高中英语 Unit4 SectionⅣGrammar & Writing课件 新人教版选修7.ppt

Section Ⅳ　　Grammar & WritingUnit 4　　Sharing限制性定语从句限制性定语从句定定语语从从句句是是指指在在句句子子中中起起定定语语作作用用，，修修饰饰句句中中的的名名词词或或代代词词的的从从句句，，其其中中被被修修饰饰的的名名词词或或代代词词称称为为先先行行词词当当关关系系代代词词作作定定语语从从句句的的主主语语时时，，其其后后的的谓谓语语动动词词的的人人称称和和数数取取决于先行词的人称和数决于先行词的人称和数定定语语从从句句一一般般位位于于先先行行词词的的后后面面，，定定语语从从句句由由关关系系代代词词who，，whom，，whose，，which，，that，，as和和关关系系副副词词when，，where，，why等等引引导导关关系系代代词词和和关关系系副副词词在在定定语从句中担任句子成分语从句中担任句子成分 语法精讲转向突破语法精讲转向突破一、由一、由who，，whom，，whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句在在这这类类定定语语从从句句中中who用用作作主主语语，，whom用用作作宾宾语语，，whose用作定语用作定语The manager arranged to meet the customer who complained the next day.经理准备第二天见见那位抱怨的顾客。

经理准备第二天见见那位抱怨的顾客The boy whom the teacher punished is my little brother.那个被老师罚的男孩是我弟弟那个被老师罚的男孩是我弟弟Let’s help the boy whose father has been ill for a month.咱们帮帮那个爸爸病了一个月的男孩吧咱们帮帮那个爸爸病了一个月的男孩吧跟踪训练跟踪训练1．翻译句子．翻译句子他们想要访问的那个女士是一位科学家他们想要访问的那个女士是一位科学家The lady whom they wanted to visit is a scientist.2．单项填空．单项填空(1)His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____________ family was poor.A．．whom　　　　　　　　　　　　B．．whichC．．his D．．whose解解析析：：选选D句句意意““他他父父母母不不让让他他和和家家庭庭困困难难的的人人结结婚婚””先先行行词词为为anyone，，定定语语从从句句中中缺缺定定语语，，故故用用whose引引导导定定语从句表示语从句表示““任何人的任何人的””。

(2)(2013·高高 考考 湖湖 南南 卷卷 )Happiness and success often come to those __________are good at recognizing their own strengths.A．．whom B．．whoC．．what D．．which解解析析：：选选B题题干干的的意意思思是是：：““快快乐乐和和成成功功经经常常会会眷眷顾顾那那些些善于欣赏自己优点的人善于欣赏自己优点的人分析句子成分可知，分析句子成分可知，“ _________are good at recognizing their own strengths”是是定定语语从从句句,修修饰饰先先行行词词those,从从句句中中缺缺少少主主语语,故故用用who引引导导,所所以以答答案案为为B二、由二、由which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句指事物，在从句中作主语或宾语作宾语时，常可省略指事物，在从句中作主语或宾语作宾语时，常可省略The meeting which was held at our university was a success.在我校开的那次会议获得了成功。

在我校开的那次会议获得了成功My house which I bought last year has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园注注意意　　关关系系代代词词which,whom在在定定语语从从句句中中作作介介词词的的宾宾语语时时,从句常由从句常由““介词＋介词＋which(或或whom)””引出A telescope is an instrument with which we can see distant things .望远镜是一台能用来看到远景的仪器望远镜是一台能用来看到远景的仪器I want to make some friends from whom I can learn a lot.我想交几个朋友，从他们那儿我可以学许多东西我想交几个朋友，从他们那儿我可以学许多东西跟踪训练跟踪训练1．．(2011·高考江西卷高考江西卷)She showed the visitors around the museum，，the construction _______________ had taken more than three years.A．．for which　　　　　　　　　　B．．with whichC．．of which D．．to which解解析析：：选选C。

