
《英语报刊文章选读》(上册)-部分知识点汇总.doc
20页《《英语报刊文章选读英语报刊文章选读》》 (上册)部分知识点汇总(上册)部分知识点汇总第一部分第一部分 读报常识读报常识1.英国和美国的报刊(报纸和杂志)及其中文名称 2.报纸内容与版面编排 3.美英通讯社 4.英语新闻的类型和体裁 5.英语新闻的结构和要素 6.标题(headline)的重要性、类型和特点 7.消息导语(lead)的特征和要素 8.电头(dateline) 9.新闻的定义:广义:指在媒体上出现的所有文章;狭义的新闻就是“消息” ,对最新发 生时间的客观报道,而不表达报道者的意见 10. 西方媒体普遍认为有价值的事情:达官贵人和知名人士的活动;任何类型的政府活动; 新的稀奇古怪的事件;披露令人兴奋或令人震惊的真相;新的社会潮流等 11. 新闻的重要性、时效性、新鲜感和趣味性等是构成新闻的要素有人根据新闻时效性 的强弱及表现手法运用的不同而将新闻分为硬性、软性和中间三个层次硬新闻不但 新鲜,而且题材比较严肃;软新闻则为轻松的社会新闻,具人情味;中间层则介于两 者之间 12. 美国报刊新闻尤其强调猎奇和非同凡响,这被认为是现代新闻的支柱 13. 报刊的政治倾向性和美国著名大学(The Ivy League:常青藤联合会(因墙上有常春 藤蔓延而得名)The Seven Sisters Colleges:七姐妹学院) 14. 人物的重要性 15. 何谓 journalese? 16. 报刊中的一词多义现象和名词定语现象 17. Generation 何其多 18. 美国的司法机构(P131) 19. 和经济相关的指标和术语 20. 和战争相关的词汇 21. 美国总统选举 22. 英国王室和国王 23. 英国议会和选举 24. 与科技和文学相关的词汇第二部分第二部分 部分课文中的词汇和句子部分课文中的词汇和句子Lesson 1 China’s Growth Poses Opportunity and Risk Words Kerry says he and Edwards essentially agree on the trade question. 参议员 John Edwards 成了参议员 John Kerry 竞选美国民主党总统候选人的主要挑战者, 他强调工作机会的丢失应归罪于贸易,尤其是与中国的贸易。
Kerry 说他和 Edwards 在贸 易问题上看法基本相同 Para. 25 A crack in the economy could shake governments across East Asia that have tied their economies to China’s, warns Ajay Kapur, a strategist in Hong Kong with Salomon Smith Barney. 花旗银行所罗门美邦的策略师 Ajay Kapur 警告说,中国经济上出现任何裂痕都可能波及东 亚地区与中国经济息息相关的各国政府Lesson 4 Home at Last Words characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty authoritarian political system (Para. 1) 独裁的政治体制 environmental degradation 环境退化;环境恶化 (Para. 1) economic vitality 经济活力 contemporary China 当代中国 sedan (Para. 2) 轿车 throng n. nor is it the America that heard from its leader, at another moment of crisis, the powerful word “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”; nor is it the calm America that waged the Cold War with quiet persistence despite the knowledge that real war could be initiated abruptly within minutes and prompt the death of 100 million Americans within just a few hours. (Para. 5) Such fear-mongering, reinforced by security entrepreneurs, the mass media and the entertainment industry, generates its own momentum. (Para. 7) 这种兜售的做法愈演愈烈,保安公司的老板、媒体和娱乐业使其势头更猛。
That puts a premium on the presentation of credible scenario of ever-more-horrifying acts of violence, sometimes even with blueprints for their implementation. (Para. 7) 这就使人们相信他们所展示种种更加可怕的暴力行动场景是可信的,有时甚至还展示其执 行计划 The cable channels and some print media have found that horror scenarios attract audiences, while terror “experts” as “consultants” provide authenticity for the apocalyptic visions fed to the American public. (Para. 10) 有线电视频道以及一些印刷媒体发现恐怖情景能够吸引观众,而反恐“专家”做“顾问” 能使美国公众被灌注的大灾难情景真实可靠 Not surprisingly, animus toward the United States even among Muslims otherwise not particularly concerned with the Middle East has intensified, while American’s reputation as a leader in fostering constructive interracial and interreligious relations has suffered egregiously. (Para. 13) Innocent until proven guilty has been diluted if not undone, with some——even U. S. citizens——incarcerated for lengthy periods of time without effective and prompt access to due process. (Para. 14) 无罪推定原则即使没有被废除,也遭到了削弱,因为有些人,甚至是美国公民被长时间监 禁而无法有效迅速地进入法定诉讼程序。
Someday Americans will be as ashamed of this record as they now have become of the earlier instances in U. S. history of panic by the many prompting intolerance against the few. (Para. 14)总有一天,美国人会为目前这种做法感到惭愧,就像他们现在为从前的事感到惭愧一样 在美国历史上,曾经发生过由于多数人的恐慌而引发对少数人的过激行为的先例Lesson 15 The Economy Sucks. But Is It ’92 Redux? Words in ’92, the economy had already started growing, though a jobless recovery doomed George H. W. Bush’s re- election bid anyway. (Para. 2) 今天,美国的经济形势很类似经济萧条,这十分危险;而 1992 年,经济已经开始复苏, 然而失业型经济恢复注定了老布什的竞选连任泡汤。
But policymakers aren’t ready to give up on the business cycle. (Para. 5) The president’s pro growth policies, the fact that government revenues are coming in ahead of forecasts and that our deficit is now down to 1.2 percent of GDP. (Para. 5) 总统支持经济发展的政策,财政收入超出预计,财政赤字降至 GDP 的 1.2% If the economy teeters into recession this year, it will be because the hardy American consumer——who account for 70 percent of economic activity——has finally hit the wall. 如果今年经济进入衰退期,那是因为消费能力很强的美国消费者——其消费占美国消费的70%——已经达到极限。
The reason: lower sales on products that cost more than $50,000. (Para. 18)Lesson 16 Obama Makes History Words & Expressions Sen. =senator (Para. 1) 参议员 president-elect (Para. 5) 已当选但尚未就职的总统 usher (Para. 6) 迎来 fall short of (Para. 6) 达不到;不足 filibuster (Para. 6) 通过冗长的演讲或发言来阻挠立法机构工作 1994 Republican revolution (Para. 6) 1994 年 11 月 8 日共和党控制了美国参众议院 concession speech (Para. 8) 宣布对手胜利的演讲 rust belt (Para. 12) 铁锈地带(美国中西部地区,曾是汽车制造中心) back (Para. 12) 支持electoral college (Para. 12) 选举团 meld (Para. 13) 融合;混合;合并 coalition (Para. 13) 联合;结合;合并 awesome (Para.6) 了不起的;很好的 referendum (Para. 18) 全民公投;全民公决 hang in (Para. 20) (面对困难等)坚持不懈,不屈不挠(口语) albatross (Para. 21) 沉重负担;苦恼或内疚的原因 predecessor (Para. 25) 前任;前辈 prosaic (Para. 26) 平凡的;乏味的;散文体的 communication strategy (Para. 26) 交际策略 outreach (Para. 26) 延伸;扩大;。
