新视野大学英语读写教程第三版第四册unit3A.ppt

To get deeper insights into textTo make creative use of EnglishTo be better at writing in EnglishABCAimsConteContentsnts1 12 23 34 4Warming-up Activities5 5Interactive ReadingExtraction & ApplicationWriting Model & PracticeFurther DevelopmentAAB BC CGetting Familiar with Background Information1. Warming-up ActivitiesTopic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseVideo Watching & Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. Born August 11, 1944, Frederick Wallace Smith is the founder, chairman, president and CEO of FedEx Corp., the first and most successful overnight express delivery service in the world. The company is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. A. Background Information Frederick Wallace Smith and FedEx (1)Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. A. Background Information Smith was raised by his mother and uncles after his father, the founder of a restaurant chain and a motor coach company, died when he was only 4. Owing to his great interest in flying, Smith became an amateur pilot as a teen. In 1962, he entered Yale University, whereFrederick Wallace Smith and FedEx (2)Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. A. Background Information he received his Bachelor’s degree. In his college years, he had an enthusiasm for aviation and played an important role in Yale’s flying club. After graduation, Smith joined the US Marine Corps, serving from 1966 to 1970. As a Marine, he had the opportunity to observe theFrederick Wallace Smith and FedEx (3)Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. A. Background Information military’s logistics system first-hand. He carefully observed the procurement (采购) and delivery procedures, fine-tuning his dream for an overnight delivery service. On June 18, 1971, Smith founded Federal Express with his $4 millionFrederick Wallace Smith and FedEx (4)Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. A. Background Information inheritance and money raised in venture capital. His focus was on developing an integrated air-ground system. He developed FedEx on the business idea of a shipment version of a bank clearing house, where one bank clearing houseFrederick Wallace Smith and FedEx (5)Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. A. Background Information was located in the middle of the representative banks and all their representatives would be sent to the central location to exchange materials. Smith used to serve as chairman of the US-China Business Council. He is a member of the Aviation Hall of Fame, Frederick Wallace Smith and FedEx (6)Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. A. Background Information and was appointed co-chairman of the US World War II Memorial Project. Smith was inducted into the Junior Achievement US Business Hall of Fame in 1998. His other awards include “CEO of the Year 2004” and the “2008 Kellogg Award for Distinguished Leadership”.Frederick Wallace Smith and FedEx (7)Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. A. Background Information It is a system which makes transportation much more efficient by routing all of the traffic through one or a few central hubs. The model is named after a bicycle wheel, which has a strong central hub with a series of connecting spokes. In the sense ofThe “hub and spoke” System (1)Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. A. Background Information aviation, an airline routes all of its traffic through one central hub or hubs, for example, Dallas and Detroit. Almost all of the airline’s aircraft flies on spokes between destinations and the hub, with very few direct flights between otherThe “hub and spoke” System (2)Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. A. Background Information destinations. This model greatly simplifies a network of routes, and hence makes the overall transportation system much more efficient. Delta Airlines pioneered the method in 1955, but it wasn’t until the 1970s, The “hub and spoke” System (3)Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. A. Background Information when the FedEx company took advantage of the concept, that the method really took hold, revolutionizing the way airlines were run. Now the model is extensively used in commercial aviation for both passengers and freight.The “hub and spoke” System (4)Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.幼年生活捉弄包租(v.)复兴(v.)雷达恶棍残疾者合理化(v.)融合(v.)分散的传播(v.)枢纽精心的推断(v.) 雏形尝试不协调的改组(v.)量化(v.)起草(v.)独特远见 Juvenile life领导才能航行invalidbullypick oncharter reviveradarnavigationexquisitededucedraftUnique visionprototypequantifystab期间interim先例precedent集中Leadershipreshuffledisjointedhubdispersefusedecentralizedstreamlinecentralization搅乱(v.)disrupt爱国者维护(v.)节俭成功标识领域联邦快递流逝(v.)人生巅峰先驱Culmination of lifeelapseFedExspherefixture of successupholdfrugalitypatriotforerunnerprototypeprototypestabstabfusefusededucededuceelapseelapsededuce B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UsefusionText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.prototypeprototypestabstabfusefusededucededuceelapseelapsestab B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseelapsesText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.prototypeprototypestabstabfusefusededucededuceelapseelapseprototype B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.disruptdisruptquantifiedquantifiedrevivereviveinteriminterimfrugalityfrugalityquantified B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseinterimText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.disruptdisruptquantifiedquantifiedrevivereviveinteriminterimfrugalityfrugalityfrugal B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UserevivalText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.disruptdisruptquantifiedquantifiedrevivereviveinteriminterimfrugalityfrugalitydisruption B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their Use相互关联(v.)干预(v.)插入；仲裁(v.)禁止(v.)拦截(v.)互相影响(v.)干涉；介入禁止；封锁干扰；冲突相互关联相互作用的妨碍的干扰的禁止的拦截相互作用插入的互相联系的interactinterceptinterrelateinterfereinterposeinterdictinteractiveinterceptiveinterrelatedinterferentialinterposedinterdictoryinteractioninterceptioninterrelationinterferenceinterpositioninterdictionText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.pick atpick atpick offpick offpick onpick onpick outpick outpick uppick up pick off B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their Usepick upText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.pick atpick atpick offpick offpick onpick onpick outpick outpick uppick uppick out B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their Usepick atText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.pick atpick atpick offpick offpick onpick onpick outpick outpick uppick uppick on B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.12What qualities do What qualities do successful entrepreneurs successful entrepreneurs have in common?have in common?Watch the video clip and discuss the topics as follows:What steps should one What steps should one take to start his own take to start his own business?business?C. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.keykeyClick here Text ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.1.What qualities do successful entrepreneurs have in common? (1) Business careers span a wide range of industries, including finance, marketing, entrepreneurship, and management. To be successful in any business sector, one must possess certain qualities that separate the best in the business from the mediocre. But somequalities the successful entrepreneurs share with eachC. