英文实验报告的格式和写法..doc

英文实验报告的格式和写法【转】2010-10-04 06:03一份最标准的实验报告的格式：1. Abstract2. Introduction3. Method4. Results5. Discussion6. Conclusion7. Reference分别来分享下近来学到的Abstract摘要摘要，就是整篇文章摘出来的要强烈建议整篇文章写完后再写摘要把文章每个部分选一些句子出来就可以拼凑成一个 abstract 了一个 abstract 的模板：1 一两句话说明这个实验的主要理论依据，或者实验需要证明的假说2 一两句话说一下这个理论或者假说的相关的研究3 两三句话描述一下实验4 两三句话概括一下实验结果5 一句话说一个结论，解释一下这个实验的意义或结果的重要性转一个别人的 example:Does a child ’s focuscorrelatewithbarometricpressure? ifso, does itcorrelatepositivelyor negatively?Tucker (1999) hypothesizeda negativecorrelation,but thisassertionhas neverbeen tested.Our team used theMISHA CPT to measure the focus of a group of 150 third-grade students.we divided the studentsinto three groups of50 students. onegroup tookthe MISHACPTwhen barometric pressure was low,anothergroup took it whenbarometric pressure was neutral, and the final group took it whenbarometric pressure was high. the results found that children focused significantly better when barometric pressure was low than when barometric pressure was neutral or high. the results suggest that when diagnosing ADHD, practitioners should give the CPT when barometric pressure is neutral.IntroductionIntroduction 以实验目的为开头，解释一下这个实验需要证明的东西。

具体实验目的视全篇实验报告长度而定，几段到几页都有的实验目的写完后介绍实验基本理论 介绍一下前人或者文献里的相近相关的实验，写一下他们的成果以及不到位的地方 （well, 如果是学校安排的每年都要做的实验就写写类似相关实验的优劣吧），这部分注意写reference然后介绍一下实验过程如果实验用了一些非常见的仪器，也可以在这个部分做一个简要介绍再转一篇我认为写得很好的Introduction exampleIntroductionIn this lab, we explore the theory of optimal foraging and the theory ofcentralplaceforagingusingbeaversas the model animal.Foraging refersto the mammalianbehaviorassociatedwith searchingforfood.The optimalforaging theory assumes that animals feed in a way that maximizes theirnetrateofenergy intakeperunittime(Pyke et al.1977).An animalmayeither maximize its daily energy intake (energy maximizer) or minimizethe time spent feeding (time minimizer) in order to meet minimumrequirements.Herbivorescommonly behave as energymaximizers (Belovsky1986) and accomplish this maximizing behavior by choosing food that isof high quality and has low-search and low-handling time (Pyke et al.1977).The central place theory is used to describe animals that collect foodand store it in a fixed location in their home range, the central place(Jenkins 1980). The factors associated with the optimal foraging theoryalsoapplytothecentralplace theory.The centralplace theorypredictsthatretrievalcosts increaselinearlywith distanceoftheresourcefromthecentralplace(Rockwood and Hubbell1987). Central placefeedersareveryselectivewhen choosingfoodthat is far from thecentralplace sincethey have to spend time and energy hauling it back to the storage site(Schoener 1979).The main objectiveofthislabwas todetermine beaver (Castor canadensis)food selection based on tree species, size, and distance. Since beaversare energy maximizers (Jenkins 1980, Belovsky 1984) and central placefeeders (McGinley and Whitam 1985), they make an excellent test animalfortheoptimalforagingtheory.Beavers eat severalkindsofherbaceousplants as well as the leaves, twigs, and bark of most species of woodyplants that grow near water (Jenkins and Busher 1979). By examining thetrees that are chewed or not-chewed in the beavers’ home range, anaccurateassessment of food preferencesamongtreespeciesmay be gained(Jenkins 1975). The purpose of this lab was to learn about the optimalforaging theory. We wanted to know if beavers put the optimal foragingtheory into action when selecting food.Wehypothesizedthatthebeaversinthisstudy willchoose treesthataresmall in circumference and closest to the water. Since the energy yieldof tree species may varysignificantly,we also hypothesizedthatbeaverswill show a preference for some species of trees over others regardlessof circumference size or distance from the central area. The optimalforagingtheoryand centralplacetheory lead us topredictthatbeavers,like most herbivores, will maximize their net rate of energy intake per unit time. In order to maximize energy, beavers will choose trees that are closest to their central place (the water) and require the least retrieval cost. Since beavers are trying to maximize energy, we hypothesized that they will tend to select some species of trees 。