2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前模拟强化练习题25（附答案详解）.docx

2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题President Coolidge's statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers' dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.1. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “（ ）”.2. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only （ ）.3. Who can benefit from business competition?4. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by （ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes （ ）.问题1选项A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB.Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business问题2选项A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition问题3选项A.Honest businessmenB.Both businessmen and their customersC.People with ideals of equality and freedomD.Both business institutions and government问题4选项A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in preserving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership问题5选项A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB.in many countries success often depends on one's social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】语义推测题。

题干意思是“句子‘The business of America is business’可能是什么意思？”第一段truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government.（真相就是在美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何类型的组织有更多的威望）说明美国人很关注商业因此The business of America is business表达的意思是“商业是美国人第一关心的”A选项“美国商业机构关注的是商业”，这个选项逻辑没问题，但是比较片面；B项“商业问题对美国政府很重要”和D项“美国是全球商业的强国”没提到故该题选C2.【试题解析】细节事实题题干意思是“美国人相信他们只有怎样才能实现他们的个人价值？”第二段最后一句Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.（竞争不仅本身是良好的，它还是一种保护手段，其他基本的美国人价值观都是受它的保护，如个人自由、机会均等和努力工作等），由此可知美国人是可以通过竞争实现他们的个人价值。

B项“通过做生意”没有提到，A项“给予平等的机会”和C项“保护个人自由”都是包括在竞争的保护机制里面，最终还是通过竞争才能实现自己的价值因此D选项正确3.【试题解析】细节事实题题干意思是“商业竞争对谁有利？”第三段第三句if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly.（如果一个商业机构试图不公平地利用它的顾客，它就会输给那些对待顾客更公平的竞争对手），由此推断出竞争不仅有利于顾客的利益，也有利于公平对待客户的商业机构A项“诚实的商人”不够全面；C项“拥有平等和自由理想的人们”和D项“商业机构和政府”中的政府均未提及因此B选项“商人和顾客”正确4.【试题解析】判断推理题题干意思是“人们认为政府与商业有显著的不同，因为政府的特点是什么？”第四段第一句A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly.（竞争的商业和政府的垄断总是经常拿来对比），可以推断出政府和商业竞争相比，政府的垄断是权利上的操控，B项“保护个人自由的。