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.1.What qualities do successful entrepreneurs have in common? (2)other include the following: They are creative. When it comes to creation of a promising business, we have to be very creative. That is why the chance of success always goes to those who have already conjured up a strategic vision of their future business.C. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.1.What qualities do successful entrepreneurs have in common? (3) They are self-motivated and hard-working. Successful entrepreneurs do not need someone who forces them to be efficient and productive. Indeed, it takes self-motivation to create one’s own business, which is just what most of us are short of. They are strong-willed. Successful entrepreneurs are hot on turning their vision into a reality. As an oldC. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.1.What qualities do successful entrepreneurs have in common? (4)proverb goes, “A vision without a task is a dream, whereas a task with a vision is victory.” In other words, we need to react to a vision with one step after another towards its goal. With every step, we get closer to our ideals. However, not all steps are easy to take. There are diverse difficulties on the way to success, in face of which most of us usually opt to quit.C. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.2.What steps should one take to start his own business? (1) Every year, hundreds of thousands of people over the world take a leap of faith and start their own business. This path requires a lot of hard work, and many end up in failure. But for those who survive, the rewards of entrepreneurship are well worth their efforts to remove the obstacles they face on the road to success. Here’s a step-by-step overview of whatC. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.2.What steps should one take to start his own business? (2)one needs to do to make it.Step 1: Come up with an idea. You will need an idea for a business before you do anything else. You can conduct a market research to have a clear image. This should be something you are passionate about, since your new business will consume a great deal of your time and money.C. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.2.What steps should one take to start his own business? (3)Step 2: Make a business plan. You will need a solid business plan to present to any investors. This will help you determine how much money is needed to get your business moving. It includes production costs, shipping, taxes, worker’s wages, rent for workspace, etc.C. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.2.What steps should one take to start his own business? (4)Step 3: Make a marketing plan. Once you know whatkind of marketing you intend to do, think about the most effective places to advertise and what time of day, month or year are going to work best to reach your target market.Step 4: Get financing. Talk with a bank with which youalready have a positive relationship. Ask about what C. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.2.What steps should one take to start his own business? (5)kind of business start-up loans they offer and how they can benefit your business. If you cooperate with a bank you have already known, the bank will have easy access to your financial records and will be more confident in investing in you.Step 5: Build infrastructure. Purchase all of the things you need to start work. This can mean mechanical C. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.2.What steps should one take to start his own business? (6)equipment, computers, telephone, or craft supplies. It all depends on what business you are to do. Try to purchase from business supply companies as they will have significant discounts. If you are short of capital, lease or rent is an attractive option too, so as not to block your funds.C. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.2.What steps should one take to start his own business? (7)Step 6: Build a customer base. Make use of marketing and public relations. You will want to reach out topotential customers in ways that make them want to use your business. This is especially important before you have an established, regular customer base.Step 7: Get paid. Don’t let people take advantage ofC. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.2.What steps should one take to start his own business? (8)you. Require payment within a specific window of time (whatever is appropriate for what you do). Invoice people as soon as you possibly can. If someone is late in payment, talk to them. If you ignore these problems hoping that they go away, you will find yourself working for free and your business in the tank.C. Video Watching and Discussion on ItText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. 2. Interactive Reading of TextText Text AnalysisAnalysisSummary Summary of Textof TextABA. Text Analysis Through Interaction++Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.pIf you are required to write a biographical narrative essay about a well-known entrepreneur, how could you organize your writing? pNow let’s make a detailed analysis of the text through dynamic interaction!Part I Introduction (Paras.1--?)A. Text Analysis Through InteractionFred Smith and FedEx: The vision that changed the world As seen from Paragraph 1, the author introduces his thesis through description of a typical scene commonly-seen in FedEx-the largest and most successful delivery service in the world. From the scene, we can see the Part I Introduction (Paras.1—2) What serves as a special introduction to his thesis? (Para. 1)Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.Part I Introduction (Para.1--?)A. Text Analysis Through Interactionprosperity of FedEx and know the basic business process of its delivery service. And that may arouse our curiosity about how its founder got it into being.Part I Introduction (Paras.1—2) What serves as a special introduction to his thesis? (Para. 1)Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.Fred Smith and FedEx: The vision that changed the worldA. Text Analysis Through Interaction The author satisfies our curiosity through revelation of what kind of person its founder Frederick Smith is — an outstanding entrepreneur with an agreeable and winning personality, as widely recognized among hisHow does the author satisfy our curiosity? (Para. 2)Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.Fred Smith and FedEx: The vision that changed the worldA. Text Analysis Through Interactioncompetitors, employees and stockholders. It is his competitiveness and leadership that have made him such a successful entrepreneur all over the world.How does the author satisfy our curiosity? (Para. 2)Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.Fred Smith and FedEx: The vision that changed the worldPart II Body (Paras. 3—?)A. Text Analysis Through Interaction Born into a quite wealthy __________, Frederick Smith had to accept the pass-away of his own father when he was only four years old. He even spent a miserable childhood for he was a(n) _______ due to aPart II Body (Paras. 3—11) What is the course of his success?What early life experiences did Frederick Smith have? (Paras. 3—6)family claninvalid Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.What early life experiences did Frederick Smith have? (Paras. 3—6)A. Text Analysis Through Interactionserious illness, for which he was often _________by bullies. From his boyhood, Smith had ____________ for flying and at 15, he managed to fly over the skyline of the Mississippi Delta. While at Yale University, hegreat passionWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.picked onWhat early life experiences did Frederick Smith have? (Paras. 