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊2)使(某人)升级，擢升(某人)至……(to)The boy was promoted to the fourth grade.这个男孩升到四年级。

The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.这个年轻军官被提升为上尉3)(在宣传上)促销，推销(商品)Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product？如何来推销这种产品你有什么办法吗？考点提示：promote...as　　　　　　　把……推广为promote sb to the post of 升某人担当……职位promote sb to... 晋升某人为……注意：promote sb to 之后表职位的名词不加冠词完成句子：(1)我们的老师已被提升为校长了Our teacher has ________ ________ ________ headmaster.(2)这家公司在电视上宣传他们的新产品The company are ________ ________ ________ ________ on television.(3)他晋升为新工厂的经理He ________ ________ ________ of the new workshop.4.expect v．盼望；认为；预料The rent was much more than we had expected to pay.租金比我们预计要付的多得多。

He didn't expect to see me.他没有料到会碰见我考点提示：expect＋代词/名词/that 从句　 盼望；预料expect to do sth 盼望做某事expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事than expected 比预料中的I expect so. 我想是这样的I expect not＝I don't expect so. 我认为不是这样I don't expect that... 我认为……不……(否定前移)I've worked with children before，so I know what________in my new job.A．expected B．to expect C．to be expecting D．mit vt.(1)犯(罪、错等)They committed many horrible crimes against the people.他们对人民犯下许多可怕的罪行 If we don't understand this，we shall commit mistakes.我们如果不理解这一点，就会犯错误。

commit suicide　　　　 自杀commit crimes 犯罪commit mistakes 犯错误(2)交托；交付；移交(为保管或处理)The boy was committed to the care of his uncle.这个男孩被委托给他的叔叔照管He committed himself to the cause of education.他投身于教育事业3)承诺；受誓约的约束He refused to commit himself to any sort of promise.他拒不作出任何承诺翻译句子：(1)The hero in the novel committed suicide at the end of the book.______________________________________________________(2)I committed the matter to the care of a friend.______________________________________________________6.injury n．损伤，伤害Don't do that.You'll do yourself an injury.别那样做，你会把自己弄伤的。

Several train passengers received/sustained serious injuries in the crash.在这次撞车事故中火车上几名乘客受重伤do sb an injury＝do an injury to sb 　　　伤害某人the injured n. 受伤的人，伤员injury/wound/hurt/harm/damage 辨析(1)injury n．指平时的大小创伤或伤害He got serious injuries to the legs at work.他干活时腿受了重伤2)wound 指战斗中刀或枪的创伤，伤口The soldier received two wounds in the battle.这位士兵在战斗中两处受伤3)hurt 尤指精神上和感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛The hurt to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body.他在感情上受到的伤害比身体上的伤痛更严重4)harm；damage 指损失，损害，不表示伤 痛The storm did great harm to the crops.这场暴风雨对庄稼危害很大。

The earthquake caused damage to the city.这场地震对这城市造成了危害1)You'd better have a first aid box at hand in case of some common________at home.A．hurt B．d amage C．wounds D．injuries(2)As we all know，smoking does________to the health of smokers themselves and those around them.A．harm B．injury C．hurt D．wound(3)The cattle are to be driven away before they cause any________to the newly planted trees.A．damage B．injury C．hurt D．wound7.react vi.(1)react on(upon)对……起作用，对……有影响Your applause would react on(upon)the speaker.你们的喝彩对演说者有影响。

Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.恶人有恶报2)react against 反抗，反对People soon reacted against the new government.人们不久便起来反对新政府He reacted against everything he had been taught.教他什么他都会唱对台戏3)react to 对……作出反应How did your mother react to the news?你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样？Our eyes react to light.我们的眼睛对光起反应4)react with 与……起反应Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.铁与水和空气起化学反应而生锈介词填空：(1)Dogs react________kindness________waging their tails.(2)He reacted________his parents' strictness and left home.(3)The rise of oil costs reacted ________the price of food.(4)He didn't react________the loud noise and kept on working.8.admire vt.钦佩，羡慕 ；欣赏 admire sb for sth /doing sth 　　　因为做某事佩服某人 admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏 have admiration for 对……表示钦佩 with/in admiration 钦佩地 I really admire your enthusiasm.我确实钦佩你的热情。

I have great admiration for her as a writer.我十分钦佩她这个作家完成句子：我钦佩他的勇气I ________ him ________ his courage.9.impact n．影响；冲击；撞击 Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the crisis.企业开始感受到了经济危机的全面影响The impact of the blow knocked Jack off ba。