初中英语被动语态讲解-练习及答案2.pdf

1 被动语态一、 考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1.across, through 穿过across 指从一定范围的一边到另一边动作是在物体的表面进行常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等 eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行常用于门、窗户、森林等eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园2.ill ，sick“ 生病的 ” ill 只在系动词后作表语eg: Her mother was ill in bed. sick 既可作表语eg: Her mother was sick in bed. 也可作定语eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother. 若 ill 作定语，译为 “ 坏的，恶劣的 ”eg: an ill person 一个坏人sick 作表语时也常译为“ 恶心的，想吐的“eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car. 【固定搭配】动词 + 名词 / 代词 / 副词 + 介词make room for给.腾出地方eg: We can make room for her at this table. play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧eg: We can t play a joke on law. speak highly of称赞eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service .say good bye to 告别；告辞eg: I dont want to say good bye to them. take an active part in积极参加eg: They take an active part in school activities. take care of 照顾；照料；注意eg: Could you take care of my plants while Im on vacation? 【被动语态】（一）语态： 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者例如： Many people speak Chinese. 谓语： speak的动作是由主语many people 来执行的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象例如： Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语 English 是动词 speak的承受者二）被动语态的构成被动语态由 “ 助动词 be及物动词的过去分词” 构成 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成一般现在时： amisarespoken 一般过去时： waswere spoken 一般将来时： will shall be spoken 现在进行时： amisare being spoken 精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2 过去进行时： was/were being spoken 现在完成时： havehas beenspoken 过去完成时： had been + spoken （三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如： Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981. 这座桥竣工于1981 年2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者例如： The glass was broken by Mike. 玻璃杯是迈克打破的This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的Your homework must be finished on time. 你们的家庭作业必须及时完成四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语 变为被动语态的主语 2）把谓语 变成被动结构（ be过去分词 ） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格例如：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people . They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree . A tree was cut down by him. （五）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“ 情态动词 be过去分词 ” 构成We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. It should be done at once. （六）特殊情况1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday. 2.Mother never lets me watch TV . I am never let to watch TV by mother. 3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. （ 1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now. （ 2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.常见的句型结构：It is ( was) agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that. .大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）. It is ( was) well known that.众所周知It is ( was) taken for granted that.被视为当然It must be remembered that.务必记住 . 精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3 It mustnt be forgotten that .千万别忘记 . It is ( was) said( reported ，heard ，told ，suggested)that .据说 (报道、听说、告知、建议.) 二、典型例题（）1The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d （）2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will give D has given （）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught （）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as Peoples Writer. A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards （）5. Usually computers _to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used （）6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned （）7.一 Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一 YesIn fact，it _.Thats all because of the people and the factories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute （）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护 )the earth since Earth Day. A. is started B. was started C. has started （）9. -I feel very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations! A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen （） 10. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year ， and they made our school a beautiful garden Aplant Bplanted Chave planted Dwere planted （）11.Some famous paintings _in the hall next week. A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown （）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives （）13.-Great changes have taken place in this city. -Right. Many modern tall buildings have been _ these days. A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up 精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12。