3—6)A. Text Analysis Through Interaction_______ its flying club and gained this club great popularity. With his study time ________ by flying, his academic performance suffered. In the ______, however, Smith never stopped searching for a “big idea”. When he wrote a term paper for an economics class, hedisruptedWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.interimrevivedWhat early life experiences did Frederick Smith have? (Paras. 3—6)A. Text Analysis Through Interaction_______________ for a transportation company thatwould _________ overnight delivery of small and time-sensitive goods. His idea was not accepted by the professor. But Smith has never given up his dream of being _____________. guaranteeWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.onto somethingdrafted a prototypeWhat insights did Smith get from his military experience? (Para. 7)A. Text Analysis Through Interaction After graduating from Yale, he decided to join the army to fight in Vietnam. From his military experience, he got the insights as follows: ▪ People should subordinate their own interests for the benefit of the group; ▪ Good leadership has very measurable effects on a company’s bottom line.Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.What business experience did Frederick Smith have? (Paras. 8—10)A. Text Analysis Through Interaction Home from the Vietnam War, Smith got _________ with the idea that if one connected all the separate points of a network through an ______________ , the streamlined procedures would make work much more efficient than other disjointed and ________________fascinatedintermediary hubdecentralized formsWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.What business experience did Frederick Smith have? (Paras. 8—10)A. Text Analysis Through Interactionof business, no matter what type of transportation service the system provides. So he decided to _________ at starting his own business. With an investment from his father’s company as well as his own _________, he bought his first delivery planestake a stabinheritanceWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.What business experience did Frederick Smith have? (Paras. 8—10)A. Text Analysis Through Interactionand formed the Federal Express in 1971. The early stage of Smith’s business was underscored by _____________ and financial losses. Nevertheless, even when his company didn’t have theextreme frugalityWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.What business experience did Frederick Smith have? (Paras. 8—10)A. Text Analysis Through Interactionmoney and couldn’t afford some basic furniture and equipment like couches and electric typewriters for the office, it still ______________ and managed to provide good health and dental benefits for its employees.Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.set the precedentWhat did Smith say about the secrets to success in business? (Para. 11)A. Text Analysis Through Interaction Smith said that the secrets to success in business can _________ to three key points: ▪ First, you need to have your products or service _______________ potential customers’ tastes and make your marketing into a ________________.boil downin accordance withWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & Apelling strategyWhat did Smith say about the secrets to success in business? (Para. 11)A. Text Analysis Through Interaction ▪ Second, you need to render your ___________ _______ so efficient as to ensure that all parts of your company stay at their best.managementWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.systemWhat did Smith say about the secrets to success in business? (Para. 11)A. Text Analysis Through Interaction ▪ The final and most important issue in running a successful business today is _______________, i.e. how to show true concern for the staff in your company so that they will put their heart and soul in their work.Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.how to lead a teamA. Text Analysis Through Interaction The author concludes the whole text by further describing Smith’s friendly and agreeable personality, as an echo of his thesis, and the significance of his P-S-P philosophy.Part III Conclusion (Para. 12) How does the author conclude the whole text?Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.B. Summary of Text Frederick W. Smith is the founder of the FedEx Corp., the largest and most successful overnight delivery service in the world. He is widely recognized as an outstanding entrepreneur with a(n) _________ ___________. But he prefers to attribute the success of his company simply to his___________ of leadership.agreeableSummary (1)new sphereWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.personalityB. Summary of Text Smith was born into a wealthy family clan. As a juvenile, he suffered from the pass-away of his father as well as a disease that rendered him invalid and more liable to be _________ by bullies. In the _______, especially at Yale University, however, his passion for “big idea” built up with his knowledge about the world. In a term paper for an economic picked onSummary (2)interimWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.B. Summary of Textclass, for example, he drafted ___________ for a transportation company that would ensure overnight delivery of small and time-sensitive goods, but the professor did not regard it as feasible. After graduation, he joined the Marines and went to Vietnam, with his ever-stronger desire to be _____ _________. And from his military experience, he a prototypeSummary (3)ontoWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.somethingB. Summary of Textdeduced the insight that good leadership had _________________ on a company’s bottom line. Home from Vietnam, he decided to _________ at starting his own business. At first, things went far from smooth due to _______________ and financial losses. But his philosophy of People, Service, and Profit (P-S-P for short) pulled his business through hardships to its culmination.measurable effectsSummary (4)take a stabWarming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.extreme frugalityB. Summary of Text Whenever asked for the secrets to success in business, therefore, he normally boils them down to three key points: 1) An appealing product or service, complete with a _________________; 2) An efficient management system; and 3) The P-S-P art of leading a team as the single most important issue. Summary (5)Warming-UpEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & Apelling strategyWarming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. 3. Extraction & ApplicationBLexicalLexicalCollocationsCollocationsAProductiveProductivePatternsPatterns A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsDeclarative Knowledge陈述性知识陈述性知识Procedural Knowledge程序性知识程序性知识New Declarative Knowledge创新型陈述性知识创新型陈述性知识nSteps towards creative use of EnglishpWith productive patterns as the concrete attributes of procedural knowledgeWarming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. pAccomplishment of the three steps is known as a process of “practice + cognition + re-practice” u“This is the culmination of a dream of Frederick W. Smith, the founder, president, chief executive officer, and chairman of the board of the FedEx Corp. -known originally as Federal Express -the largest and most successful overnight delivery service in the world.” (Para. 1, Text) How to convert it into a productive pattern? A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern IuX is the culmination of Y; where X and Y are variables that vary from context to context.[应用提示应用提示] 用于“对事物的界定对事物的界定”Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — X is the culmination of Y.Context Ip世界的和谐与繁荣是中国人民的崇高理想。