句句意意：：她她带带领领游游客客参参观观博博物物馆馆，，其其建建造造已已耗耗时时三三年年多多非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句的的关关系系词词与与先先行行词词构构成成修修饰饰关关系系,即即the construction of the museum““博博物物馆馆的的建建造造””故故选选C项2．．(2013·高考山东卷高考山东卷)Finally he reached a lonely island __________was completely cut off from the outside world.A．．when B．．whereC．．which D．．Whom解解析析：：选选C句句意意：：最最后后他他到到达达了了一一个个完完全全与与外外部部世世界界隔隔绝绝的的孤孤岛岛上上句句中中的的先先行行词词 a lonely island在在后后面面的的定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语，，故故用用which引引导导因因先先行行词词是是地地点点名名词词短短语语a lonely island，，学学生生很很容容易易误误选选where来来引引导导定定语语从从句句而而不不去分析先行词在句中所作的成分。

去分析先行词在句中所作的成分三、由三、由that引导的定语从句引导的定语从句在在这这种种定定语语从从句句中中that可可以以指指人人或或物物，，代代替替who，，whom，，which，，在在从从句句中中作作主主语语或或谓谓语语动动词词的的宾宾语语(不不能能放放在在介介词词后后面作介词宾语面作介词宾语)The computer that I bought on sale doesn’t work.我买的降价销售的电脑是坏的我买的降价销售的电脑是坏的Who is the person that is cleaning the window?正在擦窗子的那个人是谁？正在擦窗子的那个人是谁？•注意　(1)关系代词：who，which，that在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致•(2)当关系代词whom，which，that在从句中作动词宾语时,在口语中往往可以省略；在作介词宾语时,关系代词不能省略,介词放在关系代词前that例外)•(3)that的特殊用法that在定语从句中的惯用法是：它可用作关系副词代替in/on/for which/when/where/why/how，而且that亦可以用省略形式。

•I will never forget the day (that)I went to school 20 years ago.我永远不会忘记20年前我上学的那一天•跟踪训练•1．This is the problem _______________ puzzles each learner almost.•A．it B．this•C．that D．what•解析：选C句意“这几乎是困扰每一个学习者的问题•that引导定语从句修饰先行词the problem，that相当于which在定语从句中作主语2．．(2011·高考山东卷高考山东卷)The old town has narrow streets and small houses _______________ are built close to each other.A．．they B．．whereC．．what D．．That解解析析：：选选D句句意意：：这这座座老老城城镇镇拥拥有有狭狭窄窄的的街街道道和和坐坐落落在在一一起起的的矮矮小小的的房房子子。

分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知，，空空格格处处及及后后面面部部分分为为定定语语从从句句，，先先行行词词为为small houses，，that代代替替先先行行词词，，引引导导定定语语从从句句且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语they，，what不不能能引引导导定定语语从句where引导定语从句时在句中作地点状语故选引导定语从句时在句中作地点状语四、由四、由when，，where，，why引导的定语从句引导的定语从句when在在定定语语从从句句中中作作时时间间状状语语，，where在在定定语语从从句句中中作作地地点状语，点状语，why在定语从句中作原因状语在定语从句中作原因状语I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我永远不会忘记在农场工作的那段时光我永远不会忘记在农场工作的那段时光The factory where I once worked has changed a lot.我曾经工作过的那家工厂发生了巨大的变化我曾经工作过的那家工厂发生了巨大的变化He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。

他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱•跟踪训练•1．The reason _______________ he gave for his being late is unreasonable.•A．that B．why•C．how D．for which•解析：选A句意“因为迟到他给出的理由不合理the reason为先行词，定语从句中缺少gave的宾语，故用that引导定语从句；why在定语从句中作状语，相当于for which2．．(2013·高考北京卷高考北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks ________animals and plants can be protected.A．．when B．．whichC．．whose D．．Where解解析析：：选选D题题干干的的意意思思是是：：眼眼下下，，许许多多国国家家正正在在建建立立一一些些国国家家公公园园，，动动物物和和植植物物在在那那儿儿可可以以得得到到保保护护。

