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九年级仁爱英语中考复习教案.pdf

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    • 九年级英语复习教案九年级英语复习教案一.考点透视知识与能力要求重难点问题:归纳中考热点分析预测应试策略二.知识讲解名词代词冠词数词形容词、副词介词三.典型例题四.强化训练及答案一.考点透视【知识与能力要求】1.掌握所学单词的形态变化2.掌握简单句的五种基本句型,四笔头练习基本正确.3.能理解不复杂的、含有状语从句或宾语从句的复合句4.掌握动词的五种基本时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时)的基本用法5.能理解并初步掌握过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时的基本用法6.掌 握一般现在时(包括含有情态动词的一般现在时) 、一 般过去时的被动语态的基本用法.7.掌 握动词不定式作宾语、宾 语补足语和状语的用法(作主语和定语的用法只要求理解)重难点问题归纳】语 法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的因 此,单词的形态变化和简单句的五种基本句型是语法学习的基础之基础五种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中毕业班学生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点五1 种基本时态中的一般过去时和现在完成时的基本用法及其区别是学习的难点状语从句中的时态问题,宾语从句中的主语和谓语的语序问题是学生感到头痛的问题.被动语态是中国学生最不喜欢学习和使用的一种语态.因此,学生在学习时,时常感觉到很困难。

      动 词不定式是初中英语语法中的一个重点不定式在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和状语等用法均要求掌握 ,特 别是一些动词 ,有些后面要求跟不定式作宾语,有些则要求跟动词一 ing 形式作宾语总之,语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点语法知识掌握得好,将大大加快英语学习的进程中考热点分析预测】语 法部分历年来是中考的必考内容考 试的范围广,涉及单词词形变化、基本句子结构、五种基本时态搬动语态、不定式用法以及状语从句、宾语从句,等等近年来,在教学改革方面加大了对听说教学的力度,初 中段以培养学生的交际能力为主,为高中段的英语学习打好基础,对语法知识的要求作了调整,降低了难度,但考查的范围并没有减小单纯考语法知识的题比以前明显减少试题往往设置一个情景,在对话中考查时态及基本句型当 然,有 些语法项目设置在单句中,如 :不定式、被动语态以及词语搭配.语言学习是一个积累的过程,不记住相当数量的词语、习惯用语句型和语法规则,是学不好英语的.因此,对词形变换、句型结构、状语从句中的时态以及常用的五种基本时态的考查仍将是中考命题的热点应试策略】动词及其时态是英语学习最重要的部分,也是学习的难点被动语态也是学习的难点宾语从句和状语从句是复合句中最重要、最常用的结构,是初中毕业生必须掌握的从句。

      注意现在时、2 过去时和将来时及现在完成时的基本用法以及句中的副词 (包括时间副词)的 用法,尤 其要注意过去时与现在完成时的区别.宾语从句要注意从句结构的语序( 连接词+从句的主语+从句的谓语+……)问 题和时态问题( 主句是过去时,从句必须用过去时的某种形式);状 语从句要注意在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时态动词、时 态与语态与从句一定要在大量课文和对话的句子中反复操练,才能真正学会只 要你在复习和应试中注意以上几点,考试就一定能取得好成绩知识讲解名词代词1.名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式.不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量物 质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都 成为不可数名词不 可数名词前一般不能用冠词 a、an 来表示数量,没 有复数形式.要表示“一个……"这一概念,就须加 a piece of这一类短语要注意许 多 名 词 在 汉 语 里 看 来 是 可 数 名 词 , 在 英 语 里 却 不 可 数 .如:chalk,paper,bread ,rice ,grass,news等2.名词的复数(1)规则变化 A.一般情况下加 s.B .以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加 es. 如:busbuses,boxboxes,watchwatches,brushbrushesC.以辅音字 母 加y结 尾 的 改y为i再 加es. 如 : citycities,countrycountriesD.以 f,fe 结尾的,去掉 f 或 fe,变成 v 再加 es。

      2)不规则变化 A.元音发生变化 .如:manmen ,womanwomen ,3 footfeet , toothteeth, mousemiceB . 词 尾 发 生 变 化 如 :childchildrenC. 单、 复数同形.如: fishfish , JapaneseJapanese,ChineseChinese,sheepsheep(3)物质名词(不可数名词)量的表示方法 A.用 much,a little,alot of 等表示 B用容器表示 a bowl of rice,a glass of water,acup of tea,a piece of,orange,two glasses of milk,two pieces ofpaper(4) 名词的所有格(1) 名词所有格的构成法A.单数名词词尾加’ s,复数名词词尾若没有 s,也要加' s theworker's bike,the Children’ s ballB.表 示几个人共有一样东西,只 需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则 需在各个名字后’ s.如:This is Lucy and Licy ’s room .These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms .C.如果 是通 过在 词尾 加 — s 构成 的复 数形 式的名 词 , 只加 ’ 。

      如:the students' books,the girls' blouses(2)名词+of+ 名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s 结构来表示所有关系如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+ 名词的结构来表示所有关系.如:the legs of the desk,the door of theroom 但在表示名词所有格时,' s 结构也常可转换成 of 结构有些表示时间,距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加's 来构成所有格.如:ten minutes ’ walk ,today ’s newspaper4 【代词】人称代词,物主代词,反身代词类别人称第一数量单数复数单数复数单数主格IWeYouYouHeSheIt复数1.They宾格meusyouYouhimHerItThem形物代名物代myOuryourYourHisHerItsTheirmineOursyoursyoursHisHersItsTheirs反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselvesHimselfHerselfItselfthemselves人称第二人称第人称三人称代词人称代词 it 的特殊用法:一般 it 指“它” ,但在表示天气、时间、距离等时,用 it 来代替,此时的 it 并不译为“它” 。

      当三个人称代词( 单数)同 时出现时,其 先后顺序为 you ,he,I而 复数一般采用 we,you,they顺序2.物主代词物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语.3.反身代词1)、反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上 self 或 selves ;第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后5 加上 self 或 selves .2) 、反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身.如:I enjoyed myself at the party.另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气如:I can do it myself.3)、初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有:enjoy oneself,helponeself to,learn by oneself,teachoneself ,(all )by oneself ,leave by oneself ,lose oneself in等,在运用反身代词时,应 注 意 它 在 数 、 性 别 上 与 哪 一 个 保 持 一 致 试 比 较 : “ Helpyourselves to some fish,Tom and Mike . ”与 I can't leave thegirl by herself.4.指示代词指示代词的特殊用法: (1)为了避免重复,可用 that ,those 代替前面提到过的名词,但 是 this ,these 不可以。

