高考非谓语动词考点回顾和总结.doc

高考非谓语动词考点回顾和总结高考非谓语动词考点回顾和总结1．作状语时，．作状语时，doing, having done, being done , having been done 和和done 的区别的区别1) doing 表示非谓语动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，且表示一个主动的动作▲ e.g.: The students left the hall, laughing and talking.Hearing the news, we jumped with joy. (几乎同时发生)2) having done 表示非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生，且表示一个主动的动作，一般不作定语▲ e.g.: Having finished his homework, he went to bed．3) being done 常表示一个正在进行的被动动作常作定语，宾语，宾补等，但作状语非常少▲ e.g.: She couldn't stand being laughed at.The project being discussed is very important.I heard an English song being sung when I came into the classroom yesterday. 4) having been done 表示非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生，且表示一个被动的动作。

▲ e.g.: Having been told that some guests were coming, they got the room ready．5) done 一般表示非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生或同时发生, 且表示一个被动的动作▲ e.g.: Given more time, I'll do it better. （之前）Supported by a young man, the old lady stood up. （同时）※ 典型试题：例 1．（2005 全国 II）“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, ____ away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran例 2．（2005 湖北）____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated例 3．（2005 上海）_____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A. PutB. PuttingC. Having putD. Being put2．作定语时，．作定语时，done, being done 和和 to be done 的区别的区别先看例句：This is a problem discussed. 这是一个已经讨论了的问题。

已经完成的被动动作）This is a problem being discussed. 这是一个正在讨论的问题正在进行的被动动作）This is a problem to be discussed. 这是一个将要讨论的问题将要进行的被动动作）通常 done 表示被动或者已经完成，being done 表示正在被做，to be done 表示将要被做，再如这三句话：The meeting ____ (hold) yesterday turned to be a great success. The meeting ____ (hold) now is about environmental protection. The meeting ____ (hold) tomorrow will attract much attention. 三个答案分别是 held, being held, to be held.※ 典型试题：(2004 浙江) Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.A. knowingB. knownC. being knownD. to be known3．作感官动词的宾补．作感官动词的宾补 doing, (to) do 和和 done 的区别的区别Did you hear anyone singing in the next room ? (doing 表示主动、正在进行)Did you ever hear anyone sing the song in English? ((to) do 表示主动、已经完成或动作的全过程)Did you hear the song sung in English? (done 表示被动、已经完成)※ 典型试题：(NMET1994) The missing boys were last seen ____near the river.A. playingB. to be playing C. play D. to play4．作宾语时，．作宾语时，doing 与与 to do 的区别的区别（1）只能用-ing 形式作宾语的动词常用的有：dislike / delay / deny, mind / miss (错过), enjoy / escape (逃避) / excuse, practise / pardon / permit, suggest / stop / stand(忍受), consider , keep, advise / admit / acknowledge(承认) / allow / appreciate (欣赏、感激) / avoid (避免)，risk(冒险) / resist(抵抗) / recommend(建议); finish / forbid, imagine 等。

2）只能用 to do 作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, aim, choose, dare, decide, decline(拒绝), refuse, desire, determine, fail, offer, expect, hope, wish, manage, plan, pretend, promise, seek, tend, threaten 等3）既能用-ing 形式又能用 to do 作宾语的动词分两种情况：1）象 begin, start; continue; intend, attempt(试图), 等词用-ing 形式和 to do 作宾语时意义相同▲ e.g.: He started learning/to learn English at the age of three．2）意义不同的动词有： ①remember / forget(not)doing / having done(记得/忘记（没）做过某事)... (not)to do(记住/忘了（不）去做某事) ②regret(not)doing / having done(后悔（没）做过某事)... (not)to do(遗憾（不）去做某事) ③try doing(试试做某事)... to do(努力/设法做某事) ④mean doing(意味着做某事)... to do(打算/想做某事) ⑤go on doing(继续做同一件事)... to do(接着做另外一件事) ⑥stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事... doing 停止正在或经常做的事⑦want / need /require to do (想/有必要/要求做某事) ... doing / to be done (需要被做) ※ 典型试题：例：（2005 北京）When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ____ at the party, but not _____.A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leavingD. arriving; to leave5．．-ing 形式作伴随状语与不定式作目的状语的区别形式作伴随状语与不定式作目的状语的区别作伴随状语的-ing 形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号；而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生前面通常不用逗号。

▲ e.g.: She wrote to the editor, hoping that the editor would be able to help her．She reached the top of the hill and stopped there to rest on a big rock．※ 典型试题：（1991 全国）The secretary worked late into night, ____a long speech.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing6．．-ing 形式和不定式作结果状语的区别形式和不定式作结果状语的区别-ing 形式作结果状语表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中，其作用相当于一个非限 制性的定语从句；而不定式作结果状语通常表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外▲ e.g.: A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus resulting in an increase in production. =…, which thus resulted in an increase in production.He hurriedly finished his breakfast and went running to the station, only to find the train had left half an hour ago.※ 典型试题：例 1．（2005 山东）Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ____ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reachedB. reachingC. to reachD. to be reaching例 2．（2004 福建）The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. tellingD. told7．非谓语动词的否定式．非谓语动词的否定式-ing 形式否定式由“not/never +-ing”构成，不定式的否定式由“not/never to do”构成。

▲ e.g.: I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time. Not having done the work well, we decided to。