分分析析结结构构可可知知,此此处处是是考考查查定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词，，先先行行词词为为national parks，，定定语语从从句句中中缺缺少少地地点点状状语语,要要用用where来来引引导导,相相当当于于in which关关系系副副词词when在在定定语语从从句句中中作作时时间间状状语语；；which在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语、、宾宾语语；；whose只只作作定定语语，，三三者者均均不不符符合合语语境境，，故故正正确确答答案案为为D项项解解答答这这类类题题目目首首先先要要找找准准先先行行词词，，然后根据定语从句所缺的成分来确定选项然后根据定语从句所缺的成分来确定选项五、五、as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句as也也可可以以用用作作关关系系代代词词，，既既可可以以单单独独引引出出定定语语从从句句，，又又可可与与主句中的主句中的the same或或such相呼应，从句中谓语动词常省略相呼应，从句中谓语动词常省略①①I hope to get such a car as he is driving.我希望得到一辆像他正在驾驶的那样的车我希望得到一辆像他正在驾驶的那样的车。

②②This is the same book as I read in the reading­room yesterday.这和我昨天在阅览室看的是同一本书这和我昨天在阅览室看的是同一本书跟踪训练跟踪训练1．翻译句子．翻译句子他是这样的人，总是夸耀自己工作的重要性他是这样的人，总是夸耀自己工作的重要性He is such a person as always shows off about the importance of his job.2．单项填空．单项填空(1)Don’t read such books _______________ are not worth reading. Read those books _______________ you can understand.A．．that；；that B．．which；；thatC．．as；；as D．．as；；that解解析析：：选选D句句意意““不不要要读读那那些些不不值值得得读读的的书书只只去去读读那那些些你你能能读读懂懂的的书书就就可可以以了了第第一一空空处处先先行行词词books前前面面有有such修修饰饰，，故故用用as引引导导定定语语从从句句；；而而第第二二空空处处定定语语从从句句缺缺少主语少主语,而且先行词是物，故用而且先行词是物，故用that或者或者which引导定语从句。

引导定语从句(2)He is such an honest man ____________ we respect him.A．．as B．．whichC．．that D．．who解解析析：：选选C句句意意““他他是是一一个个如如此此诚诚实实的的人人以以至至于于我我们们都都尊尊敬敬他他在在that引引导导的的从从句句中中不不缺缺少少任任何何成成分分，，故故此此处处考考查查such...that...句句式式，，表表示示““如如此此…………以以至至于于……”……”，，that引引导结果状语从句导结果状语从句六、关系代词六、关系代词that与与which的用法区别的用法区别1．．which可引导非限制性定语从句，可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能He didn’t come back home on time，，which made his father very angry.他没有按时回家，这使他的父亲很生气他没有按时回家，这使他的父亲很生气2．．which之前可以有介词，之前可以有介词，that之前则不能有之前则不能有This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子。

这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子3．当．当that和和which都指物时，在以下都指物时，在以下4种情况中，用种情况中，用that而而不能用不能用which1)当先行词是当先行词是all，，everything，，nothing，，something，，anything，，much，，little，，few等不定代词时等不定代词时•①That is all that I want to say.那就是我想要说的•②There is nothing that can terrify him.•没有什么能吓住他•③There was little that I could do for you.•我不能为你做什么•(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时•The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

4)当先行词被当先行词被the very，，the only，，the just等修饰时等修饰时①①This is the very T­shirt(that)I want to buy.这正是我要买的这正是我要买的T恤衫②②Mr.Smith is ___________foreigner (that)he knows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人the only跟踪训练跟踪训练1．． Stop complaining about everything ___________ does not please you.A．．it B．．thatC．．which D．．what解解析析：：选选B句句意意““不不要要再再抱抱怨怨那那些些不不如如你你意意的的每每一一件件事事先先行行词词为为everything，，故故只只能能用用that引引导导定定语语从从句句，，that在在从从句中作主语；不能用句中作主语；不能用which代替2．．He answered few questions _________ the teacher asked.A．．that B．．theyC．．which D．．whose解解析析：：选选A。

句句意意““他他几几乎乎没没有有回回答答老老师师的的那那些些问问题题先先行行词词questions前前面面有有不不定定代代词词few修修饰饰，，故故用用that引引导导定定语从句3．．They talked for about half an hour of things and persons _______________ they remembered in the school. A．．which B．．whomC．．who D．．that解解析析：：选选D句句意意““他他们们聊聊起起他他们们所所能能记记得得起起的的学学校校里里的的人人和和事事来来，，聊聊了了约约半半个个钟钟头头先先行行词词为为things and persons，既指人又指物，故用，既指人又指物，故用that引导定语从句引导定语从句写法指导写法指导介介绍绍人人物物属属于于记记叙叙文文，，以以叙叙述述和和描描写写为为主主写写作作顺顺序序可可以以采采用用““顺顺叙叙””、、““倒倒叙叙””和和““插插叙叙””，，叙叙述述过过程程中中应应当当条条理理清清楚，脉络分明楚，脉络分明写作人物描写类文章的基本步骤是：写作人物描写类文章的基本步骤是：写作指导妙笔生花写作指导妙笔生花如何写记叙文如何写记叙文——人物描写人物描写写作指导写作指导写作指导写作指导•1．出生日期以及出生地点。

