2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第125期.docx

2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Hillary Clinton on Tuesday stressed that the battle for（ ）equality and preventing violence against women needs to be a priority for both women and men.问题1选项A.scandalB.genderC.egoD.asset【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析scandal丑闻；gender性别；ego自我；asset资产由“and preventing violence against women 防止对妇女的暴力行为”可推知前半句是提倡男女平等故B项正确句意：希拉里•克林顿于本周二强调，男女平等和防止针对女性的暴力行为的斗争应该是男女双方的首要任务2. 单选题When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow- growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass（the amount of living biological matter）of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators（animals that kill and eat other animals）in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50%"of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to be business.1. The writer mentions the extinction of large prehistoric animals to suggest that（ ）.2. It can be inferred from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that（ ）.3. Dr. Worm’s comment of “these figures are conservative”（Line 1, Paragraph 3）means（ ）.4. Dr. Myers and other researchers maintain that（ ）.5. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’（ ）.问题1选项A.large animal were vulnerable to the changing environmentB.small species survived as large animals disappearedC.large sea animals may face the same threat todayD.Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones问题2选项A.the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the oldB.the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%C.the catch sizes in new fisheries are only\20% of the original amountD.there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago问题3选项A.the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recordedB.the marine biomass has suffered a greater lossC.the data collected so far are out of dateD.fishing technology has improved rapidly问题4选项A.people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation.B.people should look for a baseline that can't work for a longer timeC.fisheries should keep their yield below 50% of the biomassD.the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level问题5选项A.technological applicationB.management efficiencyC.catch-size limitsD.biomass level【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。

根据题干信息可定位到原文第一段文章通过讲述史前人类到达新地方时，大型动物会突然灭绝，进而引出讨论的话题，即海洋生物也会在人类来临之后面临灭绝的危险因此，本题正确答案为C选项2.推理判断题根据原文第二段“…the biomass of large predators（animals that kill and eat other animals）in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.”可知，一个新的渔场在被开发后的15年中大型捕食类鱼种的生物量平均减少了 80% 在有些长期捕捞的地区，自那以后，这个数量又减少了一半（剩余20%的一半），因此一共下降了 90% ；故B选项表述。