TheGrapesofWrath象征意义.ppt

The Grapes of Wrath--- John Steinbeck--- John Steinbeck•1. Introduction•1.1 The author• ---John SteinbeckJohn Steinbeck• (1902-1968)(1902-1968)• •1902, born in Salinas, California1902, born in Salinas, California•1920, enrolled in Stanford 1920, enrolled in Stanford UniversityUniversity•1925, went to New York1925, went to New York•1925 ,Returned to California1925 ,Returned to California and and Started writing careerStarted writing career•1935, won his first literary 1935, won his first literary prizeprize•1940, the Pulitzer Prize1940, the Pulitzer Prize•1962, Nobel Prize for literature1962, Nobel Prize for literature•1967, 1967, Went to VietnamWent to Vietnam•1968, 1968, Passed awayPassed away  Major works•1. 1. First novel: First novel: Cup of GoldCup of Gold (1929) (1929) 《《金杯金杯》》• 2 2. . Worker’s Trilogy:Worker’s Trilogy:• a. a. In Dubious BattleIn Dubious Battle (1936) (1936) • 《《胜负胜负未决未决》》• --- About the strike by migrant --- About the strike by migrant farm-workersfarm-workers• b. b. Of Mice and MenOf Mice and Men (1937) (1937) • 《《人鼠之人鼠之间间》》• --- the mutual dependence and shared --- the mutual dependence and shared dreams of migrant farm-workersdreams of migrant farm-workers• •c. The Grapes of Wrath (1939) The Grapes of Wrath (1939) • 《《愤怒的葡萄怒的葡萄》》• ( his masterpiece for which Steinbeck ( his masterpiece for which Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for it in 1962)received the Nobel Prize for it in 1962)•3. The Moon Is Down (1942) The Moon Is Down (1942) • 《《月亮下去了月亮下去了》》•4. East of Garden (1952) East of Garden (1952) • 《《伊甸园以伊甸园以东》》1.2 The novelThe novel•The novel tells a tragic story of a westward,and it was based on the background of the bankrupt of the people in the depression in American. Tom, the protagonist, with his family and Jim, the pastor, advanced to the California by an old truck, hoping that they could make a living in the California, a wealthy land. They went through all kinds of difficulties on the way to California, including the breakdown of the old truck, the death of grandpa and grandma one after another, the oppression of the local people and so on. Finally they arrived in the California. However, they were still unemployed, poor, and were maltreated and ruthless exploited by the farmer in the so called “paradise”—California. So the whole family could only lead a hard life relied on the farms. Tom Joad Ma Joad Pa Joad Jim Casy Al Joad Rose of Sharon Connie Rivers Noah Joad friendsonhusbandsonsonhusband Major Charactersdaughter2.Character symbols•2.1The symbol of Jim•　　　Jim Casy is a priest. J·C is the first written letters of Jim Casy, which happens to be the abbreviations of Jesus Christ. “You don’t know what you have done.” said Jim before he died. And on Christ’s dying moments, he said, “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are.” Comparing the two sentences, they are the same meaning. When Jim first met Tom, he said, “The Holy Spirit asks me to guide you, but where on earth lead you to, I don’t know.” All these things imply that Jim is the symbol of Christ. Just like Christ who leads the Twelve Apostles to Long Pilgrimages to help people get rid of tribulation, Jim lead those internally displaced people toward California, a place thought to be full of hope and wealthy. Ultimately, he dedicate for them. This behavior embodies the devotion of Jesus Christ to save people.•2.2 The symbol of Tom Joad•　　　• Tom is the nickname of Tom is the nickname of ThomasThomas, which is , which is one of the Twelve Apostles. There happen to be one of the Twelve Apostles. There happen to be twelve members in Tom’s family, which means twelve members in Tom’s family, which means that they are the symbols of the that they are the symbols of the Twelve Twelve ApostlesApostles. Tom hit the police bravely after Jim . Tom hit the police bravely after Jim was killed by the police. After that, he thought was killed by the police. After that, he thought what Jim had said to him again and again. what Jim had said to him again and again. Finally he got the meaning of “A man does not Finally he got the meaning of “A man does not have its own soul, only a part of the soul.” and have its own soul, only a part of the soul.” and left his family because he was afraid he would left his family because he was afraid he would get them into trouble. get them into trouble. 