跨文化交际视听说演讲资料.ppt

Presentation :Hofstede’s Cultural DimensionsThe outline of our presentation•Four Parts:lpart one : Collectivism & Individualismlpart two: Power Distancelpart three: Uncertainty Avoidancelpart four: Masculine & Femininity•**•**•**•***•**•***Group members and the division of the workPart  one  &Part  two  &Part  three  &Part  four  &vedio resourceswritten resources Give the presentationConcludTuptim and Balat  are lovers ,but Tuptim is sent into Palace.Tuptim's father presents his  daughter,Tuptim,for the king The King and Tuptim. Tuptim becomes one of the king’s wife.Tuptim wants to study English for pleasing the king.Tuptim's view about the King. Tuptim ask Anna to deliver a letter to her family.Anna bring a letter to Tuptim which was written by Balat.Balat wrote to her for farewells ,and then he goes to the monastery.Tuptim comes to see Balat after received his letter.Anna￿meet￿with￿Tuptim.In￿order￿to￿pursure￿her￿true￿love,￿Tuptim￿disguises￿herself￿in￿the￿monastery.Tuptim is arrested by the army.Tuptim is accused of a traitorous act against the king. Tuptim is judged by the judge.Anna comes to intercede with King for Tuptim.The king refuses her request.IndividualismCollectivismPower DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceMasculineFemininityCollectivism & IndividualismＷhat Is Individualism？•Individualists promote the exercise of one's goals and desires and so value independence and self-reliance and advocate that interests of the individual should achieve precedence over the state or a social group.(个人英雄主义的图片) Collectivism is any philosophic, political, religious, economic, or social outlook that emphasizes the interdependence of every human. Ｗhat￿Is￿Collectivism？Performance￿of￿individualism￿&￿CollectivismIndividualismCollectivismFreedom, human rightsgroup loyalty, interdependenceRespect for the individualthe strong sense of the collective honor.The pursuit of happiness for the individualthe priority of group goals over individual goals. System security for the individualharmony,humility,courtesy,face-savingequalityhierarchyThe￿differences￿between￿Individualism￿and￿CollectivismCollectivist stress the importance of cohesion within social groups.And in some cases,the priority of group goals over individual goals. When the collective interests of all individuals are violated, the superiority of collectivism will perfectly reflected.Individualists promote the exercise of one's goals and desires and so value independence and self-reliance and advocate that interests of the individual should achieve precedence over the state or a social group.Individualism filmlSaving Private Ryan、Battle in Seattle、lSuperman、Spider-Man、Batman、lIron Man and so on.Collectivism filmlassembly bugle-calls、lSanggamyong Ridge、lred women's detachment etc.In an individualist culture, the interest of the individual prevails over the interests of the group. While in a collectivist culture, the interest of the group prevails over the interest of the individual.That’s see when facing the problem,what Anna and the king will do…At first,the king didn’t want  to sentence Tuptim  to death.But due to Anna’s intervention，，he  has to show that he won’t listen to Anna who is a woman and also a foreigner.He has to keep his majesty as the king ，，and then he can remain his power in his country，，and make his country’s safety for sure. He gave up  Tuptim, for the sake of his country and his national.IndividualismCollectivismPower DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceMasculineFemininityPower DistanceWhat is power distance?“Power distance as a characteristic of a culture defines the extent to which the less powerful person in society accepts inequality in power and considers it as normal.” (Hoftede, 1980)And in order to measure the degree of the Power distance of a country.The Power distance Index was introduced.Power Distance Index ：权利差距指数：权利差距指数￿￿￿Some￿features￿￿of￿￿PDIHigh power distance cultureuIt’s acceptable for a supervisor to display his authority;u If something goes wrong, the subordinates are usually blamed for not doing their proper job;uTeachers are treated respectfully;Low power distance cultureuSupervisors are expected to treat employees respectfully;uIf something goes wrong, the superior is usually blamed by giving unrealistic expectations or being too strictuTeachers are simply employees;30Low-powerHigh-powerconsultative democratic equalcomfortable  autocratic(专制的专制的)  paternalistic formal  hierarchical There is a great power distance between supervisor and subordinate in  Siam society, which presents a sharp contrast to that in the west.  There are some examples:    1.In Siam, men and women  are different in  social status 2.A great gap of power distance exist between the nobles and  slaves 3. The king is supremeAnd in Tuptim’s story…Tuptim  is accused of  a traitorous act against the king. At first she didn’t want to defend herself because of the unfair treatment.The judge,who have  higher power,just force Tuptim to admit what she haven’t done.Tuptim argues that she and Balat  are innocent,but none of the judges listen to her.They just cane her and sentence her to death .The power distance makes Tuptim unable to do anything but wait for the death. High power distanceMalaysia        马来西亚马来西亚   104 Guatemala　　    危地马拉危地马拉  95 Panama　　       巴拿马巴拿马       95 Philippines　　    菲律宾菲律宾      94 Mexico　　       墨西哥墨西哥     81 China          中国中国            80Low power distanceAmerica     美国美国               40 Ireland      爱尔兰爱尔兰           28 New Zealand  新西兰新西兰            22   Denmark　　 丹麦丹麦            18   Israel　　  以色列以色列               13   Austria　　 奥地利奥地利           11Examples in school•Classes in low-power distance countries•Classes in high-power distance countriesIn Chinese CulturePower  distance  always exist.High Power DistanceThe same thing still happpens in China.The high power distance exists everywhere.Advantages In low-power distance countries★Everyone can bring his potencial into play.