      (2)this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分5.不定代词主要不定代词的用法:(1)one 的用法A one 作为代词可以指人,也可以指物B. one ,ones (one的复数形式) 可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复.C one 的前面可用 this,that ,the ,which 等词来修饰 常有 a+形容词+one 这一形式.it 和 one 的用法区别:it 用6 来指特定的东西,而 one 则用于替代不特定的东西2)some 和 any 的用法区别A some ,any 可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用.some一般用于肯定句,any 一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中 some ,any 与-thing, —body ,—one 构成的合成词的用法与some ,any 一样C.在疑问句中,一般不用 some ,只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用 some.D. some 在否定句中表示半否定,any 表示全否定E.some 用于单数可数名词前,表示“某个”而不是“一些” 3)other ,another 的用法数种类单数复数泛指another=an otherother (boys)others 特指别人the other另一个the other (boys)the others功能作主语、宾语、定语作定语作主语、宾语7 A、another =another另一个",泛指众多者中的另一个,在原有基础上自然增加的另一个。

      一 般后面接单数名词,前 面不能加定冠词有时 another 可以用在复数名词前表示“又"“再” ,如:I want to haveanother two cakes.我想再吃两个蛋糕B.the other表示两个中的另一个,常与 one 连用常见形式是“one . . .the other . . . ” other+ 复数名词=othersD. the other+复数名词=the others(4) a11 、both 的用法 both 表示“两者都……",而 a11 表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都……".a11 、both 在句中放在 be 动词,情态动词及助动词之后,放在实义动词之前.(5) each 和 every 的用法A each 用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个.B. 从含义和语法功能上看,each 是“单个”的意思,侧重个体,在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语.而 every 是“每一个”之意,侧重全体、整 体、共性在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词而由 every 构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词6)either ,neither ,both 的用法 either :指两者中的任意一个。

      作主语谓语用单数.neither :指两者都不,全否定作主语谓语用单数both: 指两者都作主语谓语用复数.(7)many和 muchmany只能和复数可数名词连用much 只能和不8 可数名词连用注意:a lot of /lots of / plenty of=much /manyalarge /great number of=manya great /good deal of=much(8)few ,a few ,little ,a littlefew ,little表示否定含义,“很少” “几乎没有” ;a few,a little 表示肯定含义,有一些” few,afew 用在可数名词前,little ,a little用在不可数名词前冠词】1.不定冠词 an 用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词 a2.定冠词的基本用法A用在重新提到的人或事物前面.B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面C 用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物.3.定冠词的特殊用法A.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及 only 所修饰的名词前C 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面.D.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。

      E.用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人.F.用在乐器名称前.G 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物4.名词前不用冠词的情况A. 在专有名词(包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节)、物9 质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词但 在以 Festival组成的民间节日前要加 the 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前 名词前有物主代词、指 示代词、不 定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词 三餐饭、球 类、棋 类、游 戏名称前一般不用冠词正 在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同.(sit ) at table 就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边 go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;inhospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里【数词】1.数 字的表示三位数数词要在百位和十位( 若无十位则和个位)之间加 and.1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个“,” ,第一个“, ”前为 thousand, 第二个“,”前为 million ,第三个“,”前为billion 2.序数词除了 first ,second,third外,其余都在基数词尾加th 构成。

      3.分数分子在前,分母在后,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于 1 小时,分母序数词要变成复数4.Hundreds (thousands,millions)of……用法形容词,副词】形容词1.形容词的位置10 (1)形 容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但 当形容词修饰不定代词 something ,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后.如:something important,nothing serious2)当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置.如:We have dug a hole two meters deep.The holeis about two metres deep.2.形容词的比较等级(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词,在 词尾加-(e)r,-(e)st 来构成比较级和最高级其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加 more ,most来构成比较级和最高级如:popular ———more popular———mostpopularimportant-more important—most important(2) 不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级 good better bestwellbadworseworstilloldolderoldesteldereldestmanymoremostmuchlittle less leastfar farther farthestfurther furthest3。

      形容词比较级的用法形容词比较级通常可分为原级、 比较级、最高级三种基本形式,具体而言,它 们分别以下列形式出现在句中:它们 分 别 以 下 列 形 式 出 现 在 句 中 :( 1)as+ 原 级 +as(2 ) 比 较 级+than(3)the+最高级+of(in) . . .需注意的原级的用法:(1) 否定结构有 A. . not as+ 形容词原级+as B 及 A. . .not so + 形容词原级+as B 两种结构2) 表示倍数有. . .times as+ 形容词原级+as 的句型.如:Thisgarden is ten times as large as that one.This room is twice as11 large as that one.(3)half as+ 形容词原级+as 表示“……的一半” 如:This bookis half as thick as that one.需注意的比较级的用法:(1)than 后面接代词时,一般要用主格,但在口语中工也可换成 me.(2)比较级前还可以用 much ,even ,still ,a little来修饰。

      3) 表 示 倍 数 时 , 试 比 较Ourroomistwiceaslargeastheirs . 我们的房间是他们的两倍那样大.Our room is twice largerthan theirs . 我们的房间比他们的大两倍.(4) I' m two years older than you. 我比你大两岁5) “比较级+and+ 比较级”表示“越来越……”.如: He becomesfatter and fatter.(6)The+ 比较级…,the+ 比较级”表示“越……,越……” 如:The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙就越高兴.需注意的最高级的用法: (1)常见结构有:“of+ 复数意义的词"表示“在……之中的” , “在……中” ; “in+ 范围、场所”表示“在……之中".如:He is the tallest “all the boys ” .China is the greatestin the world.副词1.副词比较级的构成(1)单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加 er,est 来构成比较级和最高级12 (2)绝大多数副词借助 more ,most 来构成比较级和最高级。

      3)少数副词的不规则变化:原级比较级最高级 well betterbest, badly worse worst,much more mostlittle less least ,farfarther farthestfarthest furthest, late later latest(4) 副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词 the 5) 常用句型有 like A better than B 和 like A(the )best of(in) …其余变化和形容词类似2.常见副词用法(1) too, either : too一般用于肯定句,常放在句末,否定句时用 either 2) ago ,before:ago以现在为起点,和动词的过去时连用before 以过去某个时间为起点,常和过去完成时连用当 before 前没有“一段时间”而单独使用时,泛指“以前” ,常和完成时连用如:I have heard the man before我以前听说过那个人介词】一些容易混淆的介词1.表示时间的 at、on、in 的用法区别at 主要表示:(1) 在某具体时刻之前,如 at seven o' clock,at7:30。

