艺术生英语E英语教程第二册Unit 1ppt课件.ppt

Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1Listening and speakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressContent2Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslPronunciation and listening skills lConversationslPassageListening and speaking3Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPronouncing fricatives properlyPronouncing fricatives properlyThe pronunciations of the fricatives ( 摩擦音 ) in each group are difficult to distinguish. Listen carefully and check (✔✔) the words you hear. Then read these words and try to make clear their differences. Tips发￿/f/￿和￿/v/￿这两个摩擦音时，上齿应接触下唇。

发￿/θ/￿和￿/ð/￿这两个摩擦音时，舌尖应置于上下齿之间发￿/s/￿和￿/z/￿这两个摩擦音时，舌尖应抵齿龈另外，因为￿/v/、￿/ð/￿和￿/z/￿这三个音是浊辅音，读时声带应振动1 few — view3 fine — vine5 rice — rise7 sick — thick9 mouse — mouth2 safe — save4 bath — bathe6 bus — buzz8 sing — thing10 breeze — breathe✔✔✔✔✔✔✔✔✔✔4Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressTipsl/f/ 和/v/ /f/ 和/v/ 是唇齿音发/f/ 时，上齿轻轻咬住下唇内侧，将气流从唇齿的缝隙间轻轻吹出来；/v/ 的发音和/f/ 大致相同，发此音时，上齿轻轻咬住下唇内侧，再用力将气从唇齿的缝隙中吹出来，但需要振动声带。

l/θ/ 和/ð/ /θ/ 和/ð/是齿间音发/θ/ 时，双唇微开，舌头伸出来，上下齿轻咬住舌尖，将气流从牙齿的缝隙中吹出来发/ð/ 时，双唇微开，上下齿轻咬住舌尖，让气流尽量被上下齿堵住，只允许少量气体从牙齿缝隙中吹出来，同时振动声带发出声音Pronouncing fricatives properlyPronouncing fricatives properly5Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressTipsl/s/ 和/z/是齿龈音发 /s/ 时，舌尖及舌中靠近上齿龈，其间形成窄缝，气流从窄缝中流出，摩擦成音，但只送气不振动声带；发/z/ 和发/s/ 时的舌形和口形相同，不同的是发此音时声带需要振动，但不送气Pronouncing fricatives properlyPronouncing fricatives properly6Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressConversationsConversationslConversation 1lConversation 2Functional languageExercisesExercisesFunctional language7Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhat do you know about Jason?1.1. Listen to a conversation and complete the following sentences with what you hear.Word tipsdemanding adj. 要求高的 colleague n. 同事open-minded adj. 开明的complain v. 抱怨Conversation 1 Conversation 1 - Expressing satisfaction- Expressing satisfactionl He gets a lot of 4) __________ at work.l He is 1) __________ with his work as usual.lHe works in one of the world’s 2) __________ companies, which is quite demanding.lHe’s been working in this company for 3)__________ years.busytop 500over twofun8Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1 He has a big office.2.2. Listen again and check (✔✔) the reasons why Jason feels satisfied with his present job.✔✔✘✘✔✔2 He is well-paid.3 His boss is open-minded.Conversation 1 Conversation 1 - Expressing satisfaction- Expressing satisfaction✔✔4 His colleagues are helpful.✘✘5 His job provides good opportunities for promotion.✘✘6 There is not much pressure at his work.9Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressJason: Anna:  Jason:  Anna: Jason: Anna: Jason:  Anna: Jason: Anna: Hi, Anna, how’s it going?Not too bad. I haven’t seen you for some time. What have you been doing lately, Jason?Same as usual, I’m still busy with my work. You know, working in one of the world’s top 500 companies is quite demanding. How long have you been working in this company?Over two years.Are you satisfied with your present job?Yes, I am quite pleased with it. I have a big office, some helpful colleagues, and an open-minded boss. There is nothing to complain about.It seems that you have a lot of fun at work. Yes, it’s just what I wanted from work. You are really lucky!ScriptsConversation 1 Conversation 1 - Expressing satisfaction- Expressing satisfaction10Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language.Situation 1B had dinner last night in the restaurant that A had recommended. Now they are talking about the restaurant and B expresses his / her satisfaction with everything there.Situation 2A and B are talking about a painting A has just finished. B feels quite satisfied with the painting.GUIDED CONVERSATIONA: Ask for B’s opinion about the restaurant / painting.B: Speak highly of the restaurant / painting.A: Ask why B feels satisfied with the restaurant / painting.B: Give reasons for your satisfaction.A: Show agreement / thanks.(Sample)(Sample)Conversation 1 Conversation 1 - Expressing satisfaction- Expressing satisfaction11Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAnn: Betty: Ann: Betty: Ann: Betty: Ann: Hi, Betty! How was your dinner last night? Great! My friend and I like it very much. Thanks for your recommendation.Oh, really? Could you tell me why you like it? The restaurant is filled with a cozy atmosphere and it is quite relaxing to be there. Yes, I have the same feeling with you. Moreover, the food is very delicious and the service is pretty good.Yeah, I totally agree with you.Role play - Sample conversationSituation 1Conversation 1 Conversation 1 - Expressing satisfaction- Expressing satisfaction12Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAnn: Brown: Ann: Brown: Ann: Brown: Ann: Good morning, Professor Brown.Good morning. I have just finished a painting. Could you please take a look at it?Sure. Hmm, this is a very satisfying one. I like it very much.Really? Why do you say so?It shows your personality and can arouse the viewer’s imagination. I’m glad to see the improvement in your painting, Ann!Thank you very much!Role play - Sample conversationSituation 2Conversation 1 Conversation 1 - Expressing satisfaction- Expressing satisfaction13Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressFunctional LanguageEXPRESSING SATISFACTIONI’m satisfied / content with...I’m really pleased / delighted with...I’m so happy with…I’m glad to see…… is good / satisfactory / satisfying.I like... very much. I enjoy... very much. Conversation 1Conversation 1 - Expressing satisfaction- Expressing satisfaction14Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.1. Listen to a conversation and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).Word tipsfed up adj. 厌烦的；不满的stressed out adj. 焦虑紧张的promotion n. 晋升；提升pick on 故意刁难dwell on 老是想着positive adj. 积极的1.Jack isn’t satisfied with his present work.TFT2.The sales goal is always possible for Jack to achieve.3.Miss Green enjoys picking on Jack.Conversation 2 Conversation 2 - - Expressing dissatisfactionExpressing dissatisfaction15Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express2.2. Listen again and match the people in Column A with the information in Column B.Conversation 2 Conversation 2 - - Expressing dissatisfactionExpressing dissatisfactionColumn AColumn Bwants to increase sales. feels a bit fed up.managed to find some time to jog.JackJaneMiss Green16Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressJane:Jack:Jane:Jack: Jane:Jack:Jane:Jack:Jane:You don’t look very cheerful. What’s the matter, Jack?Oh, nothing special, Jane. I’m just a bit fed up.With your job? Aren’t you satisfied with your present work?No, I’m under a lot of pressure at work. My boss always wants me to increase sales. Sometimes the sales goal is almost impossible to achieve. I’m not pleased with it. I used to feel stressed out like you but I managed to find some time to jog every morning. It did work.Maybe I should try it. But you know, I am very busy. The work here is really tiring.Cheer up! Maybe being busy means there are more opportunities for a promotion. I hope so. But Miss Green, my boss, enjoys picking on me. I really can’t stand it. Stop dwelling on it. Think about the positive side of your work and you will feel better then. ScriptsConversation 2 Conversation 2 - - Expressing dissatisfactionExpressing dissatisfaction17Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language. Situation 1A is telling B that he / she is disappointed with the living conditions of the dorm.Situation 2A is telling B that he / she is dissatisfied with his / her own performance in the basketball game this afternoon.GUIDED CONVERSATIONA: Show dissatisfaction with the dorm / performance in the basketball game. B: Ask for the reason.A: Tell B the reason.B: Encourage A to be positive / confident. A: Show thanks.(Sample)(Sample)Conversation 2 Conversation 2 - - Expressing dissatisfactionExpressing dissatisfaction18Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAnn: Betty: Ann: Betty: Ann: Betty: Ann: Hi, Betty.Hi, Ann. It seems you are not in a good mood. What’s wrong?I don’t really like living in the dorm. I wish I could move into an apartment and live on my own. What happened?The dorm is too crammed and noisy. I just can’t stand it. I see. What you said is true. But it is fun to live with your friends and classmates. Besides, it’s safer and more convenient to live in the dorm.You are right. Thanks for talking with me.Role play - Sample conversationSituation 1Conversation 2 Conversation 2 - - Expressing dissatisfactionExpressing dissatisfaction19Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressJack: Henry: Jack: Henry: Jack:  Henry: Hi, buddy! You look very down in the mouth. What’s the matter?I’m dissatisfied with my performance in the basketball game this afternoon.Oh, what happened?I only got two points. It never happened to me before. I’m really disappointed.Come on. That’s just one game. You still have chances in the future. What’s the most important is that you are having fun from playing basketball.I guess you are right. Thank you!Role play - Sample conversationSituation 2Conversation 2 Conversation 2 - - Expressing dissatisfactionExpressing dissatisfaction20Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressFunctional LanguageEXPRESSING DISSATISFACTIONI’m displeased / discontented / dissatisfied / disappointed with… I’m really disappointed. I don’t really like…Sorry, but… is not satisfactory.… is not very nice / good enough.Conversation 2 Conversation 2 - - Expressing dissatisfactionExpressing dissatisfaction21Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.1. Listen to a passage and complete the following table with what you hear.Word tipsideal adj. 理想的academic adj. 学业的calendar n. 日程表vacation n. 假期reflection n. 深思motivate v. 激励；驱使PassagePassage1 Different people have different ideal jobs because everyone has his own interest.T TF FT T2 The speaker has decided to become a teacher partly because he can earn a lot of money.3 To the speaker, being a teacher can make him improve with the students.22Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express2.2. Listen again and answer the following questions by filling in the blanks with what you hear.PassagePassage1 For how many reasons does the speaker choose to be a teacher?__________.2 What can the two long vacations offer the speaker?They could offer him a(n) ____________ for reflection, research, and writing.3 What kind of opportunity does the job of teaching provide for the speaker?The opportunity to motivate himself to keep on __________. Threeopportunitylearning23Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressThere are various kinds of jobs in the world, such as writing, nursing, teaching, and engineering. But different people choose different jobs as their ideal careers. This is because everyone has his own interest. As for me, I have made up my mind to be a teacher. I choose to do so mainly for three reasons: Firstly, I like the pace of the academic calendar. Two long vacations offer me an opportunity for reflection, research, and writing. Secondly, I can have the opportunity to motivate myself to keep on learning. Finally, being around the students who are beginning to change and grow, I can get improvement too.ScriptsPassagePassage24Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express3.3.Work in pairs to do the following activities.PassagePassage1 Match the jobs with the following pictures. A scientistB workerC singerD teacherE reporter____________________________________________________________________F football player________________25Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express3.3.Work in pairs to do the following activities.PassagePassage2 What’s your ideal job? Describe it to your partner. 3 List three reasons for your choice.My ideal job is to be a news reporter. It will offer me opportunities to go to different places to interview different people and report to the audience. I choose to be a news reporter mainly for three reasons. First, I am always interested in amazing news. Second, I like talking with different people. It can bring me opportunities to communicate with people and get new ideas and thoughts from them. Third, I like traveling. Being a reporter may bring me opportunities to visit different places.26Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslPassage AlPassage BWhen I grow upFootball – the game of lifeReading27Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen I grow uplLead-inlText studylExercisesPassage A28Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow upLead-inlExtended readinglPre-reading questionslVideo appreciationlOverview29Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressLead-in- Video appreciationPassage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow upIce Princess30Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express 拾荒记 三毛在我的小学时代里，我个人最拿手的功课就是作文和美术。

