
口译速记符号大全(超实用).ppt
17页1. AbbreviationsA: Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency B: Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example C: Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism D: Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative 2021/3/111E: Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum 2021/3/112F: Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government G: Use an apostrophe in place of letters. am't = amount cont'd = continued gov't = government educat'l = educational2021/3/113H: Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions I: Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting 2021/3/114J: If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. K: Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against 2021/3/115L: Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = water 2021/3/1162. Letters and images Z 表示“人”people/person,因为“Z”看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如:日本人:JZE 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值Q 表示"通货膨胀":inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球 2021/3/117i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业U U 看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"如果在U内填入2,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义如果在U上加一个"/"表示谈判破裂2021/3/118⊙⊙ 圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,,conference,, negotiation,,seminar,,discussion,,symposiumO 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.T 表示表示"领导人领导人"::leader, head那么那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为便可以表示为 CTC× 表示冲突,矛盾:表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,, confrontation "C×"中中的的"×"表示反对,字母表示反对,字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和和 confrontation。
2021/3/1193. Arrows→表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc. 表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc. 表示屈服:submit to←表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc. 表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate2021/3/1110↑表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc.表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc.表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen, promote, etc 表示增长,进步等,如: increase , soar , mushroom , rocket , make progress…↓下降,退步,恶化等,如 decrease , sink , slide , subside , plump , plunge , drop , degrade ,deteriorate…>>表示"波折":ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.﹢高兴,男性,同意,增加等,如 happy , male , agree , many , +2=more , +3=most , beneficial , good , beautiful , great , gorgeous…2021/3/1111-悲伤,女性,不同意,减少等,如 sad , female , disagree , little , few , -2=less , -3=least , lack of , short of…√同意,正确等,如: agree , correct , right… 表示"好的"状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.×不同意,错误等,如: disagree , incorrect…2021/3/1112•>多于,超过,比 …… 低一级等,如: more than , greater than , begger than , better than , superior to , surpass , transcend , overtake…•<少于,比 …… 低级等,如: less than , lower than , smaller than , inferior to…•~大约,如: approximately , about , around , some , nearly , almost , similar to…•/否定,清除,如: clear , settle , solve , tackle , conquer , eliminate , extinct…2021/3/1113•≠与 …… 不同,如: differ from , different from , distinct , unique…•$ 金钱,利益,如: interest , benefit , money , fund , capital…2021/3/11144. Punctuations: 表示各种各样“说”的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. 例: repeat 或 reaffirm 可以用 :2 来替代,声明支持可以用 + :来替代,谴责用 - :? 表示"问题":question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw? . (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk.“∧ 表示转折2021/3/1115☆ 表示"重要的"状态:important,exemplary(模范的) best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.n 表示"交流"状态:exchange,mutual, etc.& 表示"和","与":and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc.∥ 表示"结束":end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.2021/3/11165. How to abbreviate long words-ism 简写为 m 例如:socialism Sm-tion 简 简写为 n 例如:standardization (标准化) stdn-cian 简 简写为 o 例如:technician techo-ing 简写为 g 例如:marketing (市场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为 d 例如:accepted acptd-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如:available avblment 简写为 mt 例如:amendment amdmt-ize 简写为 z 例如:recognize regz-ful 简写为 fl 例如:meaningful mnfl2021/3/1117。