►In this context, X = “harmony and prosperity of the world”, and Y = “the Chinese people’s ideal”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows: pHarmony and prosperity of the world are the culmination of the Chinese people’s ideal.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — X is the culmination of Y.Context IIp和你一起慢慢变老直至逝去，是我的最大愿望►In this context, X = “to grow old along with thee until we pass away together”, and Y = “my desire”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pIt is the culmination of my desire to grow old along with thee until we pass away together.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. u“Recognized as an outstanding entrepreneur with an agreeable and winning personality, Smith is held in high regard by his competitors as well as his employees and stockholders.” (Para. 2, Text) is declarative knowledge. To make it possible to use creatively, however, we have to convert it into procedural knowledge as follows: A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern IIuRecognized / Regarded / Deemed as X with Y, Z is held in high regard; where X, Y and Z are variables that vary from context to context.[应用提示应用提示] 用于“对事物的认定对事物的认定”Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — Recognized / Regarded / Deemed as X with Y, Z is held in high regard.Context Ip迈克尔乔丹被公认为“篮球之神”，他集精湛技艺和强烈的竞争意识于一身，不论是对手、队友，还是他的教练，都很尊敬他。

►In this context, X = “God of Basketball”, Y = “breathtaking skills as well as a strong competitive spirit”, and Z = “Michael Jordan”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pRecognized as God of Basketball with breathtaking skills as well as a strong competitive spirit, Michael Jordan is held in high regard by his rivals, teammates and coach.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — Recognized / Regarded / Deemed as X with Y, Z is held in high regard.Context IIp被公认为是一名知识渊博、举止良好和师德高尚的优秀教师，清华大学的 “扫地僧”--李小文深受自己的学生和同事的尊敬。

►In this context, X = “an excellent teacher”, Y = “extensive knowledge, good manners and professional ethics”, and Z = “Li Xiaowen, the “Sweeping Monk” of THU”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pRegarded as an excellent teacher with extensive knowledge, good manners and professional ethics, Li Xiaowen, the “Sweeping Monk” of THU, was held in high regard by his students and colleagues.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. u“He attributes the success of the company simply to leadership, something he deduced from his years in the military, and from his family.” (Para. 2, Text) How to convert it into a productive pattern? A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern IIIuA attributes / ascribes / credits B simply to C, something A deduced from D; where A, B, C and D are variables that vary from context to context.[应用提示应用提示] 用于“对事物的认定对事物的认定”Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — A attributes / ascribes / credits B simply to C, something A deduced from D.Context Ip世界各地的专家们将此次政治闹剧归咎于超级大国的居心叵测，而此推论则来自该国的一贯伎俩。

►In this context, A = “experts from all over the world”, B = “the political farce”, C = “the superpower’s evil designs”, and D = “the country’s usual tricks”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pExperts from all over the world attribute this political farce simply to the superpower’s evil designs, something they deduced from the country’s usual tricks.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — A attributes / ascribes / credits B simply to C, something A deduced from D.Context IIp杨绛将其强大内心世界归因于她淡泊名利，而此推论来自她对炎凉世态的洞察。