当时，我们全科老师是一个教学十分认真而又严厉的女人她很少给我们下课，自己也不回办公室去，连中午吃饭的时间，她都舍不得离开我们，我们一面静悄悄的吃便当，一面还得洗耳恭听老师习惯性的骂人我是常常被指名出来骂的一个一星期里也只有两堂作文课是我太平的时间也许老师对我的作文实在是有些欣赏，她常常忘了自己叫骂我时的种种可厌的名称，一上作文课，就会说：“三毛，快快写，写完了站起来朗诵有一天老师出了一个每学期都会出的作文题目，叫我们好好发挥，并且说：“应该尽量写得有理想才好等到大家都写完了，下课时间还有多，老师坐在教室右边的桌上低头改考卷，顺口就说：“三毛，站起来将你的作文念出来Lead-in- Extended readingPassage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up31Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express小小的我捧了簿子大声朗读起来。

“我的志愿—— 我有一天长大了，希望做一个拾破烂的人，因为这种职业，不但可以呼吸新鲜的空气，同时又可以大街小巷的游走玩耍，一面工作一面游戏自由快乐得如同天上的飞鸟更重要的是，人们常常不知不觉的将许多还可以利用的好东西当作垃圾丢掉，拾破烂的人最愉快的时刻就是将这些蒙尘的好东西再度发掘出来，这······” 念到这儿，老师顺手丢过来一只黑板擦，打到了坐在我旁边的同学，我一吓，也放下本子不再念了，呆呆的等着受罚 “什么文章嘛！你······”老师大吼一声她喜怒无常的性情我早已习惯了，可是在作文课上对我这样发脾气还是不太常有的 “乱写！乱写！什么拾破烂的！将来要拾破烂，现在书也不必念了，滚出去好了，对不对得起父母······”老师又大拍桌子惊天动地的喊 Lead-in- Extended readingPassage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up32Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express“重写！别的同学可以下课。

