2022年考博英语-湖南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷93.docx

2022年考博英语-湖南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major （1） to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful （2）on the economy in at least four ways.Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system （3）the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely, the construction and ,（4）of most highways is the（5）of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily（6）for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation （7）are also the responsibilities of local government.Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private （8）in many ways, for the（9）of assuring that business serves the best （10）of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a（11）, such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable （12）but limits their ability to raise prices （13） , since the public depends on their services. Often control is （14） to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of（15）in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control.Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by （16） tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit They can also（17） the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to（18）and individuals. For example, tariffs （19）certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to （20）better with certain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system to help the unemployed and retirees.问题1选项A.economyB.horrorC.magnifierD.element问题2选项A.elevationB.emotionC.effectD.election问题3选项A.drippingB.servingC.divergingD.clamping问题4选项A.clearanceB.combustionC.commenceD.maintenance问题5选项A.commonplaceB.responsibility.C.conductivityD.consequence问题6选项A.consoledB.compactedC.paidD.bracketed问题7选项A.servicesB.boycottsC.budgetsD.charters问题8选项A.banquetB.boomC.arenaD.enterprise问题9选项A.assertionB.purposeC.assetD.assumption问题10选项A.admirationB.interestsC.adoptionD.accuracy问题11选项A.monopolyB.acceptanceC.abolitionD.morality问题12选项A.proximityB.blendC.breastD.profit问题13选项A.fairlyB.unfairlyC.friendlyD.unnecessarily问题14选项A.exercisedB.broadenedC.bankruptedD.exemplified问题15选项A.facultyB.quantityC.qualityD.fragment问题16选项A.applaudingB.assessingC.ascendingD.adjusting问题17选项A.affectB.accommodateC.adhereD.affirm问题18选项A.beverageB.businessesC.bondageD.botany问题19选项A.perplexB.permitC.perturbD.plunder问题20选项A.compensateB.confrontC.consoleD.compete【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C第7题:A第8题:D第9题:B第10题:B第11题:A第12题:D第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C第16题:D第17题:A第18题:B第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）逻辑分析。

文章开头第一句就讲到消费者与生产者会对经济产生影响，由此可以推出文章接下来要讲另一个影响因素，只有D选项element(要素)符合题意2）名词辨析powerful effect：强大的影响力故选择C3）动词辨析此处为动词的现在分词形式作后置定语修饰federal system邮政系统属于服务行业，故选择B4）名词辨析此处为and连接construction和空格,因此此处应该填与construction并列的名词高速公路除了建设，还需要对其进行保养，才保证正常使用故选择D:保养、维护5）名词辨析高速公路建设与保养问题，涉及一个各个州归属与责任的问题由此可知选B:责任6）动词辨析the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government：公共教育系统大多数的资金由联邦政府提供由此推测接下来继续谈论费用的支付问题故选择C:支付7）固定搭配service:局、部Police and fire protection and sanitation services：警察局、消防部门、卫生局。

8）名词辨析句意: 政府在许多方面监管和控制私营企业故选D: 企业9）名词辨析句意: 政府实施对企业的管理是为了达到某一目的，故选择B:目的，企图10）名词辨析句意: 政府指导企业的发展，让企业在盈利的同时，也需要满足全社会的利益，故选择B:利益11）名词辨析句意: 在私营企业被垄断的地区，监管调控是必要的故得知选择A:垄断12）逻辑分析企业要生存就必须盈利，故选择D:利润proximity:接近，邻近blend:混合breast:胸怀，乳房13）副词辨析企业为了赚得更多的利润，会打价格战，会恶意提高价格，故选择B:不公平地fairly:公平地friendly:友好的unnecessarily: 不必要地14）动词辨析control：此处理解为调控，而这一行为是需要实施，故选择A:运用，实施broaden:扩大，变宽bankmpt:破产exemplify: 例证，例示15）名词辨析the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of 65 in f。