►In this context, A = “Yang Jiang”, B = “her strong inward world”, C = “her indifference to fame and wealth”, and D = “her insights into the way of the world”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pYang Jiang ascribed her strong inward world simply to her indifference to fame and wealth, something she deduced from her insights into the way of the world.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. u“Leadership means getting a group of people to subordinate their individual desires and ambitions for the achievement of organizational goals.” (Para. 7, Text) How to convert it into a productive pattern? A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern IVuX means getting Y to do / be Z; where X, Y, and Z are variables that vary from context to context, whereas “do / be” stands for any verb available in the given context.[应用提示应用提示] 用于“对事物的解读对事物的解读”Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — X means getting Y to do / be Z.Context Ip修心意在静心为先。

►In this context, X = “cultivation of your mind”, Y = “you”, Z = “peace of mind” and “do / be” = “have …(as a priority over all)”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pCultivation of your mind means getting you to have peace of mind as a priority over all.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — X means getting Y to do / be Z.Context IIp养性意在无我为上►In this context, X = “refinement of your soul”, Y= “you”, Z = “selflessness” and “do / be” = “put … (above all)”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pRefinement of your soul means getting you to put selflessness above all.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. u“It was not uncommon for FedEx drivers to pay for gasoline for their vans out of their own pockets.” (Para. 9, Text) How to convert it into a productive pattern? A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern VuIt is not uncommon for X to do / be Y; where X and Y are variables that vary from context to context, while “do / be” stands for any verb available in the given context.[应用提示应用提示] 用于“强调事物常态强调事物常态”Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — It is not uncommon for X to do / be Y.Context Ip人们梦见梦里的自己在做另一个梦，这并不罕见。

►In this context, X = “people”, Y = “themselves” and “do / be” = “dream … (inside another dream)”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pIt is not uncommon for people to dream themselves inside another dream.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — Context IIp一些人为个人利益凭空想出各种借口的情况，屡见不鲜►In this context, X = “some people”, Y = “diverse excuses for their own interests”, and “do / be” = “dream up”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pIt is not uncommon for some people to dream up diverse excuses for their own interests.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. It is not uncommon for X to do / be Y.u“Assuming you have those things, leading a team is the single most important issue in running an organization today.” (Para. 11, Text) How to convert it into a productive pattern? A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern VIuAssuming / Presuming that …, doing X is the single most important issue in doing Y; where X, and Y are variables that vary from context to context, whereas “doing” stands for any verb available in the given context and “…” for a clause. [应用提示应用提示] 用于“强调对事物的辨析强调对事物的辨析”Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — Assuming / Presuming that …, doing X is the single most important issue in doing Y.Context Ip假设你天赋甚高，但找到用武之地才是成就华丽人生最为重要的事了。

►In this context, X = “a post where you can use your talents”, Y = “a gorgeous life”, “doing” = “finding” as well as “fulfilling”, and “…” = “you are highly talented”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pAssuming that you are highly talented, finding a post where you can use your talents is the single most important issue in fulfilling a gorgeous life.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  Productive Pattern — Assuming / Presuming that …, doing X is the single most important issue in doing Y.Context IIp假设你深陷贫困，思变才是摆脱它最为重要的事。

►In this context, X = “how to change it”, Y = “yourself”, “doing” = “thinking of” as well as “freeing … (from it)”, and “…” = “you are stuck in poverty”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pAssuming that you are stuck in poverty, thinking of how to change it is the single most important issue in freeing yourself from it.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev.  B. Extraction & Application of Lexical CollocationsWarming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. As English belongs to the language that has its meaning clothed in its form, so the frequent collocation of one word with another also goes a long way toward our mastery of English. In the text we have read over, for example, there are as many of such collocations as we set our minds on them. Which collocations can you find worthy of our attention then? No.No.ChineseChineseEnglishEnglish1 12 23 34 4敬重/尊敬hold sb. / sth. in high regard找某人茬pick on sb. 发现新事物be onto sth.试图（做）某事take / have / make a stab at (doing) sth. B. Extraction & Application of Lexical Collocations短语逆译短语逆译Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. No.No.ChineseChineseEnglishEnglish5 56 67 78 8（能）归结为…boil down to sth.招呼人称名道姓address sb. by name主动邀请某人extend an offer to sb. B. Extraction & Application of Lexical Collocations短语逆译短语逆译Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. 为……开了先例set a precedent for sb. / sth.Phrase 1 Lexical Collocation — hold sb. / sth. in high regardp一名大学教师得到学生的尊重不仅仅是因为自身渊博的学识，更是因为自身高尚的师德。