这是人物写作的基本信息，应该详细而且具体•2．家庭背景也就是人物的家庭状况或者是人物的家庭生活的基本情况•3．教育背景人物受教育的基本过程，以及取得的学历•4．生平大事这是人物写作的主体部分，即人物做出的贡献或者取得的成就•5．人物评价人物评价是对所描述人物进行的评价，评价必须客观公正；可以是作者自己的评价，也可以是其他人士的评价常用句式常用句式1．介绍人物的姓名、出身．介绍人物的姓名、出身(1)She was born in Beijing on Oct.12th,1986.(2)She was a great woman with the name of...(3)She was born to/into a poor/rich family.2．介绍家庭背景．介绍家庭背景(1)His/Her family was so poor that...(2)His/Her father was very stirct with him/her...•3．介绍教育背景•(1)She was admitted to a famous university...•(2)She graduated from the Chinese Department of Beijing University.•(3)When at college, he majored in math.•4．介绍人物喜好•(1)He is interested inis fond ofis crazy about music.•(2)His favorite sport is playing basketball.•5．介绍人物生活态度•(1)He works hard at/devotes his lifetime/himself to achieving his life goal.•(2)He made up his mind to do the job well.•(3)He tried his best to help others.•6．评价人物•(1)His hard work brought him great success.•(2)He set a good example to us.•(3)He was honored as a model worker.•(4)He made great contributions to our country.写作要求写作要求请请就就下下面面居居伊伊·德德·莫莫泊泊桑桑的的资资料料，，写写一一篇篇人人物物简简介介，，以以便便刊刊登在登在《《英语报英语报》》上。

上1．莫泊桑是．莫泊桑是19世纪法国著名的小说大师；世纪法国著名的小说大师；2．莫泊桑于．莫泊桑于1850年年8月出生在法国诺曼底一个普通家庭；月出生在法国诺曼底一个普通家庭；3．．从从童童年年时时代代起起，，他他就就对对文文学学有有着着浓浓厚厚的的兴兴趣趣；；喜喜欢欢文文学学的母亲培养他写诗，母亲是他走上文学道路的启蒙老师；的母亲培养他写诗，母亲是他走上文学道路的启蒙老师；典题示例典题示例典题示例典题示例4．．1871年年他他在在教教育育部部工工作作之之余余开开始始从从事事写写作作，，作作品品深深受受人人们喜爱《《项链项链》》就是这个时期的作品；就是这个时期的作品；5．他的作品多是短篇小说，并以惊人的故事结局而著称．他的作品多是短篇小说，并以惊人的故事结局而著称注意：注意：1.可适当增加细节；可适当增加细节；2．不要逐条翻译；．不要逐条翻译；3．．100词左右；词左右；•参考词汇：居伊·德·莫泊桑Guy de Maupassant；诺曼底Normandy；《项链》The Necklace•________________________________________________________________________________________________________•____________________________________________________•____________________________________________________•____________________________________________________佳作欣赏佳作欣赏　　　　 Guy de Maupassant was a well­known French novelist and short­story writer in the 19th century. He was born into an ordinary family in August, 1850 in Normandy, France, where he was brought up too.　　　　 During his boyhood, he became fond of literature by accident and showed interest in it. His mother cheered him up and permitted him to practice writing poems. He was lucky enough to have such a mother to develop him in writing poems. Indeed, his mother became his first teacher to lead him to his literature career.•　　 In 1871, he worked in the government department, where he sought for chances to write stories. Before long his stories were liked by people. It was at this time that he finished his masterpiece The Necklace, which made him better known.•　　 As for his stories, most of them are short ones, which were written in a fancy style—famous for their surprising endings.。