她瞪了我一眼便出去了于是，我又写： “我有一天长大了，希望做一个夏天卖冰棒，冬天卖烤红薯的街头小贩，因为这种职业不但可以呼吸新鲜空气，又可以大街小巷的游走玩耍，更重要的是，一面做生意，一面可以顺便看看，沿街的垃圾箱里，有没有被人丢弃的好东西，这……” 第二次作文缴上去，老师划了个大红叉，当然又丢下来叫重写结果我只好胡乱写着：“我长大要做医生，拯救天下万民……”老师看了十分感动，批了个甲，并且说：“这才是一个有理想，不辜负父母期望的志愿 我那可爱的老师并不知道，当年她那一只打偏了的黑板擦和两次重写的处罚，并没有改悼我内心坚强的信念，这许多年来，我虽然没有真正以拾荒为职业，可是我是拾着垃圾长大的，越拾越专门，这个习惯已经根深蒂固，什么处罚也改不了我当初胡说的什么拯救天下万民的志愿是还给老师保存了 （节选）- Extended readingPassage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow upLead-in33Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPre-reading questionsPassage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up1. 1. Match the interest areas in the left column with the possible careers in the right column.If you are interested in …then you might like to be a(n) ...singer/dancer/composerflight attendant (航空服务员) / tour guideprogrammer/network engineer/ software engineerathlete/personal trainer/bodyguardjudge / policeman / lawyerlawsportsmusiccomputerstraveling34Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.What did you dream to be when you were young? And how about now?2.Do you think you can realize your dream? Why or why not?Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up2. 2. Work in groups to discuss the following questions.Pre-reading questions35Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressLead-inWe may often be asked by others: What do you want to be when you grow up? What is your dream? The answer is likely to be different at each stage of our life because we are growing and changing all the time. But what is the eternal pursuit of life? On the way to finding the answer, we work hard for our goals, we cooperate with and rely on others, and we learn to appreciate both success and failure, just like in a football game. After going through all these experiences, we might come to the conclusion: Whatever path we may follow in life, happiness is the ultimate destination.Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up- Overview36Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressText studylOrganization of the textlLanguage pointslText readingPassage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up37Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage APassage AWhen I Grow up1.In kindergarten, my class was asked, “What do you want to be when you grow up?” Crayons danced across sheets of paper to illustrate our dream jobs. Our drawings were hung in the hall way for our parents to see at Back to School Night. I remember looking down the line and seeing pictures of ballet dancers dancing, firefighters putting out a big fire, and spacemen leaping across the moon—jobs that were seen as typical dreams of five-year-olds.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________38Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage APassage A2.My picture showed a stick figure with brown hair holding a bottle of orange juice over something like a counter. Underneath was my hardly readable handwriting: When I grow up, I want to work at the Market Basket because it would be fun to swipe orange juice across the scanner at the checkout counter. To this day my parents won’t let me forget that out of everything I could have wished to be, my five-year-old self wished to work at the local grocery store.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________When I Grow up__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________39Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage APassage A3.When we are young, questions of what we want to be when we grow up are common. Yet we are not expected to respond with an answer that is likely to come true. When we become teens, we are asked the very same question twice as often. The difference is that we are supposed to answer with confidence. 4.As teenagers, we are expected to know exactly what we want to be and how we are going to achieve that goal. Not all of us can be so sure. Even though I am in high school, I cannot answer confidently. But I don’t consider that a bad thing. How am I supposed to know what I will want to spend my time doing at age 40?When I Grow up_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________40Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage APassage AWhen I Grow up5.When I think about the future, I definitely don’t see myself working at the Market Basket, but in reality, if that was what would make me happy, I would do it. So, the next time someone asks me what I want to be when I grow up, I will simply say “happy.”6.Happiness is a destination for everyone. We may want to take different paths in life, but we all want to be happy wherever we end up. Choose your path, but don’t worry too much about whether your choice is right or not. Make a mistake or two and try new things. But always remember: If you’re not happy, you’re not at the end of your journey yet.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________41Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressOrganization of the textStructurePart I (Para. ______)Part II (Para. ______)Part III (Para. ______)1-23-45-6My uncommon and “foolish” childhood dream jobAs teenager, I am not quite confident about the same question.Whatever career one chooses, happiness is the real destination.Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up42Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressCrayons danced across sheets of paper to illustrate our dream jobs. 彩色蜡笔在纸上飞舞，描绘着我们梦想的工作。

dance:二十一世纪见证了许多科学发现和发明The twenty-first century sees a lot of scientific discoveries and inventions.在这里是拟人用法类似例子还有：(Line 3, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up句型：to illustrate our dream jobs动词不定式做目的状语，是dance的目的43Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressOur drawings were hung in the hall way for our parents to see at Back to School Night. 我们的画被挂在走廊里，好让我们的父母在“返校之夜”可以看到。

Line 5, Para. 1)句型：in：prep. 表地点，for：prep. 引导逻辑主语，to：to inf. 动词不定式表目的，at：prep. 表示具体的时间Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up44Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressI remember looking down the line and seeing pictures of ballet dancers dancing, firefighters putting out a big fire, and spacemen leaping across the moon—jobs that were seen as typical dreams of five-year-olds.我记得放眼望去，有的画上是正在跳舞的芭蕾舞演员，有的是正在扑灭大火的消防员，有的是正在月球上跳跃行走的宇航员，这些工作都是五岁孩子梦想中的工作。

Remember我记得出门时把灯关了I remember turning off the lights when I left home.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事remember to do sth. 记得要干某事(Line 7, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up请离开时记得关灯Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave45Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressI remember looking down the line and seeing pictures of ballet dancers dancing, firefighters putting out a big fire, and spacemen leaping across the moon—jobs that were seen as typical dreams of five-year-olds.用法相近的单词 1我在回家的路上停下来买面包。

I stopped to buy bread on the way home.stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的某事(Line 7, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up他必须得停止考虑这件事 He have to stop thinking about it.46Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressI remember looking down the line and seeing pictures of ballet dancers dancing, firefighters putting out a big fire, and spacemen leaping across the moon—jobs that were seen as typical dreams of five-year-olds.用法相近的单词 2办公室里的灯还在亮着。

他忘了关灯The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.forget to do 忘记要去做forget doing 忘记做过某事 (Line 7, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up他忘记是否关灯了He forgot turning the light off.47Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressI remember looking down the line and seeing pictures of ballet dancers dancing, firefighters putting out a big fire, and spacemen leaping across the moon—jobs that were seen as typical dreams of five-year-olds.用法相近的单词 3你必须尽量更仔细些。

You must try to be more careful.try to do 设法或努力去做某事try doing 尝试着做某事 (Line 7, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up我尝试了做园丁工作但没有成功I tried gardening but didn’t succeed.48Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressI remember looking down the line and seeing pictures of ballet dancers dancing, firefighters putting out a big fire, and spacemen leaping across the moon—jobs that were seen as typical dreams of five-year-olds.用法相近的单词 4我很遗憾必须这么做，但没有其他选择。

I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.regret to do 对要做的事情遗憾 regret doing 对做过的事情遗憾，后悔(Line 7, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up我不后悔告诉了她我的想法I don’t regret telling her what I thought.49Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressI remember looking down the line and seeing pictures of ballet dancers dancing, firefighters putting out a big fire, and spacemen leaping across the moon—jobs that were seen as typical dreams of five-year-olds.用法相近的单词 5我想走，但我父亲不会允许我走。

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.mean to do 打算，想mean doing 意味着(Line 7, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up那样做意味着浪费时间Doing that means wasting time.50Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressI remember looking down the line and seeing pictures of ballet dancers dancing, firefighters putting out a big fire, and spacemen leaping across the moon—jobs that were seen as typical dreams of five-year-olds.用法相近的单词 6我们吃完晚饭，接着看电视。

We had supper and went on to watch TV.go on to do 放下手中的活，继续去做别的活go on doing 继续做原来做的活 (Line 7, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up他没有休息，继续工作He didn’t have a rest and went on working.51Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressI remember looking down the line and seeing pictures of ballet dancers dancing, firefighters putting out a big fire, and spacemen leaping across the moon—jobs that were seen as typical dreams of five-year-olds.用法相近的单词 7她不敢叫醒丈夫。

She was afraid to wake her husband up. be afraid to do 不敢做某事，主观原因是“怕，胆怯” be afraid doing 担心出现doing 所指的状况或结果，doing 是客观造成的结果，意为“生怕”“恐怕”(Line 7, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up她怕把丈夫弄醒了She was afraid of waking her husband.52Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressMy picture showed a stick figure with brown hair holding a bottle of orange juice over something like a counter. 我画的是一个留着棕色头发的人物线条，她站在柜台后，手里拿着一瓶橙汁。

主语：my picture；谓语：showed；宾语：a stick figure；定语：with brown hair；现代分词做后置定语：holding a bottle of orange juice over something like a counter. 句型分析： (Line 1, Para. 2)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up53Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressUnderneath was my hardly readable handwriting: When I grow up, I want to work at the Market Basket because it would be fun to swipe orange juice across the scanner at the checkout counter. 画的下面是我那难以辨认的字：长大后，我想在杂货市场工作，因为在收银台旁边用扫描仪扫橙汁的条形码会很有趣。

倒装句Underneath副词作状语前置句子的主语是my hardly readable handwriting.(Line 4, Para. 2)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up54Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressTo this day. my parents won’t let me forget that out of everything I could have wished to be, my five-year-old self wished to work at the local grocery store.至今，我的父母都不会让我忘记：在所有我可以希望拥有的工作当中，五岁的我只是想在当地的食品杂货市场工作有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。

Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 一、表示主观猜测：即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能已经······，有时需根据具体语境来翻译could have:(Line 1, Para. 8)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up55Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressTo this day. my parents won’t let me forget that out of everything I could have wished to be, my five-year-old self wished to work at the local grocery store.他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。

They can’t have gone out because the light’s on.该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句，而could可以用于肯定句Line 1, Para. 8)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up56Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressTo this day. my parents won’t let me forget that out of everything I could have wished to be, my five-year-old self wished to work at the local grocery store.我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。

I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.二、表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以、本来能够”等could have:(Line 1, Para. 8)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up57Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressTo this day. my parents won’t let me forget that out of everything I could have wished to be, my five-year-old self wished to work at the local grocery store.她本来可能伤得很严重。

She could have been seriously injured.三、表示未曾实现的可能性：即表示过去本来可能发生的情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以、本来可能” 等could have:(Line 1, Para. 8)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up58Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressTo this day. my parents won’t let me forget that out of everything I could have wished to be, my five-year-old self wished to work at the local grocery store.我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。

你为什么不向我提出? I could have lent you the money. Why didn't you ask me?四、表示未曾实现的想法、选择，即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图，但实际上没有实现，通常译为“本来可以”could have:(Line 1, Para. 8)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up59Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressTo this day. my parents won’t let me forget that out of everything I could have wished to be, my five-year-old self wished to work at the local grocery store.你本可以早点动身的。

You could have started a little earlier. 五、表示批评或责备：即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事，但实际上却没有做成，含有批评和责备的意味，通常译为“本来应该”、“本来可以”等could have:(Line 1, Para. 8)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up60Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressTo this day. my parents won’t let me forget that out of everything I could have wished to be, my five-year-old self wished to work at the local grocery store.你如早来一点，就会帮上我们了。

If you had come sooner, you could have helped us.七、用于虚拟语气：在虚拟条件句中，当谈论过去的情况时，其句型通常是：主句用“could / would / should /might +have+过去分词”，从句用过去完成时could have:(Line 1, Para. 8)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up61Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen we are young, questions of what we want to be when we grow up are common.小时候，我们通常会被问到长大了想干什么的问题question of 后面接的是关系代词 what 引导的宾语从句。

类似的用法还有：(Line 1, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow upCan you give us a description of what has happened?She was excited by what she had seen.62Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen we become teens, we are asked the very same question twice as often. 当我们十几岁时，别人问我们这个问题的次数是以前的两倍1) n times +形容词/副词的比较级+than…： times是用来表示“乘”的（used to indicate multiplication）n times就是“乘以n”的意思。

不论在任何句型中都包括基数100%在内 表达倍数关系的方法(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up亚洲比欧洲大3倍Asia is four times larger than Europe.63Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen we become teens, we are asked the very same question twice as often. 2) n times +形容词/副词的原级+as是······的n倍表达倍数关系的方法(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up氧原子的重量几乎是氢原子的16倍。

The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen atom.64Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen we become teens, we are asked the very same question twice as often. 3) n times + the size (length, height) of …表示大小、长度、高度等是······的n倍表达倍数关系的方法(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up上海大约有长沙的4倍那么大Shanghai is about 4 times the size of Changsha. 65Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen we become teens, we are asked the very same question twice as often. 3) by + n times 表达倍数关系的方法(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up钢产量已增加了一倍。

The steel output has increased by two times.减少到1/3 或减少了2/3reduce by 3 times66Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen we become teens, we are asked the very same question twice as often. 5) “倍数+upon/over”结构表示“增加到n倍，增加了或超过了（n-1）倍”表达倍数关系的方法(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up今年我们工厂的产量是1999年的10倍The industrial output in our factory this year is ten times over that of 1999.他是你年龄的5倍。

He is five times upon your age. 67Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen we become teens, we are asked the very same question twice as often. 6) 增减意义的动词+倍数 应为“增加到原来的n倍”或 “增加了（n-1）倍” 表达倍数关系的方法(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up该县棉花产量增加了3倍The cotton output in the county has increased four times. 电视机销售量增加了2倍半The sales of TV set have risen 3.5 times.68Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen we become teens, we are asked the very same question twice as often. 7) “表示增减意义的词+to+倍数”句型常译为“增（降）至n倍” 表达倍数关系的方法(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up学生人数增加到3倍。

The number of the students has increased to three times. 69Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen we become teens, we are asked the very same question twice as often. 注1：表示“2倍”时，不能用two times，除了twice外，还可以用double， as …again as等 表达倍数关系的方法(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up他要了比平常多1倍的费用He demanded double the usual fee. 70Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen we become teens, we are asked the very same question twice as often. 注2：表示“3倍”时，除可用three times外，还可用动词treble或triple等表示。

表达倍数关系的方法(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up今年这个地区的粮食增加了2倍The grains in the area have trebled this year. 71Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen we become teens, we are asked the very same question twice as often. 注3：在表示“4倍”或“4倍以上”时，除用“基数词+ times” 外，还可用“基数词+fold”的合成词表达倍数关系的方法(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up本年我们生产的电扇数量相当于去年的4倍。

We have produced four-fold as many electric fans as we did last year. 72Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAs teenagers, we are expected to know exactly what we want to be and how we are going to achieve that goal.作为青少年，人们希望我们明确地知道自己长大了想干什么以及如何实现这一目标what we want to be 和 how we are going to achieve that goal 是 know 的并列宾语从句 (Line 1, Para. 4)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up73Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen I think about the future, I definitely don’t see myself working at the Market Basket, but in reality, if that was what would make me happy, I would do it. 想到未来，我一定不会想象自己在杂货市场工作，但在现实生活中，如果那样能让我快乐，我就会去做。

When I think about the future, I don’t think I will work at the Market Basket…Paraphrase：(Line 1, Para. 5)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up74Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressSo, the next time someone asks me what I want to be when I grow up, I will simply say “happy.”所以，下一次有人问我长大想成为什么样的人时，我会简单地说一句：“成为幸福的人each time, next time, last time 连接时间状语从句(Line 4, Para. 5)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up上次我见他的时候，他正忙着考驾照。

Last time I saw him , he was busy preparing for his driving test.下次你来我市，一定要来我家看我Next time you come to my city, do drop in on me.75Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWe may want to take different paths in life, but we all want to be happy wherever we end up. 我们在一生中也许会走不同的路，但是无论我们最终到达哪里，我们都希望自己幸福1) what/who/which+ever可引导名词性从句，相当于anything that或anyeone whowherever we end up: who/what/which/when/where/how+ever的用法：(Line 2, Para. 6)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up无论谁努力工作都会成功。

Whoever works hard will succeed. (whoever=anyone who)76Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWe may want to take different paths in life, but we all want to be happy wherever we end up. 2) what/who/which/when/where/how+ever可引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter what/who/which/when/ where/how. However引导让步状语从句时常与形容词或副词连用，从句语序为however+adj./adv.+主语+谓语wherever we end up: who/what/which/when/where/how+ever的用法：(Line 2, Para. 6)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up无论你做什么，你都要首先仔细想想。

Whatever you do, you must think it over first. (whatever=no matter what)77Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWe may want to take different paths in life, but we all want to be happy wherever we end up. 3) when/where+ever还可引导时间或地点状语从句，相当于every time, everywhere.wherever we end up: who/what/which/when/where/how+ever的用法：(Line 2, Para. 6)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up每次我们见到李先生的时候我们都会和他打招呼。

Whenever we see Mr. Lee we say hello to him.78Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWe may want to take different paths in life, but we all want to be happy wherever we end up. 4) what/who/which/when/where/how+ever也可用于疑问句中，比what/who/which/when/where/how语气更强，意思是“究竟是······？”wherever we end up: who/what/which/when/where/how+ever的用法：(Line 2, Para. 6)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up到底是谁做了这么愚蠢的事情？Whoever did such a foolish thing?79Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express爸爸买了一片玻璃自己修补窗户。