[意群提示意群提示] profound knowledge; noble virtuespA college teacher is held in high regard by his students not only because of his profound knowledge but also due to his noble virtues.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 2 Lexical Collocation — pick on sb.p不要无缘无故地指责别人，除非你想被如此对待[意群提示意群提示] for no reason at all; want to be dealt with; in the same mannerpDon’t pick on people for no reason at all unless you want to be dealt with in the same manner.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 3 Lexical Collocation — be onto sth.p如果你对未来感到迷茫，就需要找点感兴趣的事儿做。

[意群提示意群提示] feel confused about futurepIf you feel confused about future, you need to find something to be onto.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 4 Lexical Collocation — take / have / make a stab at (doing) sth.p成功的人总是那些在未知领域第一个吃螃蟹的人[意群提示意群提示] dip one’s toes into the waterpSuccessful people are always the kind that take a stab at dipping their toes into the water in an unknown field.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 5 Lexical Collocation — set a precedent for sb. / sth.p我们对该问题的解决，会成为以后处置此类问题的先例。

[意群提示意群提示] one’s solution to the problem; how to deal with issues of this kindpOur solution to the problem would set a precedent for how to deal with issues of this kind in future. Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 6 Lexical Collocation — boil down to sth.p在物质至上的社会里，多数犯罪可归结为对财富无节制的贪婪[意群提示意群提示] in a society of material supremacy; an unrestrained greed for wealthpIn a society of material supremacy, most of the crimes can boil down to an unrestrained greed for wealth.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 7 Lexical Collocation — address sb. by namep在中国，后生称名道姓地招呼长者被视为不礼貌之举。