      2)在固定短语中,如:at noon,at night,atthat time ,at theage of at the weekend ,at Christmas.On用来表示“在……天” ,如:OnMonday ,On May lst,On Children’s Day 13 in 用来表示:(1) 在某年、某月、某季节2)在-段时间之后,如:in two hours,in a few days注意:在纯粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上时,用 in the morning /afternoon/evening , 但在某一天的上午、 下午、 晚上前要用介词 on 如:on Mondaymorning ,on the morning of Children’ s Day 表示地点的 at,in,on 的用法区别(1) at 通常指小地方,in 一般指大地方2) at所指范围不太明确,in 指“在……里”.(3) in 指在内部,on 指“在……之上"3.表 示“ 一段时间"的 for 与 since 的用法区别 for 后面接时间段,since 之后接时间点4.表示时间的 before 与 by 的用法区别 before 与 by 都可表示“在……之前” ,但 by 含有“不迟于……"、 “到……为止”的意思.如果 by 后是将来的时间,则与将来时连用,若 by 后是过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用。

      5.over 与 above (under 与 below )over,above都表示“在……的上面” ,over 表示“正上方",而 above 只表示“在上方"但不一定在“正上方”.above 还可表示温度、水位等“高于”,over 还可表示“越过……” over 的反义词是 under ,above 的反义词是 below .例如:There is a bridge over the riverOur plane flew above the clouds.6.表 示“ 用"的 with ,by,in 的用法 with 多指用工具,用身体的部位或器官; by 表示使用的方法、 手段; in 指使用某种语言 如:We see14 with our eyes.Wego there by bike.Pleasesay it out in English.Hecut it open with a knife介词的省略表示时间介词 at,on, in 的省略(1)在 next ,last, this, these, today , yesterday,tomorrow , one, every, each,all 等词前,一般不用 at, in, on.(2) 在某些名词词组前,可以省略(也可不省)如 : (on ) thatday , (in )the year before last常见搭配 1.动词+介词,如:listen to , laugh at, write to,hear from , get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at ,look for , look at, ask for , wait for, get on, get to, put on,turnon ,operateon,takeoff,turnoff,learnfrom,worryabout . 。

      2.形容词+介词,如:afraid of, full of, angry with, strictwith, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for,ready for, famous for, polite to , far from 3.名词+介词/ 介词+名词 key to ,visit to, at home, insurprise , after class , for ever, on time, at last, at first,for example 三.典型例题【名词】[例 1] (1)—How far is your school from here?—Not veryfar It’s about twenty ______ walkA. minute's B. minutes’15 C minutes D. minute(2)It is about ______ from the school to my homeA. tenminutes walk B ten minutes ’ walkC. ten minutes’ s walk D 。

      ten minute ’s walk分析上述两题考查名词所有格的构成及用法由句意可知空格处所填内容是表示距离的名词,选项中的名词 minute和 walk 存在所有关系,因此必须用名词的所有格.名词所有格的's 也可以加在一个短语之后,若该短语最后一个名词的词尾是 s,则只加“’ ’ 如:an hour'sride , two weeks ’ time. 因而(1) 、 (2)小题答案均为 B[例 2] Have you seen______ at the foot of the hill ?A. anysheep B. some sheeps C any sheeps D some sheep分析此题考查名词复数的特殊例子sheep的单复数同形;any一般用在疑问句和否定句里,some 用在肯定句里答案为 A[ 例3] — Whoisthemaninthebluecar? — Heis______father.A Kate's and Mary ’s B Kate and Mary's C Kateand Mary D of Kate and Mary分析本题考查名词所有格的构成及方法。

      两个并列的所有格,只给第二个名词加“’s” [例 4](哈尔滨市, 2003 ) Where is Tom ? He’ s left a sayingthat he has something important to do excuse B. message C.exercise D. news分析 此题考查名词的用法,由 a 知道选项 A、C、D 不行,故选 B16 答案选 B 解后反思an excuse (一个借口) ,an exercise(一个练习)……,news (新闻)是不可数名词[例 5] (天津市,2003 )He had something to write down andasked me forA. a paper B some papers C some pieces ofpapersD. a piece of paper分析 此题考查不可数名词的用法Paper 作“纸”讲时是不可数名词,故 A、B、C 可排除答案:选 D 解后反思 paper 当“试卷"、 “文件”讲时是可数名词.类似的词还有:fish,chicken等.【代词】[例 1] 用所给词的适当形式填空.1)This isn ’t _______ (I)book , it must be _______ (you)。

      2)Is there any milk in the bottle?Yes, there is ______(little ) 分析 第 1 小题第一空要用形容词性物主代词 my,用于修饰名词book ,第二空则要用名词性物主代词 yours, 相当于 your book 第 2小题应用 a little表示肯定: “有一点儿"[例 2] There are many trees on________ of the roadA. bothside B each sides C. both sides D. every side分析 此题主要考查不定代词 both , each 和 every 的用法 both为“两者"(都) ” ,作定语时,其后接复数名词;作主语时,要用复数谓语动词either为“两者中间的任何一个(的)” ,作定语时,后接单数可数名词; 作主语时, 要用单数谓语动词every 意为 “每个(的) ” ,17 作定语,只用于三者或三者以上又因马路 road(rive ,street等)只有两侧,所以正确答案只能是 C[例 3] 1) “Help ______ to some mooncakes" , Han Meimei saidto the twins。

      A. you B. oneself C. yourself D yourselves2) —Put on your clotheswhen you go out —Thank you. Mum I can look after______.A me B I C. ourselves D myself分析这是一组考查反身代词用法的试题反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语,不能单独使用、不能替代主格代词,但可用在主格代词后以加强语气.还常用于某些短语中,如:by oneself独自,enjoy oneself玩得愉快,teach oneself自学,help oneself to…随便吃(用)……等因此上二题答案均为 D[例 4] (广东省,2003 )There is with my computer.It doesn ’t work A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong C. wrong somethingD something wrong分析本题考查形容词与不定代词的位置关系,形容词修饰不定代词应放在不定代词之后,而 anything用于否定句和疑问句,由 Itdoesn ’ t work 知选 D。

      答案:D 解后反思 考虑词的使用范围并结合语境是解决本题的关键冠词】[例 1] 选择填空 1)Give me_______, please.A. a cup tea Btwo cup of tea C. two cup D two cups of tea2)The teacherpassed me _____ paper.A a piece B. a piece18 of C. piece of D. a pair of第 1 小题主要考查学生对可数名词与不可数名词的掌握情况, tea是不可数名词,不能用数量词直接修饰,但 可以用容器表示量,表 容器的名词可变为复数形式,即可以说 two cups of tea,此题选 D第 2小题答案选 Bpaper 一词是不可数的,要表示“一张纸” ,英语应为 apiece of paper,不能说 a paper [例 2] _____ delicious food you have cooked!A How a B How C. What a D What分析不定冠词表示数量,类似“-” ,修饰单数可数名词不可数名词前不可用 a、an 修饰在感叹句“What a/an+ adj .+ n.+(主+谓)! ”结 构中,名 词必是单数可数名词.若是不可数名词应用“ What+adj .+ n .+(主+谓) ! ”结构。

