新概念第一册知识点总结材料.pdf

word 1 / 12 新概念第一册知识点总结名词名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数变化不可数名词没有可数名词单数变复数规如此：1)单数名词加 s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.2)以 s、x、sh、ch 结尾的名词加 es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.3)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加 es: cities, babies, enemies.4)以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，多数变f 为 v 加 es: wives, knives.但有些词只加 s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.5)以 o 结尾的名词，有些加 es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加 s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.6)不规如此名词： foot feet, goosegeese, toothteeth, childchildren, manme n, womanwomen, sheep sheep, deerdeer, mouse mice. 代词第 一 人 称第 二 人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主 格I we you you he she it they 宾 格me us you you him her it them 物主代词形 容 词性my our your your his her its their 名词性mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs I. 人称代词 :人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。

宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语 . Eg: a. Im a nurse.b.Could you help me ? II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词. 形容词性的物主代词 :相当于形容词 ,后面要跟名词 ,指定名词的所属对象 . 名词性的物主代词 :相当于一个名词 ,必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词. Eg: a. Your school is small, mine is big.(=my book) b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen) 时态一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为与现在的某种状况word 2 / 12 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays根本结构： be动词； 行为动词否认形式： am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词假如为行为动词，如此在其前加dont ,如主语为第三人称单数，如此用doesnt，同时 复原 行为动词。

一般疑问句： 把 be 动词放于句首； 用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，如此用 does，同时，复原行为动词My father is a doctor. Tom isn t at home.Are they policemen? I often get up at 7 oclock every morning.He doesn t like apples.Do you always read before going to bed? What do you usually do on Sundays? 一般现在时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要变第三人称单数，变化规如此如下： 1) 一般情况下，动词后面直接加 -s. 例如： works gets says reads 2) 以s，x ，ch，sh或 o 结尾的动词， 在后面加 -es例如：goes teaches washes 3) 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，把 y 变为 i 再加 -es. 例如：studies tries carries 特殊情况：动词 have 的第三人称单数是 has例如：He has an interesting book. 二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, the other day, long long ago, once upon a time, .根本结构： be动词； 行为动词否认形式： was/were+not;在行为动词前加 didnt ，同时 复原 行为动词一般疑问句： was 或 were放于句首； 用助动词 do的过去式 did 提问，同时复原行为动词I was at my mothers last week.Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl whose name was Snow White. Lucy went to America five months ago. I didnt go to the cinema last night.Did Lily dance at the party? What did you do yesterday? 动词的过去式变化：be动词： am/is-was are-were 规如此动词：1. 直接在词尾加 -ed。

如: wantwanted, workworked, need needed, cleancleaned 2. 以不发音的 e结尾的在词尾加 -d如： likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved 3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed如： stopstopped, triptripped word 3 / 12 4. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，先把y 变成 i，再加 -ed如： studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried 不规如此动词：Have-had eat-ate drink-drank go-went e-came see-saw hear-heard put-put cut-cut 等等三、现在进展时 ：概念：表示 此时此刻或现阶段正在 进展的动作与行为时间状语： now, at this time, these days, 根本结构： am/is/are+doing 否认形式： am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把 be动词放于句首。

They are playing basketball on the playground. I am not reading anything. Is he waiting for the bus? What are you doing now? 动词 ing 形式的变化规如此：1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加ing work - working sleep - sleeping study - studying 2 动词以不发音的 e结尾，要去 e加ing take - taking make - making dance - dancing 3 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加ing cut - cutting put - putting begin - beginning 4 以ie 结尾的动词，把变成y 再加 ing lie - lying tie - tying die - dying 四、过去进展时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进展的行为或动作时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time或以 when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

根本结构： was/were+doing 否认形式： was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把 was或 were放于句首I was listening to the radio at 7 this morning. He was cleaning the car when I arrived. What was he doing at this time yesterday? 五、现在完成时：概念： 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态时间状语： alreaday, just,yet, since, for, .根本结构： have/has + done 否认形式： have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句： have或 hasHe has lost his wallet. I have already had my lunch. David hasn t finished his homework yet.word 4 / 12 Have you seen this film? Mary has been a translator for 20 years. They have lived here since 1987. How long have you lived here? 动词过去分词变化规如此：规如此动词： 规如此动词的过去分词变化规如此与过去式变化规如此一样，包括4 条。

1. 直接在词尾加 -ed如: wantwanted, workworked, need needed, cleancleaned 2. 以不发音的 e结尾的在词尾加 -d如： likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved 3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed如： stopstopped, triptripped 4. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，先把y 变成 i，再加 -ed如： studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried 不规如此动词：需要特殊记忆Be 动词-been have-had go-gone e-e eat-eaten drink-drunk 等等六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准， 在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即 “ 过去的过去 时间状语： before, after.根本结构： had + done. 否认形式： had + not + done. 一般疑问句： had放于句首。

The bus had already left before I arrived at the station. He went to the park after he had finished his work. 七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态与打算、计划或准备做某事时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, 根本结构： am/is/are going to + do ；will + do. 否认形式： am/is/are not going to + do ；will not + do 一般疑问句： be放于句首； will 提到句首My family are going to Beijing next week. It is going to rai。