[意群提示意群提示] It is considered as impolite of lads to do sth.pIt is considered as impolite of lads to address the elders by name in China.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 8 Lexical Collocation — extend an offer to sb.p我多么希望主动帮助需要帮助的人成为一种社会风尚[意群提示意群提示] those in need; become a social fashionpHow I wish it becomes a social fashion to extend an offer of help to those in need.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Warming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. 4. Writing Model & PracticeAABBWritingWriting ModelWriting PracticeA. Writing Model pAs the name of our textbook implies, we read English in order to write in it. But how to write in the English way?pAs is known to all of us, what we write reflects what we think; and how we write mirrors how we think. In that light, our best way of writing in English is to know well how to think in English as the American or British people do. What is their way of thinking then?Warming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.A. Writing Model pDifferent from us who think in the spiral way (螺旋式), they tend to think in the linear way (线性方式). As far as biographical narrative essay is concerned, deduction (演绎法) is typical of their linear way of thinking, as shown below:Warming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.A. Writing Model A biographical narrative essay is an illustration of certain points the author has about a person. In a way, it is similar to an argumentation, with all the facts of the person’s life as evidence. In structure, like any other type of essay, a biographical narrative essay includes an introduction, body and conclusion.Warming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.A. Writing Model When you write the introduction of a biographical narrative essay, you can start by giving some general facts about the chosen person: Who is he? What is he famous for? Or, why is he special to you? In addition, you can include a significant event about the person, so as to make your beginning more motivating. AfterWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.A. Writing Modelthese beginning sentences, you need to compose a thesis statement, that is, the main message or theme you want to convince the reader about the person through your essay. When you write the body of the essay, you should give details that prove your thesis statement and giveWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.insights to your subject’s personality. Consider these questions while selecting the details:lWhat are the important dates in the person’s life?lIs there something in the person’s childhood that shaped his personality?A. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.lWhat personality traits drive him to success or make him special?lAre there any critical turning points in his life?lWhat are the person’s major achievements?lWhat is the person’s impact on history or society?A. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. Since a biographical narrative essay includes significant facts and details, some research into the chosen person would be necessary. Make sure to use a trustworthy resource to guarantee that your information is accurate. Also consider what you canA. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.quote directly from the person to support your points. When you write the conclusion of the essay, you can summarize your main points and reassert your major claim about the person, but be sure not to repeat specific examples.A. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.pNow, let’s take a look at such an analysis of Text A. Beginning with a description of a FedEx business scene and some general facts about Fred Smith, the introduction brings out the main topic and the thesis of the essay: Smith is “recognized as an outstanding entrepreneur with an agreeable and winning personality”. Then in the body of the essay, the author gives anA. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.account of Smith’s most important early life experiences that shaped his personality, as well as some important details which show him as an outstanding entrepreneur. Finally, the conclusion restates Smith’s personality and closes with the significance of his business philosophy. A. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.A. Writing Model pNow let’s come to writing practice.[Topic] My Grandma Recognized as one of the inspirational with a strong and engaging personality, my grandma is held in high regard by everyone who has ever known her. Indeed, no words could ever come close to describing how strongWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.and independent she has been as a woman. She has been through things that no one in this time period could ever imagine. But, she has never once complained about her life and the conditions she had to live in. My grandma was born into a poor family. As a juvenile, she often suffered from starvation. So in that interim, having enough to eat was the culmination of her dream. Later, she got through the Anti-Japanese War, the ChineseA. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.Civil War and the Great Chinese Famine. Her husband departed from home for resistance to Japan’s invasion, leaving her to fend for four children as well as for herself. After all, raising a large family without the aid from the husband means getting herself to bear an abundance of hardships in those days. Yet, she seemed to know well how to make the most of her time and energy for the survival of her family. As her favorite topic now, she used A. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.to get by on sewing clothes and making food and money stretch as far as possible. And whenever asked about her special tool of survival, she normally ascribes it simply to her optimism, something she deduced from her many years of unyielding endeavor in adversity. That is why the stories she tends to tell now are about how blessed she was rather than about how wretched she felt about life. About four years ago my grandma made a huge moveA. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.from her hometown to my home. That reunion enabled me to get deeper insights into her inner being. Not once would I leave her room without an earful of her inspiring stories. Not once would I enter her room without an ever-stronger respect for her confidence in face of life. Assuming that I am in her dilemma, as it has dawned upon me, seeking for a way out of it is the single most issue in getting it over in time. A. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. You could say what my grandma likes to share with us is already out of date, since she is good at nothing but sewing, crocheting, knitting, tatting, and embroidery. True, it is not uncommon for people to regard these skills as far from necessary to their survival in modern life, but what her experiences of life could boil down to is well worth our contemplation.A. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App. My grandma has blessed me with a new way of seeing things. Thanks to her unfortunate life, I am happier with what I have been blessed with. Thanks to her indomitable spirit in face of setbacks, I get better sense of how to deal with whatever is in the way of my pursuits. And thanks to her detachment from the tough world about her, I am more at home with how to smile through life no matter what might happen to me.A. Writing ModelWarming-UpText ReadingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.A. Writing Practice Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App. [Directions] Write a biographical narrative essay of no less than 200 words on one of the following topics: 1) A successful person 2) A famous person in Chinese history 3) A person close to you or you admire mostWarming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App. 5. Further DevelopmentWriting DeviceLexical CollocationsProductive PatternsABCWhat’slearned?A. Writing Device pWhat have we reaped from the text? nOne device for writing biographical narrative essayWarming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.A. Writing Device Alexander Fleming Alexander Fleming, regarded as the creator of penicillin with exquisite medical skills, was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine and held in high regard all over the world. To save as many patients as possible was the culmination of his lifelong dream, for which he had really showed his determination, enthusiasm, and perseverance to the whole world. But he preferred to credit his successful life simply to Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.A. Writing Device his deep love for humanity, something he deduced from his personal experiences in time of war. Alexander Fleming was born on August 6, 1881 in Scotland. When he was young, he did well in school and earned a two-year scholarship to Kilmarnock Academy. In 1903, the young Alexander enrolled at St Mary’s Hospital Medical School. He graduated with MBBS (Bachelor of Surgery) from the school with distinction in 1906.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.A. Writing Device Fleming’s interest was not just limited to laboratory work. In addition to creative power and a warm heart, he had zest for life. Since 1900, he had been a private in the London Scottish Regiment and served throughout World War I as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps. It was not uncommon for him to try to find a cure instead of witnessing many soldiers dying from infected wounds during the war. Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.A. Writing Device In the wake of World War I, Fleming actively engaged in his search for anti-bacterial agents. In an article he submitted for the medical journal The Lancet, Fleming explained why antiseptics was killing more soldiers than infection itself. He suggested that antiseptics be abandoned in practice. But for most army physicians, absence of antiseptics meant getting patients to be at greater risk even though it indeed worsened the condition of the patients.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.A. Writing Device Fleming felt depressed about this. But assuming that their concern proved to be true, seeking for something more effective was the single most important issue in the final solution to the problem. So a cautious attitude toward life made him highly responsible for his obligations and duties. On September 3, 1928, when Fleming returned to his laboratory, he noticed that one sample from his earlierWarming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.A. Writing Device experiment was contaminated with a fungus, and the bacteria surrounded by it had been destroyed. Fleming then grew the mould separately and found that it produced a substance that killed a number of disease-causing bacteria. This substance was later named “Penicillin”. Its discovery has saved and is still saving millions of lives around the world.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.A. Writing Device Fleming changed the world of modern medicine by setting a precedent for the age of useful antibiotics. In 1999, he was named by the magazine Time as one of the “100 Most Important People of the 20th Century”. He was held in high regard not only for his great discovery, but also for his determination in work and his love for life.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.B. Six Productive PatternsWarming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.No.No. Chinese Chinese English English1 12 23 3对事物的界定X is the culmination of Y.对事物的认定Recognized / Regarded / Deemed as X with Y, Z is held in high regard.对事物的认定A attributes / ascribes / credits B simply to C, something A deduced from D.B. Six Productive PatternsNo.No. Chinese Chinese English English4 45 56 6对事物的解读X means getting Y to do / be Z.强调事物常态It is not uncommon for X to do / be Y.强调对事物的辨析Assuming / Presuming that …, doing X is the single most important issue in doing Y.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App. Productive Pattern — X is the culmination of Y.Pattern Ip乔布斯儿时最大的梦想是发明一项能改变世界的东西。

