2005-2012年考研英语历年真题及答案.pdf

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题S ection I:Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANS WER S HEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellerscompared with animals,_ 1_ this is largely because,_ 2_ animals,we stand upright.Thismeans that our noses are _ 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 themajority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact,5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of_ 7 human smells even whenthese are _ 8_ to far below one part in one million.S trangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,_9_ othersare sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have thegenes necessary to generate _ 10_ smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cellswhich sense smells and send _ 11_ to the brain.However,it has been found that even peopleinsensitive to a certain smell _ 12_ can suddenly become sensitive to it when _ 13 to it oftenenough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it _ 14 to keep all smellreceptors working all the time but can _ 15_ new receptors if necessary.This may _ 16_explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We arenot 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we _ 1 8_ new smells when we visitsomeone elses.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors _ 19 for unfamiliar andemergency signals _ 20_ the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.1.A althoughB as|C butD while2.A aboveB unlikeC excludingD besides3.A limitedBJ committedC dedicatedD confined4.A catchingB ignoringC missingD|tracking5.A anywayB thoughC insteadD therefore6.A even ifB|if onlyC only ifD as if7.A distinguishingB discoveringC determiningD detecting8.A dilutedB dissolvedC determiningD diffused9.A whenB sinceC forD|whereas10.A unusualB particularC uniqueD|typical11.A signsB stimuliC messagesD impulses12.A at firstB at allC at largeD at times13.A subjectedB leftC drawnD|exposed14.A ineffectiveBJ incompetentC inefficientD insufficient15.A introduceB summonC triggerD create16.A stillB alsoC otherwiseD nevertheless17.A sureB|sickC awareD tired18.A tolerateB repelC neglectD notice19.A availableB reliableC identifiableD suitable20.A similar toB such asC along withD|aside fromS ection II:Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B|,C orD.Mark your answers on ANS WER S HEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleaguehas been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even beoutraged.S uch behaviour is regarded as“all too human,“with the underlying assumption thatother animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study byS arah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just beenpublished in Nature,suggests that it all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.Theyare good-natured,cooperative creatures,and they share their food tardily.Above all,like theirfemale human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods andservices,than males.S uch characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnans andDr.de waaPs study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokensfor food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices ofcucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so thateach could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour becamemarkedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers).S o whenone monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hersover fbr a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide hertoken in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of thechamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed,the mere presence of a grape in theother chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to reduce resentment in a femalecapuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.Inthe wild,they are a cooperative,group living species.S uch cooperation is likely to be stable onlywhen each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,arenot the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelingsabundantly clear to other members of the group.However,whether such a sense of fairnessevolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it s。