★The relationship will become much more harmonious. In high-power distance countries★The efficiency will become much higher.Disadvantages In low-power distance countries ★The effiency may be influenced by the freedom. In high-power distance countries ★The staff’s attitudes may be quite unzealous . ★It may cause power abuse.IndividualismCollectivismPower DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceMasculineFemininityUncertainty AvoidanceUncertainty AvoidanceUncertainty Avoidance, "a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity".The uncertainty avoidance dimension expresses the degree to which a person in society feels uncomfortable with a sense of uncertainty and ambiguity.Uncertainty avoidance Index(UAI)：不确定性规避指数：不确定性规避指数   And in order to measure the degree of the Uncertainty Avoidance of a country.The uncertainty avoidance Index was introduced.Some￿features￿￿of￿￿UAIl   Countries exhibiting strong Uncertainty avoidance Index,maintain rigid codes of belief and behavior and are intolerant of not traditonal behavior and ideas.l Weak UAI societies maintain a more relaxed attitude in which practice counts more than principles.lPeople in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance tend to be more emotional.They try to minimize the occurrence of unknown and unusual circumstances and to proceed with careful changes step by step by planning and by implementing rules, laws and regulations. l In contrast, low uncertainty avoidance cultures accept and feel comfortable in unstructured situations or changeable environments and try to have as few rules as possible. People in these cultures tend to be more pragmatic, they are more tolerant of change.When Tuptim is sending to the execution ,all the people are mad and excited,they all think Tuptim should be punished.Though Tuptim didn’t do anything which will damage their interest,something is deep in their mind that their trandtion can’t be broken. Tuptim not only betray the king but also disguise herself in the monastery.They are nervous about Tuptim’s unusual behavior and they can’t  tolerate it.In the movieStudents in U.S. consider answering a question even if they are not so sure about the answer. If they have a thought, an idea, they like to share it with their fellow students and are open to feedback and criticism. Their Japanese counterparts, on the other hand, answer a question only if they are absolutely certain about the answer. This behavior of two contemporary human communities displays different approaches to uncertainty.Some examples: On the base of our knowledge we can see that nations with a strong uncertainty-avoidance tendency are Portugal, Greece, Peru, Belgium, Japan and our China. A higher level of anxiety and stress also characterizes them: People think of the uncertainty inherent in life as a continuous hazard that must be avoided. IndividualismCollectivismPower DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceMasculineFemininityMasculine & FemininityThe Definition of Femininity Femininity (also called womanliness or womanhood) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with girls and women. Femininity is socially constructed, but made up of both socially-defined and biologically-created factors.This makes it distinct from the definition of the biological female sex.Feminine vs female The mean of FeminineThe mean of female “女的”、“女性的”、“雌的” “有女性气质的”collocation of common words of Femininecollocation of common words of female nature，sympathy，weakness，virtue，frivolity，curiosity，voice，pursuits，hobbies，clothes child，friend，companion，heir，ruler，servant，ward，voice，figure，suffrage，education，animal，plantthe antonymy of Femininethe antonymy of femaleMasculine maleFeminine Qualities vs Masculine QualitiesFeminine QualitiesMasculine Qualitiestender, weak, sensitive, shy, sympathetic, dependent, soft, gentle, caring, considerate, delicate, tolerant, cautious, careful, timid, neat and cleanstrong, brave, adventurous, independent, courageous, creative, bold, persistent, manipulative, confident, competent, dominating, vigorous The Birth of Venus is a classic representation of femininity painted by Sandro Botticelli.Venus was a Roman goddess principally associated with love, beauty and fertility. Direct competition of physical skill and strength is a feature of masculinity which appears in some form in virtually every culture on Earth. Here, two U.S. Marines compete in a wrestling match."iron man 3" In "iron man 3", Tony stark will meet the challenge of a Nemesis has infinite power. Face life had been destroyed, there is no way to retreat, stark must depend on oneself excellent high-tech equipment and wisdom, to protect themselves and their closest person, find out the real culprits behind the scenes at the same time. When he eventually positive Nemesis, ready to give a fatal blow, has long been plagued stark question - what is armor made him, or he has created the armor - have the answer.THE HOURS 　　 The film is about several hours in three heroines’ lives. After these hours, their lives have encountered great changes. One gets the relieved through suicide, one chose to abandon her family and leave alone for a strange place, and out of the fetters, the other begins to enjoy life with her same-sex partner. It revels that women begin to realize that life should be for themselves, but not just living for other’s love and obligation, and they has to find their own way to release themselves from it.  Life is long for them. Each of them is oppressed and eager to struggle for liberation. It is significantly needed in that time and promotes the emancipation of women minds. From the film, we can kown.I realize that we all live alone mentally, and what we should do is to enjoy the hours in our lives and to do anything you like,just for ourselves.THE HOURSclassical lines about the film 1.To￿look￿life￿in￿the￿face,￿always,￿to￿look￿life￿inthe￿face￿and￿to￿know￿it￿for￿what￿it￿is.￿At￿last￿to￿know￿it,￿to￿love￿it￿for￿what￿it￿is,￿and￿then,￿to￿put￿it￿away.￿￿￿￿2.But￿if￿it￿is￿a￿choice￿between￿Richmond￿and￿death,￿I￿choose￿death.￿￿￿3.You￿don't￿have￿to￿do￿anything￿you￿don't￿want￿to￿do.You￿can￿do￿as￿you￿like.￿￿￿4.You￿cannot￿find￿peace￿by￿avoiding￿life.￿￿￿5.Someone￿has￿to￿die￿in￿order￿that￿the￿rest￿of￿us￿should￿value￿life￿more.￿It's￿contrast.Each country has each culture, we can not treat any countries at the same attitude. In the business, an American clerk will never understand why staff should stay in the same company for all his/her life. So there will be conflict between them because that is culture influence that not every culture can be adapt to another culture. In a word, the difference is inevitable,and we should treat every culture equally.Conclusion   Thanks for your Thanks for your attentionattention！！。