      句中 food 是不可数名词,故答案为 D.[例 3] (1)We always have______ rice for ______lunchA./; / B. the ; / C /; a D. the; the(2)It’s half past fourin the afternoon.The studentsare playing_____ basketballnow A. / B. an C a D. the分析 下列情况不用任何冠词:1)专用名词(John 、England ) 、物质名词(food ,rice,water )等前;2)一日三餐的名词前;3)在表示球类运动的名词前因此第( 1)小题正确答案应为 A;第( 2)小题答案为 A[例 4] (天津市,2003 )What' s the matter with you ?I caughtbad cold and had to stay in bedA.a, / B. a, the C a, a D.19 the , the分析本题考查冠词的用法和习惯表达躺在床上译为 stay inbed ,而感冒译为 catch cold或 catch a cold ,但 cold 有形容词修饰时则 a 不可省略。

      答案:选 A【数词】[例 1] 1) ______ books must heproduced for the children Many thousands B Many thousands ofC. Many thousand of D.Many thousand2) We've planted ______ trees in the centre of our citythis year.A hundredB. tow hundredsC hundredof D .hundredsof分析本题考查数词的用法.当 thousand或 hundred做数词时,前面一般加数来修饰,其本身没有数的变化,且后不跟 of当它们做名词时,其复数形式为 thousands和 hundreds ,且构成 thousands of和 hundreds of ,后接可数名词的复数形式答案分别为B、D[例 2] About ____ of the workersin the clothesfactoryarewomen A. third fifths B third fifth C. three fifths D。

      threefifth分析 此题主要考查英语的分数表示法分子用基数词,分母用序数词 当分子大于 1 时, 分母的序数词后需加 “s” 例如: 1/3 one third ;2/3:two thirds 通过分析 A、B、D 三项均错,答案为 C[例 3] July is ________ month of the year.A. seven B. the20 seventh C eight D the eighth序数词用来表示数目的顺序,七月份是一年中的第七个月,第七个月的正确表达为 the seventh month,所以此题的正确答案为 B[例 4] (重庆市, 2003)My favouriteis getting stamps. I needbefore I have 2500 ones more one B any more C. one moreD more than分析 此题考查数词与 more 相结合的用法,数词+more 表示还有(要)……,在 此正好符合题意答 案:选 C 解后反思 more than 是“ 多于”之意,any more用于否定句表示“不再”.【形容词、副词】[例 1] In the exam , the ______ you are , the ______ mistakesyou'll make。

      A. careful;littleB. morecareful; lessC. morecareful; few D. more careful; fewer分析“the+ 比较级……,the+ 比较级……”这个句型结构的意思是“越……就越……”或“愈是……则愈是……"此结构中的比较级可以是形容词,也可以是副词答案 D[例 2] I'm not sure whether Mary can sing ________ Mabel as well as B as good as C. so good as D as better as分析 此题考查了两个知识点: (1)副词和形容词用法的区别: (2)as…as 句式.句中谓语动词是行为动词,应选副词.B、C 项应排除. as…as 中间应用副词或形容词原级,所以答案应为 A[例 3] Let ’s hope the things can get______.A. better and21 better B well and well C good and good D. best and best分析 答案为 A.两个比较级并列在一起,表示“越来越……”之意,此句主要考查比较级特殊句型“more and more”结构,该句式表示持续不断变化, 其动词常是 become , be, get, grew 等,又如: Springhas come 。

      It is getting warmer and warmer.[例 4] (甘肃省,2003 )I am I want a piece of breadA. fullB. hungry C tired D. thirsty分析此题在语境中考查形容词的用法.由后句意“我要一块面包”说名与“饿”有关,故选 B答案:选 B[例 5] (天津市,2003 )In our city ,it’ s in July, nut itis even in August.A. hotter, hottest B. hot, hot C. hotter,hot D hot , hotter分析此题考查形容词及比较级的用法前空应填原级,后空有even 修饰要用比较级,故选 D答案:选 D解后反思如下几个形容词的比较级和最高级要双写最后的辅音字母再加er或estbigbiggerbiggest,,hothotterhottest,fatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnest,wetwetterwettest.简记为: 大 (big ) , 热 (hot ) ,湿纸(wet ) ,谁(肥,fat) 瘦(thin )?(利用谐音记)[例 6] (山西省太原市,2002 )The little girl likes animals 。

      When she heard I would take her to the zoo, she looked at me happy B. happily C angry D angrily22 分析 由句意知 C、D 可以排除,又此句中 look at是行为动词而不是连系动词,故选 B 答案:B 解后反思 形容词和副词都具有修饰作用,但 是各自修饰的对象不同,形 容词修饰名词,作定语,或在连系动词后作表语而副词修饰行为动词,形容词或副词作状语.【介词】[ 例1 ]用 正 确 的 介 词 填 空 1)Thelittlegirlislooking________ her mother.2)Thank you ________ your help.3)Don't read ________ bed.4)Tom comes ________ the USA第 1 小题要填 for, 因为 look for是一个固定词组,表示寻找的行为.第2 小题填for ,既可说Thanks for …也可以说Thank youfor …,for 后接名词第 3 小题填 in表 示“ 在床上”in bed ,一 般不说 on bed 。

      第 4 小题 come from 一个固定短语, 意思相当于 be from ,表示“来自…”.[例 2] China lies_______the east of Asia and ______ the eastof Japan in; on B. to ; to C to; in D. in ; to解析 表示方位的介词 in, on , to 意义各不相同在范围内的地方用 inChina 属于 Asia 范围内,故先用 in; 不在范围内的地方用to,若两地相连,则要用介词 on, China和 Japan 不属同一范围且有海相隔,故选择 to因此答案为 D四.强化训练及答案23 【名词】选择正确答案1. There are forty ______ in our schoolA. women teachers B .teacher women C. woman teachers Dwomen teacher2 Li is one of ______ in the hospital.A. most populardoctorsB. the most populardoctorsC 。

      mostpopular doctor D the most popular doctor3. The sign NO PHOTOS means that you can't ______A. take pictures B. bring in pictures C. buy any photos D.sell any photos4 Some of the boys in ______ are afraid of maths exams.A. Class Three Bthe Class Three C. Three Class DtheThree Class5. Have you got any ______ for us this time?A. pieces of message Bpiece of messagesCpieces ofmessages D messages6. ______, those mountains will be covered with treesA. In a few years time B After a few years timeC In afew years’ time D。

      After a few years time7 Hong Kong is an SAR while Macao is another So thereare ______ in China.24 A both SAR B both SARS C. two SAR D. two SARS8 Look ! There are ______ stars up there in the ______A. thousandsof; sky B thousandsof; airC thousandof;sky D thousand of; air9 My father lived in ______ for some ten yearsA. city Beijing B. the Beijing city C Beijing of city D.the city of Beijing10. Just from the ______ I know it's Liu Minjun noise B voice C. sound Dsing11 —Wherearetheothertwostudents? —They’ rein______ 。