Dad bought a sheet of glass and repaired the window himself.sheetn. a thin flat piece of sth. such as paper, metal, or glass 一张；一片(Line 4, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up80Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express让我用一些非常简单的图表来阐明这个观点Let me illustrate the point with some very simple graphs.illustratev. to show sth. by using pictures, lists of numbers, etc. 说明；阐明(Line 4, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up81Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressleapv. to spring or bound upward from or as if from the ground; jump 跳跃(Line 5, Para. 1)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up词义辨析：jump, leap, skip, spring1. jump通用词，指用双脚向上跳，向下跳，或在同一平面上跳到有一定距离的某一点上，或跳过。

2. leap 则比较正式，常用于文学或比较高雅的文字中3. skip 指轻快而活泼的跳，或者轻盈而灵敏的跳，如儿童的跳绳游戏4. spring指突然起跳，好象在弹力作用下的跳82Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressunderneathWe turned some rocks over to see what was underneath.我们把很多岩石翻过来看看下面有什么adv. below 在底下；底下(Line 4, Para. 2)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up83Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressFor children’s book, characters should be printed in the easily readable way.对于孩子的书，字一定要用易于识读的方式印刷。

adj. 1. clear and able to be read 清晰的；易于识读的readable(Line 5, Para. 2)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow upThose stories are not only interesting but also readable.这些故事不仅仅是有趣而且通俗易懂adj. 2. interesting, enjoyable, or easy to read 读起来有趣的；通俗易懂的84Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresshandwritingWhen seeing the handwriting on the envelope, I knew the letter was from my father.当我看到信封上面的笔迹，我知道这封信是我父亲写来的。

n. the particular way sb. writes using a pen or pencil 笔迹；字迹(Line 5, Para. 2)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up85Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressswipeYou need to swipe your card to get into the building.要进这座大楼就得刷卡v. 刷（卡、条形码等）(Line 8, Para. 2)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up86Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressselfYoung babies do not have a fully developed sense of self.婴儿还没有完全的自我意识。

n. the type of person you are, including your character, abilities, etc. 自己；自我(Line 4, Para. 2)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up87Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressrespondThe fire department responded to the call within minutes.消防队几分钟内就对火警做出了反应v. to react to sth. that has been said or done 作出反应；回应(Line 3, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up88Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslikelyThe most likely cause of the fire was a cigarette.最有可能导致火灾的就是香烟。

adj. probably going to happen, or probably true 可能的(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow upThey are likely to become angry with him.他们可能会对他发怒89Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresscome trueI'd always dreamt of owning my own house, but I never thought it would come true.我一直梦想有自己的房子，但是我从没有想过它会实现be realized, materialize 实现(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up90Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressbe supposed toHe was supposed to have graduated from college two years ago.他应该两年前就从大学毕业了。

to be expected to behave in a particular way, especially according to a rule, an agreement, or sb. in authority 应该做某事；被期望做某事(Line 6, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up91Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressconfidenceYou should have more confidence in your own abilities.你应该对自己的能力更有信心n. belief in your ability to do things well 信心(Line 7, Para. 3)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up92Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresseven though I don’t like oranges even though I know they’re good for my health.我不喜欢橘子，尽管我知道它们对我的健康有好处。

used in order to emphasize that although one thing happens or is true, sth. else also happens or is true 虽然；尽管(Line 4, Para. 4)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow up93Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressend upSomehow they all ended up at my house.不管怎样他们最终都到了我家to be in a particular place or state after doing sth. or because of doing it 最终到达(Line 3, Para. 6)Passage A Passage A – – When I grow upWhen I grow upIf he carries on driving like that, he'll end up dead. 他照这样开车，早晚得死于非命.94Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Passage A – Exercises– ExerciseslVocabulary & StructurelTranslationlComprehension95Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a typical dream of five-year-olds?Passage A Passage A – Comprehension– Comprehension1.1. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.A Being balletdancers.B Being policemen.C Being firefighters. D Being spacemen.✔96Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressA Whatever career one chooses, happiness is the real destination.B One should always keep to his childhood dream.C One should try different things to enrich his life.D One can clearly know his dream only when he grows up.A it was common.B Because it was likely to come true.C Because it would be fun.D Because it was well-paid.2. Why did the writer want to work at a grocery store?Passage A Passage A – Comprehension– Comprehension✔3. What is the main idea of the passage?✔97Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Passage A – Comprehension– Comprehension2.2. Complete the following summary with words from the passage.When asked about my 1)_______ in kindergarten, I drew a picture of a stick figure with brown hair holding a bottle of orange juice over a 2)________, showing that I wanted to work at the Market Basket because it would be fun to 3)______ orange juice across the scanner at the checkout counter. As a 4)_________, I am expected to know my exact dream and how I will 5)________ that goal. However, I am not so 6)______ about it even when I am in high school. With growing up, I gradually realize what I want is 7)__________ wherever I end up.dreamcounterswipeteenagerachievesurehappiness98Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Passage A – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structure1.1. Compare each pair of words and complete the following sentences with the right one. Change the form if necessary.________ has never been my interest.I’ve never been able to _______ well.The words and numbers in the table should be clearly ___________. I haven’t had time to do much __________ lately.1 reading, readable2 draw, drawingreadablereadingDrawingdraw99Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Passage A – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structureShe stepped ___________ onto the stage and began to sing.“Of course we will win,” the football team captain said with __________. It’s not ___________ that the boss will agree with our plan.He always _________ to sleep late on Sundays.3 like, likely4 confidence, confidentlylikelylikesconfidentlyconfidence1.1. Compare each pair of words and complete the following sentences with the right one. Change the form if necessary.100Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1. Their children have all grown _______ and left home now.2. We can’t run ______ the hallway when others are having classes.3. A downpour (暴雨) of rain put ______ the children’s bonfire (篝火).4. Henry always seems so confident, but _____ reality he’s very shy.5. There are study questions ______ the end of each unit.2.2. Complete the following sentences with proper prepositions or adverbs.upinoutinatPassage A Passage A – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structure101Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1. After she overcame her ________, she became a very successful public speaker.2. The rooms are all in _________ and nothing can be seen. 3. We were moved by the _________ of the people there.4. Being with friends does not always overcome the feeling of _________.5. _________ is one of the most common causes of stress.3.3. Add the suffix “-ness” to the words given below. Then complete the following sentences with the words thus formed.darkshylonelytiredkindshynessdarknesskindnesslonelinessTirednessPassage A Passage A – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structure102Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressEven though it was raining, she went out.4.4. Combine the following sentences using “even though.”Even though it was a hard job, I enjoyed it.Sample: I am in high school. I cannot answer confidently.Even though I am in high school, I cannot answer confidently.　　　　Or: I cannot answer confidently, even though I am in high school.Passage A Passage A – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structureOr: I enjoyed it even though it was a hard job.Or: She went out even though it was raining.1. It was a hard job. I enjoyed it.____________________________________________________________________________________________2. It was raining. She went out.____________________________________________________________________________________________103Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express4.4. Combine the following sentences using “even though.”Passage A Passage A – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structureEven though he was wounded, he went on fighting.Even though I exercise regularly, I am still gaining weight. Even though they quarreled from time to time, they loved each other.Or: I am still gaining weight even though I exercise regularly.Or: He went on fighting, even though he was wounded.Or: They loved each other even though they quarreled from time to time.3. I take exercise regularly. I am still gaining weight.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. He was wounded. He went on fighting.____________________________________________________________________________________________5. They loved each other. They quarreled (争吵) from time to time. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________104Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Passage A – Translation– Translation1.1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. My picture showed a stick figure with brown hair holding a bottle of orange juice over something like a counter.____________________________________________________________________________________________.2. Yet we are not expected to respond with an answer that is likely to come true._______________________________________________.我画的是一个留着棕色头发的人物线条，她站在柜我画的是一个留着棕色头发的人物线条，她站在柜台后，手里拿着一瓶橙汁。

