红色英勇勋章斯蒂芬克莱恩.ppt

Crane1.Biography2.Works 2.1. Fictions 2.2. Short stories 2.3. poetry3.The Red Badge of Courage4. Review, Style and techniqueStephen2021/6/1611. BiographyStephen￿Stephen￿Crane￿Crane￿(November 1, 1871 – June 5, 1900) was an American novelist, short story writer, poet and journalist. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism (美国自然主义) and Impressionism（（印象主义））. He is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation.2021/6/162 The eighth surviving child of highly devout parents, Crane was raised in several New Jersey towns and Port Jervis, New York. He began writing at the age of four and had published several articles by the age of 16. Having little interest in university studies, he left school in 1891 and began work as a reporter and writer. During the final years of his life, he covered conflicts in Greece and Cuba, and lived in England with Cora, where he befriended writers. Plagued by financial difficulties and ill health, Crane died of tuberculosis (肺结核) in a Black Forest sanatorium（黑森林疗养院） at the age of 28.Crane in military uniform in 1888 at the age of 172021/6/163 斯蒂芬·克莱恩（Stephen Crane），是美著名的文学家，在他短暂一生中，创作了许多优秀著作，其中长篇小说《红色的英勇标志》奠定了他在美国文坛上不可动摇的地位。

　 他出身于新泽西州纽瓦克的牧师家庭，曾在两所大学中肄业，18911891年轻学去纽约任记者记者18931893年写了一部中篇小说《《街头女郎街头女郎梅季梅季》》，取材于纽约贫民窟的生活18941894年开始分期发表另一部小说《《红色英勇勋章红色英勇勋章》》，1895年成书这部小说获得欧美各国重视后，《街头女郎梅季》遂得以重新出版18961896年，去古巴古巴采访，途中轮船遇到风暴他根据这次经历写成短篇小说《《海上扁舟海上扁舟》》(1898)(1898)，细致地描写了4个人怎样在茫茫大海中挣扎与战斗，是美国短篇小说中的一个名篇1898年再次去古巴采访美西战争1900年因肺病死于欧洲 　　克莱思也是一位诗人，曾发表过《《黑骑者黑骑者》》(1895)(1895)和《《战争战争是仁慈的是仁慈的》》(1899)(1899)两部诗集他的诗写法自由，不顾传统的音节和韵律，风格朴质简洁，常常通过寓言式的意象揭示生活的某个真理评论界认为他与女诗人艾米莉艾米莉··狄更生（狄更生（Emily Emily DickinsonDickinson））同为美国现代诗歌的先驱2021/6/1641885 —— Crane wrote his first story titled “Uncle Jake and the Bell-Handle”, which was not published during his lifetime.1887 —— Crane withdrew from Pennington in protest of hazing charges.1888 —— Crane enrolled at Hudson River Institute (Claverack College) in Claverack, New York.1890.2 —— Crane’s first sketch titled “Henry M. Stanely” was published in the school magazine, the Vidette.1890.9 —— Crane entered Lafayette College as a mining engineering student, but he did not regularly attend class.1891 —— Crane transferred to Syracuse University and became a Syracuse correspondent for the New York Tribune. He also began to writing “Maggie: A Girl of the Street”. In June he quit college.2021/6/16518921892 —— Five of Crane’s Sullivan County Sketches appeared in the New York Tribune in July, and his first New York city sketch titled “The Broken-Down Van” was published. However, the Tribune fired Crane for writing a bitterly sarcastic article on the Junior Order of United American Mechanics.1893 —— Although Maggie: A Girl of the Streets was rejected by several publisher; Crane published himself under the pseudonym Johnston Smith. He began writing The Red Badge of Courage.1894 —— Crane sold an abridged version of The Red Badge of Courage to Bachelor-Johnson Syndicate for ninety dollars, and it first appeared in the Philadelphia Press. Crane’s other short stories and social sketches appeared in the Arena and New York Press.2021/6/1661895——Crane embarked on an American West and Mexico trip while writing special articles for the Bachelor-Johnson Syndicate. He published a free verse volume titled The Black Riders and Other Lines.Appleton published the complete version of The Red Badge of Courage; it became a best seller and won a large following in England.1896——Crane’s George’s Mother, a revised version of Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, and his first short story collection titled The Little Regiment and Other Episodes of the American Civil War were published.1897——Attempting to carry contraband to Cuban rebels, Crane