      A teacher’ s office Bteachers' officeC. the teacheroffice D. the teachers’ office12 —How many ______ have you next term?—Let me see We’ ll have eight.A. lesson B. subjects C. days D class13My uncle's full name is David Edward Hartpode. Hisfamily name is ______.A. Edward B Hartpode C. David D David Hartpode14 He writes more carefully than ______ in his classA. any studentB any other studentC any other studentsD all students25 15 This new kind ______ can do half the workA. of tractor B tractor C 。

      of a tractor D a tractor16. John is very happy to have a ______ trainingA. two weeks B twomonth C twoweeks D. twomonths17. My brother is always careless. He always makes ____A mistakes B. mistake C mistook D. some mistake18. Mr. Green is nearly ______A. two metres high B two metres tall C. high two metresD. tall two metres19. Mr. Smith is an ______A. English B English man C. Englishman D. Englishmen20 A group of ______ are talking with two ______.AFrenchmen; Germans B .Frenchmen; GermenCGerman ;Frenchmen D Germans; Frenchmans【代词】单项选择1。

      ______ the twins enjoyed______ at the party yesterday Both; them B. Both ; themselves C Neither ; them D.All; themselves2. —Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a cup oftea? —______, thanks I'd like just a cup of water.A Either B. Neither C. Both D. None26 3 —Would you like ______ milk in your tea?—Yes, just______ any; little B some; a little C. much; a few D alittle ; some4 There is______ to do this evening.A. much nothing B many nothing C nothing much D nothingmany5. The two friends were so pleased to see each other thatthey forget ______.A. anything else B. something else C。

      nothing else Deverything else6. —Is this your shoe?-Yes, it is. But where is______?A the others B. another C other one D the other one7. WhatI want to say is______English isa veryusefullanguage.A. it B. this C that D. those8.TheyhaveanEnglishlesson______day ,Monday ,Wednesday and FridayA. each other B. every other C some others D. anothermore9 Wefound______veryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage well.A this B. that C it D it's27 10 —______ is Lily like?—Oh, she's tall and thinA How B Who C. Which D。

      What11—Would you like milk or orange?—_______ I preferwater Each B Neither C Either D Both12 —Oh, there is someone in the room.—______ must bemy mother There B She C. This D It13. Betty and John have come back, but _______ students inthe class aren’t here yetA. the other B. others C another D the others14. ______ of us has read the storyA. Some B. Both C. All D None15 -Which of her parents is a doctor?—________ Any B Either C Both D. All16. I have bought a new watch becausemy old ______ doesn’ twork.A。

      it B. one C that D. this17. —Is this dictionary _______ or _______?-It’ s mineA. your; hers B. your; her C your ; her D. yours; hers18. There is ______ water in my glass Will you please giveme ______.28 A little ; some B few ; any C. few; some D. little; any19. —______pencilbox is this, Patrick?-It’ s ______A. Whose ; mine B. Who’ s; mine CWhose; my D Who’ s;my20. -The pen is _______ She wrote _______ name with it_______.A. hers; her; herself Bher; hers ;herC. her; hers;herself D her; herself; hers【冠词】用适当的冠词填空,不需要冠词的空白处填“×”1。

      Tomorrowis ______ Teachers'Day and we’ll make ______card for our English teacher.2. The bus is running about seventy miles_____ hour.3 Mary is interested in ______ science4. Some people don't like to talk at ______ table Last night I went to______ bed very late.6 Don't worry We still have ______ little time left What ______ beautifulday ! And what ______ fine weather!8. In ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warmin ________Shanghai9. John is______ cleverest boy in his class.10. We can’t live without ______ water or ______ air。

      29 11.TomorrowMr.SmithwillleaveParis,______capitalof______ France, for Washington by______ air.12 We were having______ lunch when they came in13. This is ______ book you gave me last week What did you do ______ last Saturday?15 March 8 is ______ Women’s Day.16. If ______ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to thepark 17.Ipreferplaying______pianotoplaying______basketball.18 At ______ age of five, he read a lot of books Tom and Lucy are of ______ same age ______ harder we study, ______ more we learn.【数词】选择填空l。

      September is the ________ month of the year eighth B ninth C tenth D. eleventh2 The People's Republic of China was founded ________A. on October the first, 1949 B. in October the first,1949C on October one, 1949 D. on October first one, 19493 There are ________ days in a year.Athree hundreds and sixtyfive Bthree hundreds and30 fiftysixC. three hundreds of sixtyfive Dthree hundred andsixtyfive4. There are ________ days in February.A. thirty B thirtyone C twentyeight D. twentysix5. The film begins at 4:15。

      The right answer of “4:15” is _______A. four fifth B fifteen four C four fifteen D a quarterto four6 ________is seventy seven.A forty and four B thirtyseven and fortyC forty orthirtyseven D. seventy of seven7. What row are you in? I am in ________.A Row One B. Row First C. Row one D One Row8. How many months are there in a year? There are _______A eleven B twelve C. twenty D. twelfth9. At the age of ________, he was a worker.A. twenty B. the twenty C. twentieth D one10. The ChangjiangRiver is ________longest river in China 。

      A. the first B the second C. the third D the fourth【形容词、副词】根据 A 句完成 B 句,使两句句意一致.1. A: Their football team is much stronger than the other31 two.B: Their football team is ______ ______ of the _____2. A : I prefer science to any other subject.B: I like science _____ _____ any other subject.3. A: Jane went shopping yesterday, and I went shopping,too B: Jane went shopping yesterday and ______ _____ I.4. A: This room is not big It can’ t hold a lot of people.B: This room is not big_____ ______ hold so many people。

      5. A : That machine doesn’t workB: There is______ ______ with that machine A: The snow was very heavy last night.B: It _____ ______ last night7. A: His uncle no longer works here.B: His uncle _____work here ______ longer.8. A: This is the most important thing at this momentB: This thing is _____ important than anything ______ atthis moment 9. A : He was so angry that he couldn'tsay a word B: He was ______ angry _______ say a word.10 A:ZhangTaospeaksEnglishbetterthananyotherstudent in his class32 B: ______ speaks English so _____ as Zhang Tao。

      介词】用适当的介词填空1. You ’d better not go ______ the forest It's dangerous.2. Which room are you going to live ______?3. The buildingis ______ fire. There ’re some people ______the top floor4. Before 1990 there was no airline ______ the two cities It’s not good to come late ______ school.6 What's wrong ______ your bike?7 Thank you very much ______ coming to see me.8 I couldn’ t finish it ______ your help 9. Don’ t laugh ______ others’ mistakes10. Do the twins look ______ their father?11 —Howdo youusuallycometo school ,everyday ?—Sometimes ______ bike, sometimes ______ foot。