台后，手里拿着一瓶橙汁然而没人期待我们能给出一个可能实现的答案然而没人期待我们能给出一个可能实现的答案105Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.他实现了自己成为一名歌手的愿望come true)His wish to ____________________________________.2. 这趟火车可能要晚点了likely)This train _____________________________________.3. 我的建议是演讲的时候要充满信心confidence)My advice is __________________________________________.2.2. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English with the help of the words or phrases given in brackets.become a singer has come trueis likely to be lateto make a speech with confidencePassage A Passage A – Translation– Translation106Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressFootball – the game of lifelLead-inlText studylExercisesPassage B107Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeLead-inlVideo appreciationlPre-reading questions108Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1 Do you like football? Why or why not?2 Do you think there are any similarities between living a life and playing football? If yes, what are they?Pre-readingPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeWork in groups to discuss the following questions.109Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeLead-in- Video appreciationBeckham and his football life110Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressText studyPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifelLanguage pointslText reading111Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage BPassage BFootball – the game of life1.Since I was five years old, I have been playing the game of football. I believe that football is not just a ball game, but also a game about life. When I am not on the field, I enjoy watching other kids play the game. They play without fear, reason and with a huge grin on their faces. As I’ve grown into the real world, I have begun to see the ties between life and football.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________112Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage BPassage BFootball – the game of life2.As I look down the line, I see everyone dripping sweat. I see the pain on each player’s face. The coach blows the whistle and everyone starts rushing to the other end of the field. When things get hard, like what we experience in our workouts, there is no giving up. If we give up and quit, we may lose and be defeated. This applies to the real world as well. If you lose your job, you have to go out and find a new one because you have to pay the bills. You can’t quit because you will end up with nothing. Life isn’t always fun and it can be extremely hard. Whether it is holding the state championship or getting a promotion, hard work always reaps rewards.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________113Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage BPassage BFootball – the game of life3.To be successful in football, you need to come together and be a team. You can’t run forward if someone doesn’t run back; you can’t pass if there is nobody to pass to; you can’t win if there is no team. You all have to work together no matter what your differences may be. This teamwork can be applied in the exact same way to your career. You will need to rely on co-workers to do their part while you do yours, coming together to get the job done. Now, you and your partners have faith in each other, and this faith will do great things.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________114Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage BPassage BFootball – the game of life4.Football is all about building and relying on relationships with others. Through all the blood, sweat, and tears you and your teammates have gone through, you now have a strong friendship that could last a lifetime. You have learned to trust each other. You know they will do anything for you, and you would do the same for them. 5.Football gets a lot of attention for the stars and the teams, but in my eyes it is more than that. I see life lessons that are there for us to learn and prepare us for the real world. For me, football has been and continues to be an inspiration in the game of life. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________115Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeSince I was five years old, I have been playing the game of football.从五岁起，我就一直在踢足球。

have been doing是现在完成进行时的谓语构成形式，表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，常和since或for引导的时间状语一起使用，其中since后加时间点，for后加时间段他们俩从结婚起就一直在争吵They have been quarrelling since they got married. (Line 1, Para. 1)116Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeAs I’ve grown into the real world, I have begun to see the ties between life and football.随着我渐渐适应现实世界，我开始意识到了生活和足球之间的联系。

as: while or when sth. is happening “当······的时候，随着”；as在这里引导时间状语从句随着时间的推移，事情似乎越来越糟As time passed, things seemed to get worse.(Line 6, Para. 1)117Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeWhen things get hard, like what we experience in our workouts, there is no giving up.遇到困难时，就像训练中遇到困难一样，我们不会放弃when things get hard中的get hard是系表结构，相当于become difficultlike在这里是介词，意为“像······”，后面接了一个what引导的宾语从句。

Line 4, Para. 2)118Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeWhether it is holding the state championship or getting a promotion, hard work always reaps rewards.无论是卫冕州冠军还是想要晋升，努力工作都能使人受益whether在这里引导了让步状语从句 无论你喜欢还是不喜欢，我都要出国 Whether you like it or not, I’ll go abroad.(Line 10, Para. 2)119Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeYou will need to rely on co-workers to do their part while you do yours, coming together to get the job done.你需要依靠同事做他们份内之事，同时你做你自己的，以此来共同完成任务。

coming together to get the job done (Line 6,Para. 3)现在分词短语，在这里做目的状语120Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeThrough all the blood, sweat, and tears you and your teammates have gone through, you now have a strong friendship that could last a lifetime.当你和队友共同经历流血、流汗和流泪后，你就会拥有伴随一生的深厚友谊。

you and your teammates have gone through在这里做定语，修饰前面的all the blood, sweat, and tears，中间省略了关系代词that Line 2, Para. 4) that 在这里同样引导了定语从句，修饰前面的friendship121Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeI see life lessons that are there for us to learn and prepare us for the real world. 我们可以从中得到生活的经验，让我们对现实世界有所准备。

that 引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，定语从句的先行词为life lessonsLine 2, Para. 5)122Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of life1. n. a big smile that shows your teeth 咧嘴笑，露齿笑她笑容满面地出来招呼客人She stepped out with a big grin on her face to welcome the guests.grin (Line 5, Para. 1)123Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifegrin (Line 5, Para. 1)2. v. to draw back the lips and reveal the teeth, in a smile, grimace, or snarl 咧嘴笑，露齿笑当小男孩的母亲给他苹果时，他咧嘴大笑。

The boy grinned from ear to ear when his mother gave him the apple.124Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of life他意识到了稳固的家庭关系的重要性He realized the importance of strong family ties.tie n. connection or relationship 关系；联系我们应该将重点放在改善两国之间的密切联系上We should focus on improving close ties between the two countries.(Line 7, Para. 1)tie此时通常用复数形式，常和between/ with搭配125Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of life这些规章对谁都适用，没有例外。

These regulations apply to everyone, without exception.apply to 适用于她强调说研究结果并不是对所有的瑜伽都适用She stressed that the results of the research may not apply to all forms of yoga.(Line 7, Para. 2)126Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeapply to (Line 7, Para. 2)c.f. apply … to …: 运用，应用他的项目是将这项技术应用于实际的商务问题His project is concerned with applying the technology to practical business problems.127Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeapply to (Line 7, Para. 2)c.f. apply for: 运用，应用我要怎样申请这个奖学金？How do I apply for this scholarship?apply的派生词：application n. 运用；应用；申请applicant n. 申请人，申请者128Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifeend up 后面可接名词、介词短语或动名词短语end upIf you end up doing something or end up in a particular state, you do that thing or get into that state even though you did not originally intend to.最终；结果；到头来(Line 9, Para. 2)如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。

If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting something you don't want.每次他们去跳舞，都会不欢而散Every time they went dancing they ended up in a bad mood.129Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of life他们正在收割一片麦田They are reaping a field of wheat.reapv. to get sth. good because of the hard work that you have done 收获；获得 努力学习你就会有相应的回报。

Work hard and you will reap the rewards accordingly.短语：reap the benefits of 获得益处(Line 12, Para. 2)130Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of liferely on/uponto trust or depend on sb. or sth. 指望；信赖(Line 6, Para. 3)学会首先依靠自己然后才是他人Learn to rely on yourself first, then others.我们不得不仰仗着他来进行这项设计We have to rely on him to make the design.同义短语：depend on/ lean on131Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of life人民对政府充满信心。

The people have faith in their government.faithn. a strong feeling of trust or confidence in sb. 信心；信任短语：have faith in sb./ sth. 对某人/某事物有信心 lose faith in sb./ sth. 对某人/某事物失去信心(Line 8, Para. 3)132Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of lifego throughto have a very upsetting or difficult experience 遭受；经历(Line 4, Para. 4)我们都会经历困难的时刻。

