英语文体学教案.docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑英语文体学教案 第 一 章 1.1 Definition of Stylistics Stylistics has long been considered as a highly significant but very discussible branch of learning. It is concerned with various disciplines such as linguistics, semantics, pragmatics and literature. The word stylistics( ?styl‘ component relates stylistic to literary criticism, and the ?istics‘ component to linguistics). So stylistics is the bridge of linguistics and literature. Stylistics is the study of literary discourse from a linguistic orientation.‖ (文体学是从语言学的角度研究文学语篇) Stylistics is an interdisciplined branch of learning which studies various differences between formal and informal, between deviant and normal, between magnificent and plain, between professional and popular, between foreign and domestic, between this and that individual. 1.2 The Development of Stylistics The date when stylistics became a field of academic inquiry is difficult to determine. However stylistics is often considered as both an old and a young branch of learning. It is old, because it originated from the ancient ―rhetoric‖. The famous ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle all contributed a lot to this branch of learning. It is young ,because the word ―stylistics‖ first appeared only in 1882, and the first book on stylistics was written by a French scholar Charles Bally in 1902 and was published in 1909: Traite de Stylistique Francaise. This book is often considered as a landmark of modern stylistics. Consequently, a number of more coherent and systematic works of both a theoretical and a practical nature were published in the field. The subject of study in Bally’s time was oral discourse. Bally considered that apart from the denotative meaning expressed by the speaker4, there was usually an “overtone” which indicated different “feelings”, and the task of stylistics was to find out the linguistic devices indicating these feelings. Later , the German scholar L.Spitzer(1887-1960), began to analyze literary works from a stylistic point of view, and therefore, Spitzer if often consider4ed as the “father of literary stylistics”. From the beginning of the 1930s to the end of the 1950s stylistics was developing slowly and was only confined to the European continent. From the end of the 1950s to the present time, modern stylistics has reached its prosperity. 1.3 Definitions of Style So style is an integral part of meaning. It gives us additional information about the speaker‘s/writer‘s regional and social origin, education, his relationship with the his/her reader, his feelings, emotions or attitudes. Without a sense of style we cannot arrive at a better understanding of an utterance 1）.Written---spoken in terms of channel 2）The Differences between Formal and Informal Language 3） modern----archaic in terms of time 4） normal----deviated in terms of degree of novelty 5）. common---professional in terms of technique（专业） 1 Homework: 1.What‘s stylistics? 2.What does stylistics study? 3.Say something about the development of stylistics. 4.Give examples to explain ―Proper words in proper places makes the true definition of a style.‖ 5.What does style study? 6.Give example to illustrate the differences between spoken-- written, formal–informal, modern–archaic, norm—deviated, common---professional. 第 二 章 1. Definition of meanings of meaning According to Leech (1974 English linguists), meanings of meaning can be broken into seven kinds: 1).Denotative meaning It refers to literal meaning, refers to diction meaning.(super meaning) 词的概念意义。

―概念意义‖是在语言交际中表达的根本意义.对概念意义的理解一般不会因人而异.概念意义可分解成若干‖语义成分‖,它是客观事物的反映或概括. 词义(denotation) 指词所表示的意义简朴地说，就是词典里所做的种种解释若是给词义下个科学定义，就是―说话的人和听话的人所共同了解的词所反映的事物、现象或关系‖ 词的意义―是客观事物或现象在人们意识中的概括的反映，是由应用这种语言的集体在使用过程中商定俗成的 2). Connotative meaning Connotative meaning refers to the meaning implied.词的涵义(通过语言所指事物来传递的意义) It refers to the meaning implied. The meaning attached to the denotation. Connotative meaning refers to all kinds of associations words may evoke, particularly in certain referential meaning of words 3). Stylistic meaning： Stylistic meaning refers to social circumstances.(social origin—where, social relation—how) We should be able to tell what his education, background, likes, dislikes. Stylistic meaning refers to social circumstances, refers to the time , place, where an article is written, where the speech is spoken, refers to environment, social origin of the speaker, social relationship between speaker and listener. When we hear a comment or a speech, we can predict a speaker‘s education background, hobbies, like and dislike and so on. 4). Affective meaning Affective meaning refers to emotion or the feeling expressed by the speaker or writer. 5). Reflected meaning ―反映意义‖的特点如下:有一些多义词,其中某一个含义会引起不好的联想或反映.因而成为禁忌词,有些词的反映意义是在语言运用中附加上去的.The re。