怎么写英语文章的Outline即提纲.ppt

Making an OutlineA Plan That Builds an EssayEssay ------------------- ---------------------IntroductionWhat is an outline ? Before you begin writing the firstdraft of your essay, it is best to makean outline. An outline is a generalplan of what you are going to write. You can compare making an outlineto drawing plans to build a house. Before one begins to build a house, itis best to draw up plans to make surethat a house is built in the way youwant. The same is true with writingan essay and making an outline. IntroductionThe Benefits of an Outline An outline of an essay can be very helpful for two reasons:n An outline will help make your essay more organized. A careful plan will help your body paragraphs stay focused on the ideas in your thesis statement.n An outline saves time for writers. Preparing an outline can take time, but when you are finished, you will be able to write the rough draft of your essay more quickly than if you didn’t have an outline.ExampleOutline Here is an example of how a blank outline might look:Essay OutlineI.IntroductionThesis: _____________________II.Body Paragraph #1- Topic Sentence: _____________A. supporting ideaB. supporting ideaIII.Body Paragraph #2- Topic Sentence: ____________A. supporting ideaB. supporting ideaIV.Body Paragraph #3- Topic Sentence: ____________A. supporting ideaB. supporting ideaV.ConclusionThe ProcessMaking an OutlineIn a formal outline,Roman numerals canbe used to representparagraphs. Capitalletters can be used torepresent supportingdetails for theparagraphs. Essay OutlineI. IntroductionThesis: ____________________II. Body Paragraph #1- Topic Sentence: _________A. supporting ideaB. supporting ideaIII. Body Paragraph #2- Topic Sentence: _________A. supporting ideaB. supporting ideaIV. Body Paragraph #3- Topic Sentence: _________A. supporting ideaB. supporting ideaV. ConclusionThe ProcessThesis StatementTo begin an outline, you need to start with your thesisstatement. The thesis statement will be your guidethroughout the process of writing your essay. From thethesis statement, you can begin writing the topic sentencesfor the body paragraphs in the outline.ESSAY OUTLINEThesis StatementTopic Sentence #1Topic Sentence #2Topic Sentence #3The ProcessTopic SentencesThe topic sentence for each body paragraphshould support the thesis statement. The topicsentences need to agree with the main idea orsubpoints in the thesis statement; otherwise,the essay could be confusing. Thesis Statement A job interview can often make or break your chances of getting your dream job. There are several things that you can do in an interview to increase the possibility of your success such as dressing properly, answering interview questions thoroughly, and asking good questions at the end of the interview.The ProcessTopic SentencesTopic Sentence Paragraph #1:The way you dress can have a big impact on an interview panel’s first impressions of you.Topic Sentence- Paragraph #2:An interview is an opportunity for potential employers to get to know you better, so it is important that you answer each question as completely as possible. Topic Sentence- Paragraph #3:By preparing some thoughtful questions for the end of the interview, you can show the panel that you have prepared for the interview and want the job.The ProcessSupporting DetailsUnder the topic sentence for each paragraph,list some of the supporting details, examples,or ideas you want to include in each paragraph. The ProcessSupporting DetailsII. Body Paragraph #1:Topic Sentence: The way you dress can have a big impact on an interview panel’s first impressions of you.A. Men and women should consider wearing dark suits.B. Conservative dress will show the interview panel you are serious about what you do.C. Don’t carry too many things into the interview. A notebook, pens, and/or laptop computer should be carried in a briefcase.D. Hair and nails should be clean and neat.supporting details,examples, and ideasI.Introduction- Thesis Statement: A job interview can often make or break your chances of getting your dream job. There are several things that you can do in an interview to increase the possibility of your success such as, dressing properly, answering interview questions thoroughly, and asking good questions at the end of the interview.II.Body Paragraph #1:Topic Sentence: The way you dress can have abig impact on an interview panel’s firstimpressions of you.A. Men and women should consider wearing dark suits.B. Conservative dress will show the interview panel you are serious about what you do.C. Don’t carry too many things into the interview. A notebook, pens, and/or laptop computer should be carried in a briefcase.D. Hair and nails should be clean and neat.III.Body Paragraph #2:Topic Sentence: An interview is an opportunityfor potential employers to get to know youbetter, so it is important that you answer eachquestion as completely as possible.A. Ask interviewers to repeat questions you don’t understand.B. Take some time to think about the questions before you answer.C. A notebook to write down key words in interview questions is sometimes helpful.IV.Body Paragraph #3:Topic Sentence: By preparing some thoughtfulquestions for the end of the interview, you canshow the panel that you have prepared for theinterview and want the job.A. Research the job and/or company before you go to the interview.B. The interview is your opportunity to get to know your potential employer. Ask questions about company goals, mission, expectations of employees, etc.C. Don’t ask questions about benefits or salary during the interview. You should try to get this information before you apply for the job.IV.Conclusion: Don’t underestimate the importance of a good interview.Example OutlineExample OutlineI.Introduction- Thesis Statement: II.Body Paragraph #1:Topic Sentence: There are many advantages to a vegetarian diet. A. Vegetarians ingest less fat and cholesterol and are therefore at less risk for heart disease. B. Vegetarians eat mostly fresh vegetables and are therefore less likely to ingest cancerous agents such as preservatives. I.C. Given sufficient space, egetarians can grow much of their own food, which is both safer and cheaper than buying it. II.D. Vegetarianism causes less damage to the environment. III. 1. Vegetables require less fuel and water than cattle. IV. 2. Farmers could produce more food if they did not devote so much farmland to cattle. V. 3. Vegetarians don't kill animals for food.VI. III. Body Paragraph #2:Topic Sentence: There are also some disadvantages to a vegetarian diet. A. Care is needed to avoid protein and vitamin deficiencies. 1. Vegetarians may need vitamin supplements. 2. Vegetarians are at more risk for anemia than meat eaters. B. Vegetarian diets are not a varied as others. 1. A complex combination of recipes is needed to keep the diet interesting. 2. It is difficult to get much variety in textures and tastes. C. It is difficult to be a vegetarian in a meat-eating society. 1. Vegetarians are often looked upon as cultists. 2. Vegetarians are sometimes thought to be self-righteous. Conclusion:Example OutlineExample Outline。