►In this context, X = “inventing a device that can change the world”, and Y = “Steve Jobs’ dream in childhood”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pInventing a device that can change the world was the culmination of Steve Jobs’ dream in childhood. Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App. Productive Pattern — Pattern IIp被公认为蜚声海内外的中国药学家，屠呦呦医术高超，她因发明了治愈疟疾的药物青蒿素而备受尊敬►In this context, X = “a world-famous Chinese pharmacologist”, Y = “high professionalism” and Z = “Tu Youyou”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pRecognized as a world-famous Chinese pharmacologist with high professionalism, Tu Youyou is held in high regard for discovering artemisinin used to treat malaria.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.Recognized / Regarded / Deemed as X with Y, Z is held in high regard. Productive Pattern — Pattern IIIp这位科学家将其一生的辉煌归功于一个个奇思妙想，也就是他从广泛阅读和系统观察中推论出来的东西。

►In this context, A = “the scientist”, B = “the glory of his life”, C = “one bright idea after another”, and D = “extensive reading and systematic observation”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pThe scientist credits the glory of his life simply to one bright idea after another, something he deduced from extensive reading and systematic observation.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.A attributes / ascribes / credits B simply to C, something A deduced from D. Productive Pattern — Pattern IVp我对你的忠贞不渝，意在用我一生一世换得你瞬间的回眸。

►In this context, X = “my loyalty to you”, Y= “me”, Z = “my whole life” and “do / be” = “give … (for your momentary smile)”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pMy loyalty to you means getting me to give my whole life for your momentary smile.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.X means getting Y to do / be Z. Productive Pattern — Pattern Vp有学生用大量的金色时光换取瞬间的刺激, 这在大学校园屡见不鲜►In this context, X = “some students”, Y = “plenty of golden time” and “do / be” = “exchange … (for the moment of thrill)”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pIt is not uncommon for some students to exchange plenty of golden time for the moment of thrill on campus.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.It is not uncommon for X to do / be Y. Productive Pattern — Pattern VIp假设南海有战事，知道如何打赢才是备战的重中之重。

►In this context, X = “how to win it”, Y = “it”, “doing” = “knowing” as well as “preparing against”, and “…” = “there is warfare in the South China Sea”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pAssuming that there is warfare in the South China Sea, knowing how to win it is the single most important issue in preparing against it.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.Assuming / Presuming that …, doing X is the single most important issue in doing Y.C. Eight Lexical CollocationsWarming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.No.No.ChineseChineseEnglishEnglish1 12 23 34 4敬重/尊敬hold sb. / sth. in high regard找某人茬pick on sb. 发现新事物be onto sth.试图（做）某事take / have / make a stab at (doing) sth. C. Eight Lexical CollocationsWarming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.No.No.ChineseChineseEnglishEnglish5 56 67 78 8（能）归结为…boil down to sth.招呼人称名道姓address sb. by name主动邀请某人extend an offer to sb.为……开了先例set a precedent for sb. / sth. Lexical Collocation — hold sb. / sth. in high regardPhrase 1p尊重别人才能获得别人的尊重。

[意群提示意群提示] gain respect from sb.pHold others in high regard and you will gain respect from others.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App. Lexical Collocation — pick on sb. Phrase 2p对人不要吹毛求疵，要宽容大度 [意群提示意群提示] show tolerance and generosity to sb.pInstead of picking on others, we should show tolerance and generosity to them.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App. Lexical Collocation — be onto sth.Phrase 3p只有乐于发现新事物, 才有可能获得成功[意群提示意群提示] be willing to do sth.; stand a chance to be successfulpOnly when you are willing to be onto something new can you stand a chance to be successful.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App. Lexical Collocation — take / have / make a stab at (doing) sth. Phrase 4p一个敢于试错的人生，不但比无所事事的人生更荣耀，并且更有意义。

[意群提示意群提示] means of try and error; not only…but (also)…; spend…(in) doing sth.pA life spent taking a stab at means of try and error is not only more honorable, but more meaningful than a life spent doing nothing.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App. Lexical Collocation — set a precedent for sb. / sth. Phrase 5p老舍开创了用北京方言写北京民情风俗、道北京人文故事的先河[意群提示意群提示] Beijing’s folk customs and folk stories ; Beijing dialectpLao She set a precedent for writing Beijing’s folk customs and folk stories with Beijing dialect.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App. Lexical Collocation — boil down to sth.Phrase 6p实际上，你的失败归纳起来就是说得多做得少。

[意群提示意群提示] in effect; more words than deedspIn effect, your failure can boil down to more words than deeds.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App. Lexical Collocation — address sb. by namePhrase 7p对于职员而言，老板称名道姓地同他们打招呼是一种温馨与尊重[意群提示意群提示] a matter of warmth and respectpFor employees, it is a matter of warmth and respect for their boss to address them by name.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App. Lexical Collocation — extend an offer to sb.Phrase 8p我们坚决拒绝敌方的提议未必不是明智之举[意群提示意群提示] it is not unwise of sb. to do sth.; resolutely turn down sth.; the hostile partypIt is not unwise of us to resolutely turn down the offer the hostile party extended to us.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingExtr. & App.。