2022年考研英语（二）真题及答案.docx

2022年全国硕士研究生考试考研英语（二）试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark Az B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Harlan Coben believes that if you7 re a writer, you' II find the time; and that if you can, t find the time, then writing isn' t a priority and you' re not a writer. For him, writing is a 1 job-a job like any other. He has 2 it with plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesnz t wake up and say that he can' t work with pipes today.3 , like most writers these days, you' re holiday down a job to pay the bills, it' s not 4 to find the time to write. But it' s not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness. 5 that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly 6 often have to do other work to 7 their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested, it' s a 8 of priorities. To make writing a priority, you' II have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport you30. With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are .[A] unprepared[B] unafraid[C] disappointed[D] enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, “dark patterns" is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to "roach motel” , where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonproft leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-upsz checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception/7Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that “ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights." The regulations aim to ban dark patterns- this means prohibiting companies from using ''confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn' t opt out.”As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standard.31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns.[A] improve user experiences[B] leak user information for profit[C] undermine users1 decision-making[D] remind users of hidden costs32. The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show.[A] their major flaws[B] their complex designs[C] their severe damage[D] their strong presence33. To handle digital deception, businesses should.[A] listen to customer feedback[B] talk with relevant teams[C] turn to independent agencies[D] rely on professional training34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to.[A] guide users through opt-out processes[B] protect consumers from being tricked[C] grant companies data privacy rights[D] restrict access to problematic contentAccording to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is *[A] new legal requirements[B] busine。