
初中英语一般现在时..doc
11页一 般 现 在 时 讲 解 和 练 习一、 定义:一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力 例:(1).表示事物或人物的特征、状态The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的 (2).表示经常性或习惯性的动作I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床 (3).表示客观现实The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转二、一般现在时常用时间状语、时间副词in the morning/afternoon/eveningevery week (day, year, month…)on Sundays (Monday, Tuesday…)at night, once a week,. always总是, usually通常, often经常, sometimes有时, never从不三、用法: 1.肯定句:(1) 句中有be(am,is,are)和情态动词时,① be动词时,主语是I时要用am,主语是you时要用are,其他用is② 是情态动词时,后面的动词用原型③ 例:I am a student.You are very beautiful.She is my best friend.He can do his homework by himself.(2) 没有be(am,is, are)动词和情态动词:主语为第三人称单数(she ,he ,it )、单数可数名词、不可数名词的,动词要按规则加上s或es;主语是复数可数名词的肯定句,动词用原形。
例:①She(He, It )likes fish. 她(他,它)喜欢鱼主语为第三人称单数) ②The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿主语为单数可数名词) ③Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.水在100度沸腾主语为不可数名词) They go to school every day .他们每天都去上学主语是复数可数名词的,动词用原形)注意的问题:第三人称单数以及第三人称单数时动词的变化规则在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚,现归纳总结如下: 1、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫 2、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数如: ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。
②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国 ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕 3、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数如: ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物 ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的 ③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的 ④The cat is Lucys. 这只猫是露茜的 4、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数如: ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了 ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病 ③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔 ④That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦 5、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。
如: ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小 6、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数如: ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字 ②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母 动词+s的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, make-makesruns gets likes collets takes plays climbs2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 方法与发音:3 1.一般情况下,直接加 -s eg. works, plays, rains, sees 2.以 sh, ch, s, x 或 o 结尾的词后加 –es eg. washes, teaches, fixes, does, goes 3.以辅音字母加 -y 结尾的,先把 ‘y’ 改成 ‘i’, 再加 -es eg. studies, flies, carries 注意: 动词加 -s 以后的读音. 动词加-s后的读音 1.在[p] [t] [k] [f] 等清辅音后, 发清辅音 /s/ eg. helps, works, likes, hates ,laughs2.在浊辅音和元音后, 发浊辅音 /z/ eg. drives, cleans, plays3.在[s] [z] [∫ ] [tʃ] [dʒ]后, 发 /iz/ rises, wishes, teaches, urges4.在[t] [d]后,发 /ts/ /dz/ eg. fits, sets, needs5. 其他情况下发[z] eg. plans, cries, shows 练习1v 1.Jenny _____ in an office. Her parents _____in a hospital.v A work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; workv 2.One of the boys_______ a black hat.v A have B there is C there are D hasv 3.Wang Mei ______ music and often ______ to music.v A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listenv 4. Jenny______ English every evening.v A has study B studies C study D studiedv 5. The teachers ________(speak) English in class.v 6. The teacher ________(speak) English in class.2. 否定句: (1)句中有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not, I am not a teacher. He can not fly . (2) 句中没有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句,在动词原形前加does + not (doesn’t)。
He doesn’t like cats. (3)句中没有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为复数可数名词的否定句,在动词原形前加do + not (don’t) They don’t go to school on Sundays. 练习2v 1. The cat _________(not like) you.v 2.Brian (not live) in China.v 3.The picture ______ nice.v A. don’t look B. is looked v C. doesn’t look D. is lookingv 4. I have many books.(改为否定句)_________________________v 5.厦门不下雪v 6.她不看新闻v 7.我妈妈不喜欢吃肉______________________________________3.疑问句: (1)句中有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。
由肯定句变为一般疑问句的步骤: ①. 把be 动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)提前 ②.大写和小写的转换,句首的第一个字母要大写 ③.句末要加问号 例:肯定句:She is a student . 疑问句:Is she a student ? 肯定句: He can swim. 疑问句:Can he swim? . 疑问句的回答:用什么问就用什么来回答 Is she a student ? Yes, she is . No,she isn’t.Can you swim? Yes, I can . Yes, I can’t. (2) 句中如果没有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为第三人称单数(she ,he ,it )、单数可数名词、不可数名词的疑问句要用does 来提问即在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形 例:—Does he like Chinese? 他喜欢汉语吗? —Yes, he does. 是的,他喜欢(汉语)。
—Does a dog eat meat? 狗吃肉吗? —No, it doesn’t. 不,它不吃(肉) (3) 句中如果没有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,主语为复数可数名词的疑问句要用do 来提问。












