美国黑人戏剧-PPT课件.ppt

1,美国黑人戏剧African-American Drama,英语语言文学,2,origin,representative playwrights,theme,development,African-American Drama,3,African American theatre began with victims of the slave trade from western Africa, who retained many of their performance traditions, such as ensemble improvisation（即兴创作）, in the New World.,Origin,4,Black characters in early white plays were always played by whites in black make-up.,Early performances were carried out on plantations and in homes, and ultimately had a wide influence on American culture, first demonstrated in the creation of minstrel shows(黑人剧） in the 1820s and 1830s.,5,William Wells Brown （1814-1884） 威廉威尔斯布朗,逃亡（1858） 黑人写的第一部剧本问世，是一部揭露蓄奴制罪恶的戏。

比白人汤姆斯戈弗雷的安息王子（1759）晚了一个世纪,6,1.In the 1920s 开端,,,,,2.In the 1930s and 1940s 有一定发展,3.In the 1950s 划时代意义,4.In the 1960s 蓬勃发展,,5.In the 1970s and 1980s 新发展,The development of African American Drama：,7,After the First World War, Northern cities New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Chicago became crowded with Southern blacks in search of work and better lives. Some small theatre groups specializing in black-written plays briefly thrived, for the 1920s were the first major period of black playwriting.,1.In the 1920s美国黑人戏剧的开端,8,,In the booming 1920s, New Yorks Harlem became the Norths largest African American community, and attracted so many artists that its creative ferment has come to be known as the Harlem Renaissance. （哈莱姆文艺复兴）,--a literary movement launched by the black writers who gathered at the black neighborhoodHarlem from 1920 to 1940; --The chief leader was Langston Hughes（兰斯顿休斯）; --marked a turning point for African American literature.,,9,,--Garland Anderson 加兰安德森 His full-length courtroom drama Appearances (1925) 貌相 --the first non-musical black-written plays to reach Broadway stages. 百老汇上演的第一个由黑人写的戏剧。

描写无辜的黑人受诬告的故事In 1923，there appeared the first African American theater.,10,,,,,Wallace Thurman 华莱瑟曼 --第一个专为百老汇剧院写反映黑人生活剧本的作家 Harlem哈莱姆1929年在百老汇上演 描写从南方卡莱纳移居哈莱姆的黑人威廉斯一家的悲惨遭遇，揭示了下层黑人社会的真实生活状况11,,2.In the 1930s and 1940s美国黑人戏剧有一定发展,In the Great Depression of the 1930s, most black theatre companies folded, and many black theatre artists, like poor Americans of all backgrounds, became politically radicalized（激进化）.,三十年代的经济大萧条使美国社会陷入一片混乱之中，民不聊生，生灵涂炭，它对黑人的打击比对白人的打击还要重得多罗斯福总统联邦剧院计划（The Federal Theatre Project ）专门成立了黑人部，1936年举办百名剧作家培训班，促进了黑人戏剧的发展。

12,,Hall Johnson: Run Little Chillun,1933 霍尔约翰逊 跑吧，孩子们 Frank Wilson: Meek Mose,1928 弗兰克威尔逊 温顺的摩西 Langston Hughes: Mulatto,1935 兰斯顿休斯 混血儿,这个时期真正成熟的剧作家廖若星辰，有文学价值的剧作屈指可数13,,The Federal Theatre Project was dissolved in 1939 by Congressional red-baiters, and the Second World War further fragmented the black theatre world. It began to rebuild in the early 1950s, finding a new voice in the growing civil rights movement. （民权运动时代）,--during the 1940s, 50s and 60s when the large migration happened. --end segregation（隔离 )and racism(种族歧视) create a new sense of Black nationalism --leader: Martin Luther King,,14,,,3.In the 1950s美国黑人戏剧具有划时代意义,,William Branch: A Medal for Willie,1951 威廉布兰奇 威利的奖章 Louis Peterson: Take a Giant Step,1953 路易斯彼得森 阔步前进 Lorraine Hansberry: A Raisin in the Sun,1959 洛兰汉丝贝丽 阳光下的葡萄干,黑人戏剧首次荣膺重要戏剧奖，表明它正式得到了美国戏剧界的承认。

15,,Lorraine Hansberry （洛兰汉丝贝丽） （May 19, 1930 - January 12, 1965）,Her main works： --A Raisin in the sun, 1959 日光下的葡萄干 --The Sign in Sidney Brusteins Window, 1964 西德尼布鲁斯坦窗口上的标记 --Les Blancs, 1970 白种人,16,,A Raisin in the Sun 日光下的葡萄干 --The title comes from the poem “Harlem” （also known as “A Dream Deferred”）by Langston Hughes. --剧名取自美国黑人桂冠诗人兰斯顿休士的一首诗，诗中写道：“一个未能实现的梦想会有什么下场？/它会不会干瘪枯萎，/像太阳下的一颗葡萄干？”,17,,日光下的葡萄干 该剧剧情主要写一个贫困的黑人家庭在金钱的诱惑下几个家庭成员各有所图但为了维护民族自尊心，他们都摒弃了个人的梦想，并不像太阳下的一颗葡萄干那样干瘪枯萎，而是信心十足地活下去该剧是一部现实主义杰作，比较全面探讨了黑人戏剧所涉及的各类主要问题，是黑人戏剧发展史上的一个里程碑它标志着黑人戏剧已经走向成熟。

18,,A Raisin in the Sun,It received the New York Drama Critics Award. （纽约剧评界奖） Receiving this award made Lorraine Hansberry the youngest and first African-American to receive it.,Themes： The value of dream The need to fight racial discrimination The importance of the family,19,In the 1960s, activism （激进主义）became the dominant theme of black theatre. In the middle to late 1960s, after the passage of the Civil Rights Act (1965)民权法案, and concurrent with the escalation（扩大） of the Vietnam War and the Black Power movement（黑人权利运动), there was a huge explosion of black theatre nationwide.,4.In the 1960s美国黑人戏剧蓬勃发展,20,,,In the 1960s美国黑人戏剧蓬勃发展,Le Roi Jones（勒罗伊琼斯）60年代美国最激进的黑人剧作家 Ed Bullins（艾德布林斯）被称为“愤怒青年”的黑人作家 Adrienne Kennedy（阿德里安娜肯尼迪）,黑人作家试图用戏剧艺术唤起广大黑人群众，他们摒弃白人的戏剧模式，倡导独立的、有战斗气息的戏剧，产生了美国新型黑人戏剧抗议戏剧。

21,,Le Roi Jones 勒罗伊琼斯（1934） 后改名为Amiri Baraka (principle architect of Black Arts) --6070年代里美国最激进的黑人剧作家,他明确地将戏剧作为政治斗争的武器，用来推动黑人运动 His works: --The toilet，1963 盥洗室 --Dutchman, 1964 荷兰人 --The Slave, 1964 奴隶,,22,,Ed Bullins （1935）艾德布林斯 --6070年代的另一位左翼黑人作家， 曾被评论家称为“愤怒”的年轻人 His works: --How Do You Do? 1967 你好 --Electronic Nigger, 1967 电子黑鬼 --Death List, 1970 死亡名单,23,,,Adrienne Kennedy（1931）阿德里安娜肯尼迪 获得奥比戏剧奖的第一位黑人剧作家Her works： --Fun。