We all go through difficult times.和你爱的人在一起，就可以和他一起渡过生活中的一切难关With someone you love you can go through all the hardships of life together.133Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of life在我看来in my eyes(Line 2, Para. 5)一直以来在我看来他绝对是最好的球员He’s definitely the best player there’s ever been in my eyes.134Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of life他必须为毕业准备一个演讲。

He had to prepare a speech for graduation.prepare sb./sth. for …to get or make sb./ sth. ready for 使某人/某事为······作好准备学校应该为他们将来的就业多做一些准备Schools should do more to prepare for their future job.(Line 3, Para. 5)135Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Football – the game of lifeFootball – the game of life许多诗人和艺术家从大自然中获得灵感 Many poets and artists have drawn their inspiration from nature .inspirationn. sth. or sb. that encourages you to do or produce sth. good 启发灵感的人（或物）；灵感天才就是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。

Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.(Line 5, Para. 5)136Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – Exercises– ExerciseslVocabulary & structurelTranslationlComprehensionlOral work137Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – Comprehension– Comprehension1.1. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).T1 Since the writer was five years old, he has been playing the game of football.2 To be successful in football, all teammates must work together despite their differences.3 In our career, we need to rely on co-workers to do their part while we do ours, which is different from the game of football.4 Football is all about building and relying on relationships with others.5 The writer regards football as an inspiration in his life.TFTT138Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express2.2. Work in groups to discuss the following questions.Passage B Passage B – Comprehension– Comprehension1.What can football players get through all the blood, sweat, and tears they and their teammates have experienced?._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________They can get a strong friendship that could last a lifetime. The teammates can trust each other and help each other.2.What can football players get through all the blood, sweat, and tears they and their teammates have experienced?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1) When things get hard, there is no giving up. If we give up and quit, we may lose and be defeated.2) Teamwork is very important.3) Friendship can be reaped which is important to playing football as well as to living a life.139Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structure1.1. Match the words in Column A with their definitions in Column B.Column AColumn Bsb. who plays or works on the same team with youto let liquid fall in the shape of small dropssb. or sth. that gives you new ideas and the enthusiasm to create sth. with thema series of physical exercises that you do to keep your body strong and healthycorrect and including all the necessary detailsvery muchto get sth. as a result of what you have donedripextremelyworkoutreapteammateexactinspiration140Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express2.2. Complete the following sentences with the words given below.Passage B Passage B – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structuregrinwhistleextremely championshippromotionrewardteamworklifetime1. I know she is joking because she has a big _______ on her face.2. They’ve held the ____________ for the past two years.3. The judge blew his ________ for a penalty (处罚).4. Only ___________ will enable us to get the job done on time.grinchampionshipwhistleteamwork141Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express2.2. Complete the following sentences with the words given below.Passage B Passage B – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structuregrinwhistleextremely championshippromotionrewardteamworklifetime5. The clerk was given a(n) ___________ and an increase in salary.6. This is a(n) ___________ difficult job and we need time to get it done.7. During her _________, she had gone through two world wars.8. The police are offering a big ___________ for the information about the robbery.promotionextremelylifetimereward142Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structure3.3. Complete the following sentences with proper prepositions or adverbs.1. She needs time to grow _______ the new working environment.2. Even when facing difficulties, she never gave ______.3. Very few people dare go _______ on stormy nights.4. He is going ________ a very difficult time, so we should help him.5. ______ his mother’s eyes, the boy can do nothing bad.intoupoutthroughIn143Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express4.4. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese given in brackets into English using the expression “as well.”Sample: If we give up and quit, we may lose and be defeated. This applies to the real world as well ( 这也适用于现实世界).1.I am going to London and ________________________ (我妹妹也要去).my sister is going as wellPassage B Passage B – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structure2.Professor Smith can speak English; _______________________________ (他也能讲法语).he can speakFrench as well144Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express4.4. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese given in brackets into English using the expression “as well.”Sample: If we give up and quit, we may lose and be defeated. This applies to the real world as well ( 这也适用于现实世界).3.After cleaning the bathroom, ______________________________ (我们可以把厨房也打扫一下).we can clean the kitchenPassage B Passage B – – Vocabulary and structureVocabulary and structure4.______________________________ (你也去上海吗)? We can go together.Are you going to Shanghai as wellas well145Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – Translation– Translation1.1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. Whether it is holding the state championship or getting a promotion, hard work always reaps rewards.______________________________________________________________________________________________2. Football gets a lot of attention for the stars and the teams, but in my eyes it is more than that.______________________________________________________________________________________________足球为球星和球队带去了广泛的关注，但在我看来，它不足球为球星和球队带去了广泛的关注，但在我看来，它不仅仅只是如此。

仅仅只是如此无论是卫冕州冠军还是想要晋升，努力工作都能使人无论是卫冕州冠军还是想要晋升，努力工作都能使人受益146Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1. 我们都将从这项重要研究中受益reap)We will all______________________________________.2. 他说他奶奶正遭受着一场疾病go through)He said_________________________________________.3. 我们可以指望他来支持我们吗？ (rely on)Can we ________________________________________?2.2. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English with the help of the words or phrases given in brackets.reap from the important researchhis grandmother was going through an illness rely on him for supportPassage B Passage B – Translation– Translation147Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1 1 Interview several classmates about what sports they like and how well they can do them.(Reference)Passage B Passage B – Oral work– Oral workWork in groups to do the following activities.I can …very wellquite wellbadlynot at allpractice yogaplay basketballride a bikeplay volleyballskiswimplay tennisplay table tennisplay football148Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – Oral work– Oral workReference for oral workWhat sports do you like to play?Can you play…?How often do you play…?Are you good at playing…?149Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Passage B – Oral work– Oral work2 2 Discuss the result of your interview and find out what sport is played very well by most of your classmates.All my classmates can ride a bicycle very well. Most of them can play table tennis very well. Most boys are good at playing basketball and football.(Reference)150Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslThe present simple tense & the past simple tense(一般现在时和一般过去时)lExercisesGrammar151Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressGrammar Grammar - - present simple tense & past simple tensepresent simple tense & past simple tense类别一、一般现在时二、一般过去时152Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express一、一般现在时一、一般现在时一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态。

一般现在时用动词的原形或第三人称单数来表示主要有以下几种用法：1 表示现在的情况或状态e.g. 1) She is at work.2) Judy lives in Beijing now.2 表示经常性、习惯性、反复性的动作，常与 always, often, usually, sometimes, every day 等时间状语连用e.g. 1) My sister reads English every morning.2) Simon often plays football after school.Grammar Grammar - - present simple tense & past simple tensepresent simple tense & past simple tense153Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express一、一般现在时一、一般现在时3 表示永恒的真理，不能和特定的时间连用。

e.g. 1) Two plus four is six.2) The moon goes around the Earth.4 表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作，但只限于少数动词，即 arrive, begin, close, come, end, go, leave, open, return, start,stop 等 e.g.1) The train leaves at 8:30 a.m. and arrives at 8:30 p.m.2) School begins in September.Grammar Grammar - - present simple tense & past simple tensepresent simple tense & past simple tense154Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express二、一般过去时二、一般过去时一般过去时主要表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