2.3 The symbol of Tom’s mother•　　Another extremely unique character is Tom’s Another extremely unique character is Tom’s mother. She appeared as mother. She appeared as ordinary peasantordinary peasant women in women in the beginning of the novel. By the leading of the beginning of the novel. By the leading of Minister Jim and under the force of the harsh Minister Jim and under the force of the harsh reality, she jumped out of the circle, shining the reality, she jumped out of the circle, shining the brightnessbrightness of the virgin. The good virtue of of the virgin. The good virtue of honest honest working women appeared on her. On the way to the working women appeared on her. On the way to the California, she helped Casey when everybody was California, she helped Casey when everybody was facing unsteady waters; she shared her food with facing unsteady waters; she shared her food with the poor children, even her family could not have the poor children, even her family could not have enough to eat; and she is still a enough to eat; and she is still a spiritspirit guide in her guide in her family because she guidfamily because she guideded Tom to read the Tom to read the B Bible ible when he was in confusion. Therefore, Tom’ mother when he was in confusion. Therefore, Tom’ mother turned into a great mother of concerning the whole turned into a great mother of concerning the whole labor class. She is regarded as the incarnation of labor class. She is regarded as the incarnation of goddess.goddess.2.4 The symbol of Rose of Sharon•Rose of Sharon——from a Rose of Sharon——from a “ “hoydenhoyden”—a ”—a high-spiritedhigh-spirited and and saucysaucy girl—into a girl—into a secretive secretive and and mysteriousmysterious woman woman.•Childish and dreamy teenage Childish and dreamy teenage daughter who develops as the daughter who develops as the novel progresses to become a novel progresses to become a mature woman. She symbolizes mature woman. She symbolizes regrowthregrowth when she helps the when she helps the starving strangerstarving stranger.2.5 The symbol of Tom’s grandpa•Pa Joad——Pa Joad——patriarchpatriarch, , hardworkinghardworking sharecropper and sharecropper and family family manman•Ma Joad’s husband and Tom’s father. A Ma Joad’s husband and Tom’s father. A plainspokenplainspoken, , good-heartedgood-hearted man, Pa directs the man, Pa directs the effort to take the family to California, though he effort to take the family to California, though he sometimes feels ashamed of his weaker position.sometimes feels ashamed of his weaker position.3.1 The symbol of grapes•Grapes in the Old Testament · Numbers symbolize the abundance and hope.In the Old Testament .Deuteronomy, it symbolizes bitter, and in the New Testament . Revelation, it contacts with anger. The writer puts the containing meaning of grape into this novel. In the 30s in American, the modern industrialized farming makes the bankruptcy farmers homeless. So these people regard California that abounds in grapes as land of covenant. The grapes symbolize their dreams of a new life and the hope of making a living. But when they arrived at the California, most of them could not find jobs, but were oppressed by the employers and the polices. Under the circumstances, the symbol of grapes turn into bitter and anger. So the grapes are the symbol of abundance and hope, bitter and anger.3.2 The symbol of wild flower•小小说结说结尾尾处处被露西被露西发现发现的路旁的那棵瘦瘦的野生天竺葵也的路旁的那棵瘦瘦的野生天竺葵也寄予了斯坦寄予了斯坦贝贝克克美好的希望美好的希望。

连绵连绵大雨后，瘦瘦的天竺葵大雨后，瘦瘦的天竺葵上竟奇迹般地上竟奇迹般地还还有一有一朵朵遭遭过过雨打的花，它的花瓣雨打的花，它的花瓣“ “活象一活象一颗鲜红颗鲜红的小的小鸡鸡心心” ”这朵这朵幸存的野花象征了幸存的野花象征了难难民民们顽们顽强强的的原原•始生命活力始生命活力，而露西和温菲，而露西和温菲尔尔德在雨中就着德在雨中就着这朵这朵野花天真野花天真地嬉地嬉戏戏的情景的情景喻喻示着示着这这些些经过经过苦苦难难磨砺的磨砺的乐观乐观孩子能看到孩子能看到美好的前景美好的前景，他，他们们未来的生活充未来的生活充满满希望希望3.3 The symbol of dust• At the beginning of the novel, the dust was At the beginning of the novel, the dust was flying everywhere, and devoured the creatures, flying everywhere, and devoured the creatures, devoured the light, it is a symbol of devoured the light, it is a symbol of evil forcesevil forces. The . The evil force on one hand is hostile to the evil force on one hand is hostile to the poor natural poor natural environmentenvironment. Because of the years of drought, . Because of the years of drought, whirling dust everywhere, the land was destroyed, it whirling dust everywhere, the land was destroyed, it brings the farmers unprecedented trial and suffering. brings the farmers unprecedented trial and suffering. On the other hand, it also represents a lot of bigOn the other hand, it also represents a lot of big bankbanks and large s and large enterpriseenterprise. In order to obtain more . In order to obtain more profits, they used tractor forced the tenants out profits, they used tractor forced the tenants out from their land to live on.from their land to live on.3.4 The symbol of tortoise This stubborn and determined This stubborn and determined turtle-a Joad pet, reminds us of the turtle-a Joad pet, reminds us of the stubbornstubborn and and determineddetermined ways of ways of the Joad family and other migrant the Joad family and other migrant worker families who worker families who perseverepersevere even even after being kicked off of their farms, after being kicked off of their farms, cheated by used car salesmen and cheated by used car salesmen and merchants, and set back by sickness merchants, and set back by sickness and loss. and loss. The turtle accepts the challenges The turtle accepts the challenges that come his way, but he never that come his way, but he never forgets where he is going. forgets where he is going. 4. Conclusion•　　　即使我即使我们不幸地成不幸地成为失失败者，者，那又怎那又怎样，生活，生活还不是在不是在继续前行，前方前行，前方还有多少美有多少美丽的的风景在默默地等着我景在默默地等着我们…………。