and the vessel the Commodore were shipwrecked off the Florida coast; these experiences caused him to write The Open Boat. 2021/6/1671898——Crane reported during the Spanish-American War for the New York World and the New York Journal. Richard Harding Davis said Crane was the best war correspondent in Cuba. 1899——Crane published War is kind, Crane began to writing extensively to pay off mounting debts. He also began The O’Ruddy, his final book.1900——Crane suffered from several tuberculosis attacks and died. He was buried at Hillside, New Jersey.2021/6/168II. WorksThe Little Regiment 小兵团的故事Three Miraculous Soldiers 三个神奇的士兵A Mystery of Heroism 神秘的英雄主义An Indiana Campaign 印第安运动A Grey Sleeve 灰色的袖子The Veteran 退伍军人The Open Boat 海上扁舟The Reluctant Voyagers 被迫的航海家The End of the Battle 战斗的结束Upturned Face 仰着的脸庞2.1. FictionsActive Service Maggie, A Girl of the Streets 街头女郎梅季The Red Badge of Courage 红色英勇勋章The Third Violet 第三朵紫罗兰2.2. Short Stories2021/6/169An Episode of War 战争集An Experiment in Misery 苦难中的一个实验The Duel That Was Not Fought 不能转战的决斗A Desertion 遗弃A Dark-Brown Dog 一条暗棕色的狗The Pace of Youth 青春的脚步A Tent in Agony Four Men in a CaveThe Mesmeric MountainThe SnakeLondon ImpressionsThe Scotch Express2.2. Short Stories2.3. PoetryWar Is Kind2021/6/1610III. The Red Badge of CourageIII. The Red Badge of Courage During an unnamed conflict of the American Civil War, 18-year-old private Henry Fleming deserts his battalion, considering the battle to be a lost cause. Escaping into a nearby forest, he finds a group of injured men. One member of the group, the "Tattered Soldier", asks Henry (who is often referred to as "The Youth") where he is wounded. Henry, embarrassed that he does not have any wounds, leaves the group and wanders through the forest. He ultimately decides that running was the best thing, and that he is a small part of the army that is responsible for saving himself.2021/6/1611Henry later learns that his battalion has won the battle, and feels incredibly guilty. As a result, he returns to his battalion. He is involved in a dispute with a cannon operator, who hits Henry in the head when the boy refuses to let go of the gunner's arm. When Henry returns to camp, the other soldiers believe his head injury to be caused by a bullet grazing him in battle.The next morning Henry goes into battle for the third time. While looking for a stream from which to get water, he discovers from the commanding officer that his regiment has a lackluster reputation. The officer speaks casually about sacrificing Henry's regiment because they are nothing more than "mule drivers" and "mud diggers". With no regiments to spare, the general orders his men forward. In the final battle, Henry becomes one of the best fighters in his battalion as well as the flag bearer, finally proving his courage as a man. 2021/6/1612￿￿￿￿￿￿￿小说以美国南北战争为历史背景。

主人公亨利是一个农妇的独子他怀着对战争的奇妙幻想，不顾母亲的劝阻，参加了北方军（即联盟军）经过几个月平静的军营生活，部队奉命开往前线去作战激烈的战斗场面虽然对他有刺激性的引诱，但死亡的威胁在他心里发生着强烈的动摇作用战场上的炮声解除了他的矛盾心理，勇敢地投入了战斗，但当遭到敌人突然袭击时，他惊恐万状，扔下枪枝，从阵地上逃跑了当他听到北方军重又获胜的消息时，他悔恨不已为了弥补这一过错，他冒着危险打听前方部队的消息，但不幸被从火线上溃退下来的一个士兵用枪托打伤了脑袋一个过路的战士见他可怜，就把他送回到原来的兵团￿￿￿￿伙伴们见障利负了伤，以为他在战斗中挂了彩，不仅不怀疑他是逃兵，反而敬佩他那种负伤不下火线的勇敢精神可是亨利并未因此在良心上得到宽慰他万分羞愧，暗暗下决心寻找立功机会2021/6/1613接着，部队转移阵地当冲锋被击溃，战士们都停止射击的时候，亨利还在一个劲地射击他那种近似于疯狂的勇敢，立即使他成为英雄亨利克服了对战争的恐惧心理，忘却羞愧的往事，恢复了自信心以后，亨利又立了大功一次在与敌人短兵相接的混战中，他突然看到炮火中的战旗，一种对战旗狂热的爱突然在他心中油然升起他奋不顾身地冲上去，从死者手中接过战旗，领着部队冲上去。