      12 It's very kind ______ you to help me ______ my maths13. D on’ t read ______ the sun. It's bad ______ your eyes.14 The teachertold us the moon travels______ the earth.15. You must learn these words ______ heart, and answermy question______ English16. Please meet your uncle ______ noon ______ Saturday.33 17 Thanks ______ your help, I finished the work beforedark.18. It's cold and the temperature is ______ zero during thenight.19 The teacher is writing ______ red ink ______ a pieceof paper.20 The children are waiting ______ the gate ______ theirmother 。

      名词答案:1. A 2 B 3. A 4 A 5 D 6 C 7. D 8. A 9 D 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 B 14. B 15. A 16. B 17 A 18. B 19 C 20 A代词答案:1.B 2.B 3.B 4 D 7.B 8.B 9. C 10. D 11.B 12. D 13.A 14.D 15C 16 B 17 D 18 A 19.A 20.A冠词答案:1 ×; a 2an 3 × 4 × 5. × 6. a 7.a ; ×8 ×; ×; × 9 the 10 ×; × 11 the;×; × 12.× 13.the14× 15 × 16.the 17 the;× 18.the 19.the 20. The; the数词答案: 15 B A D C C 610 B A B A A形容词、副词答案:1.the strongest; three 2.better; than3.sodid 4 enoughto 5.somethingwrong 6.snowedheavily 7 doesn't ; any 8 more; else 9too; to 10 。

      Nobody ; well介词答案:1.through 2.in 3on, on 4between 5.to 6.with7for 8 without 9.at 10like 11 by; on 12.of; with 13.in;34 for 14around/ round 15by; in 16.at ; on 17to 18.below19.in ;on 20 at; for第第二二部部分分复复合合句句( (宾宾语语从从句句))一、 教学目标1.掌握宾语从句的构成和用法.2.正确运用宾语从句:重点掌握注意宾语从句的三类引导词,从句的语序及主从句的时态呼应关系,不能忽视宾语从句的一些特殊情况二、 教学重点目标 1 和目标 2三、教学难点目标 2四、教学过程Step1 、Warming —upT ask: Do you know this teacher?(point to a teacher)Ss:T say : I know the teacherI know she is a very good teacher.T ask: Is she a beautiful girl?(point to a girl)Ss:T say: I think she is beautiful.T ask S1: How old are you?35 S1: I am...Then ask Ss: What did she say just now?Ss: She said that she was...板书I know the teacher.I know she is a very good teacher。

      I think she is beautifulShe said she was叫学生划分这些句子的成分,引导学生明确理解宾从的概念)Step2 、练习、归纳、总结1、 让学生把第一题 A 的各组句子合并成一个宾语从句,并观察合并后的每个句子的结构(注意引导词和语序)2、 Check the answers1、She says that she likes English.2、Do you know what her name is?3、Can you tell me if/whether he goes fishing every day?(引导学生归纳三种宾从的构成,注意看连接词和语序)3、 让学生再做的三组句子,叫学生要特别留意这些句子的时态4、 Check the answersWe don’ t know what they are doing.2The teacher asked me if/whether they had finishedtheir homework.3.Father told me (that )the earth goes round the sun.36 (引导学生归纳主、从句时态的呼应关系)Step3中考考点练习1、 让学生做近两年部分地区中考中出现的有关宾语从句的单项填空题,对宾语从句进一步巩固.2、 对答案,师生一起分析点评,注意一些特殊的地方。

      Step4完成句子1、 让学生完成有关宾从的几道翻译题, 对宾语从句进行灵活运用2、 对答案,师生一起分析点评宾语从句专练一.合并句子A1.She says “I like EnglishDo you know?What is her name?3Can you tell me?Does he go fishing every day?B.1.We don’ t knowWhat are they doing?2.The teacher asked me.Have they finished their homework?3. Father told me The earth goes round the sun定定语语从从句句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词 (有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句一.词引导的定语从句37 1 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词例1:This is the detective who came from London例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old。

      例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in2.关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much,anything, something , nothing,everything , little, none 等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that ,不用which 例如:All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first ,last, any , only ,few, mush , no, some, very 等词修饰,关系代词常用that, 不用which,who, 或whom 例如:(3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that ,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略例如:There are about seven million people taking part in the election,most of whom、are well educated.(4) which 还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念.在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与andthis相似,并可以指人。

      例如:He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very38 happy 5) that 可指人或物, 在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中.(6) which 可作表语,既 可指人,以可指物指 人时,一 般指从事某种职业或是有种特征.品 性或才能的人Which 引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which ;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who 8) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物, 关系代词应该用that 例如:The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(9) 如果先行词是anyone , anybody,everyone, everybody,someone , somebody ,关系代词应该用 who或whom ,不用 which. 例如:Is there anyone here who will go with you?3. “介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1) “介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。

      介词+关系代词 “结构中的介词可以是in, on,about , from , for, with, to at, of, without等,关系代词只可用whom 或 which, 不可用that2) from where为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句例如:39 We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see thetown..(3) 像listen to, look at,depend on, pay attention to,take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开例如:This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二.关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why 充当原因状语 that 可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因That 有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why 引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在 that 引导的这种定语从句中,that 也可以省去。

      三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关 系副词或that 来引导非 限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that 引导.2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的40 应选用关系副词,作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离例如:1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about .2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四.As在定语从句中的用法1 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)as多与such或the same 连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词.(2)as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which 。

      例如:The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see3)the same … that 与 thesame…as在意思上是不同的2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一 般用逗号与主句隔开,但 which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后例如:(1) As is expected , the England team won the footballmatch 2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.五.学习定语从句的几个问题定语从句又称为关系从句,是最常见的从句之一, 每年高考题对之41 均有考查一)、定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致例如:The students who were here just now are from No,2 SeniorMiddleSchool.但注意下列一组句子:He is the only one of the students who was here just now。

      He is one of the students who were here just now如果”one of + 复数名词"后跟有定语从句,一般情况下"oneof” 后的复数名词为先行词,但当one 前有the only ,the very ,justthe 修饰时,先行词则为one 二)、定语从句与强调结构It is the place where they lived beforeIt is in the place that they lived before第一个句子为定语从句,where 指代theplace, 在定语从句中作状语,第二个句子为强调结构,强调in the place,that没有意义,把inthe place放回后面句子,句子意思完整Where is it that he found the lost watch?(强调句型,强调疑问副词where ) Where is the watch that he found yesterday (定语从句,that指代the watch )42 (三)、定语从句与并列结构He has two sons,neither of whom looks like him.He has two sons,and neither of them looks like him.I've got two sisters.Both of them are in Shanghai.第一个句子为定语从句, 关系代词whom 指代twosons, 在定语从名中介词of的宾语。