一般过去时用动词的过去式表示主要有以下几种用法：Grammar Grammar - - present simple tense & past simple tensepresent simple tense & past simple tense1 表示在过去的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的词语连用：yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night/week/year, once upon a time, the other day,before 等e.g. 1) He left for London yesterday.2) We visited their university last Friday.3) She suffered a lot in her childhood.155Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express二、一般过去时二、一般过去时Grammar Grammar - - present simple tense & past simple tensepresent simple tense & past simple tense2 表示过去习惯性的动作。

e.g. 1) We often played tennis together last year.2) Sometimes we went to the countryside to visit our uncle when we were young.3表示客气的询问，常用于口语中，代替一般现在时，使口气显得委婉e.g. 1) I wondered if you could give me a lift.2) I wanted to ask if I could borrow your car. 156Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.1. Choose the correct tense of the verbs in brackets to complete the following sentences.Grammar Grammar - Exercises- Exercises1. Paul ______ a teacher, but he _______ a doctor 10 years ago. (is / was)2. Susan usually ______ up at six o’clock in the morning, but she ______ up one hour late this morning. (gets / got)3. She ______ in Ningbo years ago and now she ______ in Shanghai. (lives / lived)4. She often _______ in the library before graduation. Now, she often ______ in the bookstore. (reads / read)isgetslivedreadwasgotlivesreads157Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express2.2. Complete the following sentences with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.Grammar Grammar - Exercises- Exercises1. Danny usually _________ (play) computer games in the afternoon, but he __________ (watch) a football match on TV yesterday afternoon.2. He ________ (major) in Law at college and now ____ (be) a lawyer.3. Her teacher _______ (tell) her that light ________ (travel) faster than sound.4. I _________ (hope) you could give me some advice.playsmajoredtoldhopedwatchedistravels5 The shop _________ (open) at 10:00 a.m.opens158Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslNoteslExercisesWritinglAdditional examples159Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressSample 1NotesSample 2Writing Writing - - Topic sentencesTopic sentences主主题题句是某一段落主旨大意的概括，它能引句是某一段落主旨大意的概括，它能引导读导读者的思路，使段落的者的思路，使段落的中心思想一目了然。

大多数的主中心思想一目了然大多数的主题题句出句出现现在段落的开在段落的开头头，开宗明，开宗明义义；；有些主有些主题题句出句出现现在段尾，概括全段；有在段尾，概括全段；有时时主主题题句也出句也出现现在段中还还有有些段落没有明些段落没有明显显的主的主题题句，需要句，需要读读者自己来概括者自己来概括总结总结Sample 3160Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressSample 1此段的主题句位于段首，开门见山地指出衣服的颜色和个人心情关系密切接下来的几句话围绕该主题具体地说明了不同的颜色可能代表什么心情Writing Writing - - Topic sentencesTopic sentencesColors of clothing are often closely related to your mood. Red makes you feel active and alive. Blue, on the other hand, can be calming or it can be depressing. If you wear yellow, you will probably feel happy. Black can look wonderful and cool, or it can look plain, depending on how you accent it.161Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Writing - - Topic sentencesTopic sentencesSample 2此段的前两句指出加州人和新英格兰人的相似之处，接下来的第三句是主题句，同时也是过渡句，说明他们在生活方式上有诸多不同。

Californians and New Englanders are both Americans. They speak the same language and obey the same federal（联邦的） laws. But they are very different in their way of life. Mobility（流动性） has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is a mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.162Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Writing - - Topic sentencesTopic sentencesSample 3此段的前三句先具体说明英语在航空、书信、广播等方面的广泛使用，最后一句概括说明英语是一种最常用的国际化语言，为结论性主题句。

English is spoken by pilots and airport control operators of the world. Over 70 percent of the world’s mail is written in English. More than 60 percent of the world’s radio programs are in English. Clearly English is a mostly used international language.163Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Writing - Exercises- Exercises1. Choose a proper topic sentence for each of the following paragraphs.1. _______________. I start the day by enjoying a refreshing swim. Then I walk along the beach and collect shells. Later you’ll find me relaxing in the warm sunshine and making sandcastles. Then I sleep for a while before I open the basket of food and drinks that I always take with me.A This is how I spend a day on vacationB I went to the seaside every yearC I get relaxed on vacation✘✔✘164Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Writing - Exercises- Exercises2. Just as I settle down to read or watch TV, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out what’s wrong with him. ________________________. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I eat. Then, when he finally feels tired, it takes him about an hour to fall asleep.A Baby-sitting my little brother is no funB I could not find any time and peace to do what I likeC I hate baby-sitting and promise myself never to do it again✘✔✘165Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Writing - Exercises- Exercises3. How much do you remember of what you have learned over the past academic year? How many of your high school classmates could you call by name right now? How many times a week do you forget appointments and other details of everyday life? Take it easy, ________________________.A you should seek consultation from doctorsB you need not worry about this all the timeC we all forget all kinds of things all the time✘✘✔166Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Writing - - Additional examplesAdditional examples1 主题句置于段落开头：该段的主题句在开头就清楚表明海边晚会完全是场“灾难”。

下文围绕这一主题展开了具体介绍：冰箱坏了，冰块融化了，他们不能喝冰冻可乐；土豆沙拉大部分坏掉了；一些孩子还把沙子踢到了炸鸡上；Bob 带了球拍却没带球The beach party was a total disaster. The cooler leaked and all the ice melted, so we drank warm Coke. Also, most of the potato salad was spoiled. Some kids charged across the blanket and kicked sand onto the fried chicken. Bob bought two rackets but forgot the shuttle.167Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Writing - - Additional examplesAdditional examples2 主题句置于段落中间：该段开始介绍了什么是身体语言及理解身体语言的重要性，后面用了一个手势语的例子阐释了不同国家文化背景下的人们对这同一个手势的不同理解。

段落的主题句在中间提出Body language is communication by facial expressions, head or eye movements, hand signals, and body postures. Misunderstandings—often amusing but sometimes serious—can arise between people from different cultures if they don’t understand nonverbal signals. Take, for example, the differences in meaning of a gesture very common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger. To an American, it means that everything is OK. To a Japanese, it means that you are talking about money. In Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore, an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using a particular hand signal.168Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Writing - - Additional examplesAdditional examples3 主题句置于段落结尾：该段列举了形形色色的话语形式，最后加以总结概括：话语充斥着我们的生活。

We now have, as a result of modern means of communication, hundreds of thousands of words flung at us daily. We are constantly being talked at, by teachers, preachers, and salesmen. The cries of advertisers pursue us into our very homes, thanks to the radio — and in some houses the radio is never turned off from morning to night. We go out and get more words at bookstores and libraries. Words fill our lives.169Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Writing - - Additional examplesAdditional examples4 段落中没有主题句：这个段落没有明确的主题句，但很容易看出整段是在描述一间屋子。

The room is located on the fifth floor of the high building. One third of its total floor space is taken up by a double bed. Facing it, in the corner behind the door, stands a cupboard loaded with pots, bowls, dishes, bottles, and bags of rice and flour. A desk completely fills the gap between the bed and the wall with the window. Behind the desk is a chair, the only one in the room; and it almost touches the boxes and trunks piled against the wall on the opposite side.170Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslAttitudes to worklQuestionsCulture express171Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAmerican people:Work is central for many Americans in defining their sense of identity and self-worth. Even those who can afford not to work choose to work. To many, work is an end in itself: The sense of accomplishment is as much of a reward as the paycheck (工资) or pension (退休金) plan.Culture express Culture express - - Attitudes to workAttitudes to work172Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressCulture express Culture express - - Attitudes to workAttitudes to workJapanese people:Japanese society values hard work. It is believed in Japan that no time should be wasted during work hours. Moreover, unpaid overtime is very common in Japan. It is thought that the high level of stress and so much overtime causes “karoshi”—a Japanese word meaning “death by overwork.”173Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressCulture express Culture express - - Attitudes to workAttitudes to workFrench people:French society respects hard work, but not overwork. “Work hard but enjoy life” is the rule to follow. The French work 35 hours a week and enjoy as an official right a long holiday of five weeks a year. They also have more national holidays than people in the United States or the United Kingdom do.174Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1What do you think of the attitudes to work in the U.S.A., Japan, and France?Work in groups to discuss the following questions.Culture express Culture express - Exercises- Exercises2What kind of job would you like to have after graduation: a stressful, high-income job, or an easier, modest-income one, a job that you do not like but comes with a high income, or a job that you like but is not well-paid? Why?175。