五、施工中的困难及解决方法 - China Rescue and Salvage(PPT-39).ppt

南海Ⅰ号”古沉船 整体打捞 Integral Salvage of the Ancient Sunken Vessel “Nanhai No.1“ 广州打捞局 Guangzhou Salvage 2008-8-28“南海Ⅰ号”为上世纪80年代发现于阳江 海域的宋代沉船，是迄今为止我国发现的海上 沉船中年代最早、船体最大、保存最完整的远 洋贸易商船Nanhai No.1”, the ancient sunken vessel of Song Dynasty, which was found at 1980s in Yangjiang sea area. She is the oldest and biggest ocean trading boat and is conserved the most perfectly among Chinese ocean sunken boats.一、一、“ “南海南海ⅠⅠ号号” ”简介简介 Introduction of “Introduction of “NanhaiNanhai No.1” No.1”“南海I号”古沉船主尺度：约为 30.4m×9.8m×4.2m；船体材料为木质；装载物以瓷器 为主；沉没时间约为800年前；沉船地点为广东上川岛 附近海域，N20º30.618’，E112º22.176’。

The Dimension of “Nanhai No.1” is 30.4m×9.8m×4.2m. The vessel was made of wood and was carrying porcelain when it sunk about 800 years ago. The location of the sunken vessel was near Shangchuan Island area of Guangdong, which is N20º30.618’，E112º22.176’.一、一、“ “南海南海ⅠⅠ号号” ”简介简介 Introduction of “Introduction of “NanhaiNanhai No.1” No.1”“南海I号” 沉态为正沉；埋泥情况为两舷埋入泥面约1m，艏艉 凝结物露出泥面约1～2m；现场水深为22～24m；海底地质为表层为 淤泥，下层为淤泥质土；水下能见度为每年3～4月能见度稍好，其 它月份基本为零；现场流速为流向西南，最大流速0.7m/sNanhai No.1” was laying at the seabed vertically and the shipboards of both side was 1 meter deep inside the mud. The coagulum on the bow and stern was 1 to 2 meters above the mud. Water deep of that area was 22 to 24 meters. The surface of the seabed was silt and the lower level was argillaceous soil. During March and April each year, the visibility underwater was fairly good, however during the rest of the year, the visibility was equal to zero. The current direction was southwest, and the maximum speed was 0.7m/s. 一、一、“ “南海南海ⅠⅠ号号” ”简介简介打捞出来的文物打捞出来的文物 Culture Relic of “Culture Relic of “NanhaiNanhai No.1” No.1”2003年首次提出整体打捞方案，其基本思路是：• 对沉船的水下位置进行精确定位并且施打定位桩；• 将一无底的钢沉井沿定位桩吊放到古沉船船体四周并下沉 到预定位置，从而将古沉船整个罩入其中；A general salvage plan which was put forward for the first time in 2003, the basic conception of it lied in that:•precise positioning of the sunken vessel’s underwater location first and then positioning pile driving. •A bottomless steel caisson was lifted, put down around the wreck along the positioning pile, then let it go down at a preconcerted position in order to make the boat stay in side the caisson.二、整体打捞方案的提出二、整体打捞方案的提出 Salvage in Integrity Plan StatementSalvage in Integrity Plan Statement•开挖沉井周围泥土并将用来承托古沉船的数条底托梁横穿过沉井底部的预 留孔洞，从而构成一个带底的钢箱体将古沉船全部包裹起来；•将沉井连同其内的沉船以及船体周围起保护作用的泥土一起吊离海底，并 将其落座于半潜驳上;•将半潜驳浮起，就可将载有沉船的全潜驳拖运到指定地点进行考古发掘。

3. Excavating the soil surrounding the open caissons and several bottom-supporting beams which were supporting the ancient sunken vessel were put through the reserve holes in the bottom of the open caisson, so that the ancient sunken boat was covered by a covered steel box.•The caisson, inside which the boat with protected mud surrounding, was lifted away from the seabed and put on a semi- submersible. •Semi-submersible was then floated and towed to an appointed place for archaeological excavation. 二、整体打捞方案的提出二、整体打捞方案的提出 Salvage in Integrity Plan StatementSalvage in Integrity Plan Statement三、总体打捞工艺流程 Technical process of Salvage in Integrity详细探摸、确定沉详细探摸、确定沉 船尺寸船尺寸钢沉井设计、制造钢沉井设计、制造 沉船周围凝结物清理沉船周围凝结物清理钢沉井定位、下沉钢沉井定位、下沉钢沉井外侧土钢沉井外侧土 开挖开挖 底托梁穿引底托梁穿引 保泥、保水措施保泥、保水措施 上下沉井分离钢沉箱起浮钢沉箱起浮 钢沉箱拉移、进钢沉箱拉移、进 驻水晶宫驻水晶宫 Detection and confirming sunken boat sizeDesign and construction of steel caission Cleaning CoagulumPositioning and sinking of steel caisson Digging of the mud around caisson Thrilling of bottom joistsMud and water reserved methods Separation of upper and lower caissionFloating of steel caission Dragging and moving steel caisson to Crystal Palace 集多种功能和复杂工艺于一体的巨型钢沉井Huge Steel Caisson with multifunction and complex techniques “南海I号”的整体打捞史无前例，没有任何的工程经验可以借鉴， 工程中主要存在着几方面的难点：•钢沉井长度方向每边仅1.3m余量，宽度方向每边1.1m余量，定位要非常 精确；•钢沉井下沉静压力比较大，静压下沉的控制比较困难；Since there was no similar case or experience before “Nanhai No.1” Salvage, main difficulties were as follows:•There was only 1.3m leeway of each side of the net length and 1.1m leeway of each side of the net width of the steel caisson;•Static pressure of down-pressing process of the caisson was large and the process was hard to control; 四、工程的难点 Difficulties of the Project•底托梁穿引的轴线允许偏差仅10cm，穿引过程中其轴线的控制难度非 常大；•钢沉箱的起浮重量达5386吨，亚洲第一吊“华天龙”起重能力仅4000 吨，钢沉箱的起浮也是一大难点。

3. Axial deviation of bottom joist thrilling must be controlled within 10cm, so that the control of axial was very difficult;4. Floating weight of steel caisson reached to 5386t but the lifting ability of Hua Tian Long was only 4000t, so that it increased the lifting and floating of the steel caisson another problem.四、工程的难点 1.凝结物的清理 “南海I号”古沉船的表面及周围存在大量的凝结物，这些凝 结物的硬度较大，会阻碍打捞沉井的吊放与下沉，因此需要 对凝结物进行清理 1.Cleaning CoagulumThere was a lot of coagulum on the surface and surroundings of Nanhai No.1. The coagulum was so hard that it would hinder the lifting and down-pression of the caisson, in this case, coagulum cleaning was needed.五、施工中的困难及解决方法Difficulties and Solutions During Salvage 清理方案：首先采用气升式抽泥器清除凝结物表面的淤泥，接着在 凝结。