      第二个句子为并列结构,由 并列连词and 连接,人 称代词them 指代two sons. 第三个为两个独立的句子,两个句子中间用句号,两句开头的处一个字母都大写四) 、定语从句与状语从句He found the books where he had putHe found the books in the place where he had put第一个句子为状语从句,where he had put作主句He found thebooks的地点状语.第二个句子为定语从句,where 引导从句修饰theplace This is such an interesting book that I'dlike to read itThis is such an interesting book as I'd like to read第一个句子为结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中,it指代book,作read 的宾语第 二个句子为定语从句,关系代词as指代先行词book 的定语从句中read 的宾语五) 、定语从句中的先行词Is this book the one that you bought yesterday?Is this the book that you bought yesterday?43 第一个句子中,this book 是主句的主语,theone是先行词.在第二个句子中this 是主句的主语,the book 是先行词。

      一定要避免出现:Is this book that you bought yesterday?(六)、定语从句与同位语从句定语从句相当于形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用,而同位语从句则相当于名词,它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释,即说明该词所表示的具体内容例如:The news that we heard is not true (定语从句)The news that he won the prize is not true (同位语从句)另:在”have no idea+ 从句"结构中,其从句都作idea 的同位语.例如:I have no idea when she will be back六、定语从句易犯小错误由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂,初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误,最常见的有如下七种:(一)、在定语从句中加了多余的定语如:1.误:Some of the boys Iinvited them didn't come.正:Some of the boys I invited didn’t come .译:我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来析:应删去them ,因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom,who 或that.2.误:The book that you needit is in the library.正:The book that you need is in the library.44 译:你需要的书在图书馆里。

      析:应删去it,因为从句的宾语是关系代词that.(二)、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错如:1.误:Anyone who break thelaw will be punished.正:Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.译:任何违犯法律的人将被处罚析:应改break 为breaks, 因为who 指anyone, 是单数2.误:Those who has finishedmay go home.正:Those who have finished may go home.译:做完了的人现在可以回家析:应改has 为have ,因为who 指those ,是复数3.误:He is the only one ofthe teachers who know Frenchin our school.正:He is the only one of the teachers who knows French inour school .译:他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人析:应改know 为knows ,因为one 前有theonly 之类限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one,是单数,而不是复数名词theteachers 。

      4.误:This is one of therooms that is free now.正:This is one of the rooms that are free now.译:这是目前空着的房间之一45 析:应改is为are ,因为one 前没有theonly 之类的限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms ,而不是单数one 三)、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词.如:1.误:Children eat a lot ofsugar often have bad teeth.正:Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have badteeth .译:吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好.析:应加上关系代词who 或that, 因为从句少主语,且主语不能省略2.误:The key opens the bikeis missing.正:The key that/which opensthe bike is missing.译:开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了.析:应加上关系代词that 或which ,因为从句少主语,且主语不能省略四) 、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。

      如:1.误:The house where helives in needs repairing.正:The house where he lives needs repairing.或:The house he lives in needs repairing.译:他住的房子需要修理析:应保留where , 删去从句中的in, 因为关系副词where 在从句中作地点状语,in属多余或删去关系副词where ,因为where 在这里的意思是inwhich ,否则介词in就重复了46 2.误:I still remember theday on when I first came toBeijing .正:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.或:I still remember the day on which I first came toBeijing .译:我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景.析:应删去on,因为when 在这里的意思是onwhich ,否则介词on就重复了,或把when 改为which 五)、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。

      1.误:I still remember theday when we spent together.正:I still rememberthe day that /which we spent together .译:我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子析:应改when 为that 或which, 因为从句中谓语动词spent 是及物动词,其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语.2.误:This is the housewhere we lived in last year.正:This is the house which/thatwe lived in last year.译:这是我们去年住过的那个房子析:应改where 为which 或that ,因为从句谓语动词lived 后有介词in,其后少介词宾语,而不是地点状语六) 、在先行词reason 后错用关系副词why 如:1.误:Have you asked her forthe reason why may explainher47 absence?正:Have you asked her for the reason that/which mayexplain her absence?译:你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因?析:应改why 为that 或which ,因为定语从句缺少主语,而不是少原因状语。

      2.误:I don’t believe thereason why he has given for hisbeing late .正:I don’ t believe thereason that /which he has givenfor his being late.译:我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因析:应改why 为that 或which ,因为从句谓语动词hasgiven 后缺少宾语,而不是缺少原因状语七) 、误将强调句型当定语从句如:1.误:It was in the kitchenwhere the fire broke out.正:It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.译:大火发生在厨房.析:应将where 改that , 因为原句还原为Thefire broke out in thekitchen 后,在语法和句意上均成立,故此题是强调句型,而非定语从句2.误:Was it because itsnowed last night when you didn'tcome ?48 正:Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’tcome ?译:你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来?析: 应将when 改为that , 因为, 原句还原为Becauseitsnowed lastnight ,you didn"t come后,在语法和句意上均成立,故此题是强调句型而非定语从句.七.定语从句的注意事项1。

      一般说来,除了用定语从句解释名词或泛指外,先行词前应有定冠词 the 在限制性定语从句中 which,whom ,that 充当宾语时,可以省略.而在非限制性定语从句中 whom ,who ,which 不能省略3.在含有非限制性定语从句的复合句中从句与主句之间应该用逗号隔开定语从句与同位语从句的区别首先看引导从句的关系词 that是否在从句中充当句子成分如果在从句中充当主、宾、表,则是定语从句.再看 that 前的名词是否是一些需要有内容的名词,如:idea,fact ,thought ,news 等后面的从句是说明其内容的,(这个名词在后面的从句中部充当任何成分) ,这个从句则是同位语从句He expressedthe hope that he has had for many years.hope在从句中不充当句子成分,又加上后面从句是说明 hope的内容的,因此时同位语从句5.the reason why(=for which )是由 why 或 for which引导的49 定语从句而 the reason that也是 that 引导的定语从句that往往省略This is the reason why he was late.=This is thereason (that)he was late.6。

      当主句中有 who , which 时, 而定语从句中也要用到 who 或 which时,为 了避免 who… who, whic h…which 等重叠,定语从句用 that引导Who is the man that is standing by the door?Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?7.先行词为人和物作并列成分时,定语从句用 that 引导Johnand his dog that were here a moment ago disappear now.8不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时,用 that 引导定语从句,而that 通常省掉He is no longer the man that he was.9one of+ 可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中,谓语动词应用复数;而“one of+ 可数名词复数"前有 the ,only 或 the only修饰,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数 He is one of the studentswho study very hard at schoolHe is the(only/the only) one of the students who studiesvery hard at school。

      状状语语从从句句【考点直击】1. 时间状语从句2 条件状语从句3 原因状语从句4 结果状语从句5 比较状语从句50 6. 目的状语从句7 让步状语从句8. 地点状语从句【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词,副 词和形容词的从句叫状语从句.根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句, 原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比 较状语从句,目 的状语从句,让 步状语从句1. 时间状语从句(1) 时间状语从句常用 when, as, while , before, after , since,till, until , as soon as等连词来引导例如:It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rangAs he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to ChinaAfter he finishedmiddle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

