冠词用法及习题.doc

第一讲PartⅡ 冠 词冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点基本用法 当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物 一、定冠词的基本用法： ① 表示上文提到过的人或事物如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物如：Close the window, please.③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等④ 用于表示方位的名词之前如：the east, the right.⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前如：the first, the tallest.⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化如：the sick, the wounded.⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。

如：the United States, the United Nation.⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”如：The Smiths⑩ 用于乐器的名词前如：play the piano; play the violin.⑾　发明物如：The compass was invented in China. ⑿　年代名词前如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 　　⒀　固定词组中如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time二、不定冠词的基本用法：① 泛指一个如：There is a book on the table.② 指人或事物的某一种类如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。

如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐⑤ 表示同样的如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 　　⑦ 使抽象名词具体化如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"）　　⑧ 固定搭配如：A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden(突然), as a matter of fact(实际上), in a hurry(匆忙的), in a word(简言之), have a good time(玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(帮忙), pay a visit to(访问), as a rule(惯例), as a whole(总之), in a day or two(一两天), in a way(在某种程度上), of a size(大小相同), have a word with sb.(与…交谈), make a living(谋生), take a pride in(自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座)), a great deal of(大量), be a pity(遗憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧)), many a(许多), catch a cold(感冒). 三、不用冠词的情况：① 表示总称的复数名词之前。

如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片② 不含普通名词的专有名词前如：We are studying English.③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词如：She likes spring most.⑤ 呼语前不用冠词如：What shall I do next, Mother?⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词如：What did you have for lunch?⑦ 节假日前不用冠词如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词如：She is fond of playing basketball.⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。

四.注意：冠词与抽象名词连用，抽象名词具体化，表示“一场，一次，一件”等意思，如：a pleasure, a surprise, a joy, a pity, an honor, a knowledge of , a success等五. 用冠词与不用冠词的差异在某些习惯用语中，用还是不用冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很大，使用时要特别注意 at table进餐at the table在桌子旁in hospital住院in the hospital在医院里by sea乘船（由海路）by the sea在海边go to sea当水手go to the sea去海边in future从今以后，将来in the future未来on earth究竟on the earth在地球上，在世上go to school 上学Go to the school到学校去in front of在…（外部的）前面in the front of在…（内部的）前面on horseback骑着马on the horseback在马背上take place发生take the place of代替two of us我们当中的两人the two of us我们两人（共计两人）out of question毫无疑问，一定out of the question不可能on the whole = in general大体上，一般地as a whole = altogether全部地，整体A most important meeting一个重要的会议The most important meeting最重要的会议A third time又一次the third time第三次at a distance稍远一些in the distance在远处A number of许多the number of…的数目for a moment一会儿for the moment目前，暂时be in charge of负责…be in the charge of负责，在…掌管之下by day在白天by the day按日计算in possession of拥有in the possession of为…所有in sight of能看见in the sight of据…的见解in place of代替in the place of在…的地方be of age成年be of an age同龄take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告He is still in office.他仍在执政He is still in the office.他仍在办公室里Exercise 1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）. A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door. A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen. A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived. A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American. A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every8. He was absent because he had caught ____. A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet cloth。