亨利以他无畏的英雄气概受到了上级的赞赏此后，亨利还常被内疚的心理困扰他虽然立了功，但始终未能摆脱那临阵逃跑的回忆但他终于领悟到，自己的灵魂经过炮火的洗礼已发生根本变化；他的精神得以解放，希望和憧憬又在心中复活了￿2021/6/1614Young Soldier (Henry Fleming)An 18-year-old farm-boy. He has read extensively about battles in the past, but has never been in battle before. Henry wishes to be courageous in battle because he fears for his reputation above all else, and wants others to think highly of him.Tall Soldier(Jim Conklin)A strong, self-reliant pragmatist (爱管闲事的人), he's proud to do his duty, talks much but complains little, and enjoys eating. After he is shot in battle, he wishes to die alone, and wanders off into the field before finally collapsing and dying.Loud Soldier/Friend(Tom Wilson)He is a ultimately dynamic character who at the beginning of the novel boasts that he's not afraid of battle, but before the first battle even starts, he nervously gives his letters and personal effects to Henry for safekeeping. When Henry returns to the regiment with the head wound, Wilson cares for Henry and lets him have his blanket.Major characters2021/6/1615The The Red Badge of Courage Red Badge of Courage is considered one of the most influential works in American literature. The novel, a depiction on the cruelty of the American Civil War, features a young recruit who overcomes initial fears to become a hero on the battlefield. The book made Crane an international success. Although he was born after the war and had not at the time experienced battle firsthand, the novel is considered an example of American Naturalism（美国自然主义）.Review2021/6/1616It was widely heralded for its realistic portrayal of war and unique writing style.As a war novel, it focuses less on battle and more on the main character's psyche and his reactions and responses in a wartime situation.It has a heavily ironic tone.There is a strong connection in the novel between humankind and nature.Crane wrote from the perspective that human consciousness distanced humans from nature.This distance is paired with a great number of references to animals, and men with animalistic characteristics.2021/6/1617IV. Review, Style and technique1. Today, Crane is considered one of the most innovative writers of the 1890s.His peers, including Conrad and James, as well as later writers such as Robert Frost, Ezra Pound and Willa Cather, hailed Crane as one of the finest creative spirits of his time.2. Crane was "the first expression of the opening mind of a new period, or, at least, the early emphatic phase of a new initiative."Review2021/6/16183. Crane was "the best writer of our generation, and his untimely death was an irreparable loss to our literature".4. Conrad wrote that Crane was an "artist" and "a seer with a gift for rendering the significant on the surface of things and with an incomparable insight into primitive emotions".5. Hemingway wrote in The Green Hills of Africa that “ The good writers are Henry James(亨利·詹姆斯), Stephen Crane(史蒂芬·克雷), and Mark Twain(马克·吐温). 2021/6/16191. Stephen Crane's fiction is typically categorized as representative of Naturalism（自然主义）, Realism（现实主义）, Impressionism（印象主义） or a mixture of the three. In Crane's writing and Impressionist painting（印象主义绘画）including the use of color and chiaroscuro（明暗法）.2. There were three basic variations, or "norms"（规划） of Crane's narrative style. A. “flexible, swift, abrupt and nervous”.（《The Red Badge of Courage》） B. "supple majesty".（《The Open Boat》） C. "much more closed, circumstantial and 'normal' in feeling and syntax", （ 《The Monster》）Style and techniqueStyle and technique2021/6/16203. Crane's writing, both fiction and non-fiction, is consistently driven by immediacy and is at once concentrated, vivid and intense. 4. Crane was often criticized by early reviewers for his frequent incorporation of everyday speech into dialogue, mimicking the regional accents of his characters with colloquial stylization.2021/6/1621Made by Christie Young Audrey Lei Rabbit Xia Stella Zhang2021/6/16221.Biography2.Works 2.1. Fictions 2.2. Short stories 2.3. poetry3.The Red Badge of Courage4. Review, Style and technique2021/6/1623 结束束语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！。