      例如:I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New YorkI will tell him everything when he comes backHe won ’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3) 在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时",谓语动词只能用延续性动词如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……",“在……以前不……", 谓语动词可用瞬间动词.例如:The young man read till the light went outLet's wait until the rain stops.We won ’t start until Bob comes.Don ’t get off until the bus stops2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由 if, unless 引导例如:What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Don't leave the building unless I tell you to。

      2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态例如:I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrowHe won ’t be late unless he is ill.51 (3)“祈使句+ and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句例如:Hurry up, or you’ll be late If you don ’t hurry up , you ’ll be late Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam 原因状语从句(1) 原因状语从句通常由 because, since, as 引导例如:He didn ’t come to school because he was illAs it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someoneelse.(2)because 表示直接原因,语气最强。

      Because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后回 答由 why 提出的问题,只 能用 because.As和 since 语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因由 as 和 since 引导的原因状语从居多放在句首例如:——--—-Why aren ’t going there?---- ——Because I don’t want to.As he has no car, he can't get there easily.Since we have no money, we can ’t buy it 3)because和 so 不能同用在一个句子里4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由 so…that, such …that, so that引导例如:He is so poor that he can't buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn ’t see it.(2)so …that 语 such 。

      that 可以互换例如:在由 sothat 引导的结果状语从句中,so 是副词,与形容词连用.其结构是: “.so +形容词(副词)+ that +从句"例如:He was so glad that he couldn't say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her在由 such …that 引导的结果状语从句中,such 是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词 a 或 an例如:It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything52 Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in themid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。

      例如:It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to seeit again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see itagain It is such an importantmatch that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it3)如果名词前由 many, much , little , few 等词修饰时,只能用 so, 不用 such 例如:Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wildroses.He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema withyou.5 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由 as…as,比较级+ than …等连词引导.例如:Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.6。

      目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that , in order that引导例如:We started early so that we could catch the first trainHe studies hard so that he could work better in the futureWe used the computer in order that we might save time2)so that既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can , could , may , might等2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确例如:Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(结果状语从句)7. 让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由 although, though等连词引导例如:Though he is young, he knows a lot。

      53 Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although (though) 不能用在同一个句子中例如:我们不能说:Though it was raining hard, but he still wentout.应该说:Though it was raining hard,he still went out或 It was raining hard, but he still went out 地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由 where 来引导例如:Go where you likeWhere there is a will, there is a way.【实例解析】1 (2004 年北京市海淀区中考试题)You will stay healthy _______ you do more exercise, such asrunning and walkingA. ifB howC. beforeD. where答案:A该 题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择从 意思上看,从 句应是一个条件状语从句,在 这四个选项中只有 if 能引导条件状语从句,所以选 A.2. (2004 年江西省中考试题)-——Shall we go on working?---Yes , _________ I prefer to have a rest。

      A whenB ifC. becauseD though答案:D该 题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择从 意思上看,只有选 though 才能说得通3. (2004 年徐州市中考试题)None of us knew what had happened_________they told us about54 itA. whenB untilC afterD though答案:B.该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择本句的意思是 “ 在 …… 以 前 我 们 没 人 知 道 这 件 事 . ” 要 表 达 着 一 意 思 应 用“not …until ” 这一句型.4. (2004 年泉州市中考试题)--—I hope you ’ll enjoy your trip, dear!-—-Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a call _________I get there.A. untilB as soon asC. sinceD. till答案:B该 题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择本 题的意思是“一到那里,我就给你打"要表达这个意思应选用 as soonas.【中考演练】一. 单项填空1. _______ he’s old , he can still carry this heavy bag.A。

      ThoughB SinceC ForD. So2. ———Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us?--—I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow comes ; isB comes ; will beC. will come; isDwill come; will be3 In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim ,the dolphins may come up ______ him.A will fall ; to helpB. falls; to helpC will fall ; helpD falls; helping4. I don ’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he wasyoung.A whatB. whichC whereD. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow。

      A comesB comeC. will comeD. is coming55 6.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_______crossthestreet________ the traffic lights turned green not ; beforeB don ’t; whenC not to; untilDnot; after7 I was late for class yesterday _______ there was somethingwrong with my bike whenB thatC untilD because8. I ’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow.A. will beB shall beC. amD. was9In the exam,the________youare ,______the_______mistakes you will make careful; littleB. more careful; fewestC. more careful; fewerD. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to paly。

      A. beforeB afterC whenD. while11. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for classA. sinceB. so thatC. as ifD unless12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______you have any questions whichB. thatC whereD though13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students couldhear him forB so thatC becauseD. in order14 He took off his coat _______ he felt hot.A becauseB. asC. ifD. since15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walkA. a lovely dayB too lovely a dayC. so lovely a dayD。

      such lovely a day56 16. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her officeall day A. suchB. soC. tooD. very17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work AlthoughB BecauseC. AsD As if18 ______ the day went on, the weather got worse WithB SinceC. WhileD. As19. ______ well you can drive, you must drive carefullyA. So long asB In order thatC No matter howD. The moment20 Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing will getB getC gettingD got二 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1 不管他跟我开什麽玩笑,我都不生气。

      I am not angry with him, _______ _______ ______ jokes he ______on me 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切,以至于学生把她当做母亲.Mrs Bruce was _______kind to her students______ they ______her _____ their mother3. 只要我们竭尽全力,父母就会满意我们的表现Our parents will be pleased with our performance _____ ___________ we try our best.57 4 你一到上海就给我打个好吗?Willyoupleasecallme__________________yougettoShanghai 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴,以至于他已经坚持练习两年了.The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______ ____________ she has keptpracticing for two years.6. 虽然她很忙,他还坚持自学英语._______ _______ ______ _______ , she kept on learningEnglishby herself.7. 他长大后相当一名记者.He wants to be a journalist ______ _______ _______ _______。

      8. 无论刮风下雨,我们的老师总是第一个到校 _______ windy or rainy, our teacher is always thefirst to get to school.9 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献,世界将会变得更美好toprotectingtheenvironment, the world will become much more beautiful 李明昨天没来上学,因为他病了.Li Ming didn ’t come to school ____________________ ______ 练习答案】一. 1.A 2C 3.B 4.C 5 A 6.C 7D 8.C 9.C 10 A 11B 12C 13.B58 14A 15.C 16 B 17.A 18.D 19C 20.B二. 1. no matter what ; plays 2.so ; that ; regarded;as 3 aslong as 4 as long as 5. so much that 6. Though she was busy7. when he grows up 8Whether it's9。

      If everyone makesa contribution 10 because he was ill59 。

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