
初一上册应具备的基础知识.ppt
27页初一上册应具备的基础知识初一上册应具备的基础知识1.词类:动词,名词,代词,形容词,副词,词类:动词,名词,代词,形容词,副词,介词,冠词,数词介词,冠词,数词2.句式:肯定句、否定句、疑问句、祈使句句式:肯定句、否定句、疑问句、祈使句3.时态:一般现在时时态:一般现在时4.句子成分:主语,谓语,宾语,定语,补语句子成分:主语,谓语,宾语,定语,补语谓语谓语句子中表示句子中表示“动作动作”的词的词主语主语动作的动作的“发出者发出者”宾语宾语动作的动作的“承受者承受者”补语补语起起“补充说明补充说明”的作用的作用表语表语表示主语表示主语“身份、性质、特征、状态身份、性质、特征、状态”的词的词状语状语表示动作发生的表示动作发生的“时间、地点、原因、条件、时间、地点、原因、条件、方式等方面的词在句中作状语方式等方面的词在句中作状语” 1. want 用法用法(1)汉意:汉意:想要想要(2)词性:词性:及物动词及物动词(3)句型:句型:句型句型1::主语主语 + want + 宾语句型句型2::主语主语 + want + to + V.原原 + 其他句型句型3::主语主语 + want + sb. + to + V.原原 + 其他。
其他 (4)例句:例句:He wants three apples. They want to play games.Tom wanted Jim to do homework yesterday.习习 题题(1)Lucy wants ___ breakfast at home.A. have B. having C. had D. to have(2)Tom wanted __ a doctor when he was a child.A. to are B. to is C. to be D. to am(3)Jim wants ___ join the tennis club. (多选多选)A. he to B. him C. him to D. to2. join 用法用法(1)汉意:汉意:加入加入(2)词性:词性:及物动词及物动词(3)英语中的英语中的“加入加入”::join 后跟表示:后跟表示:“组织组织”、、“团体团体”、、“党派党派”、、“军队军队”等这样的等这样的群体词汇群体词汇;;join in 后跟表示:后跟表示:“竞赛竞赛”、、“娱乐娱乐”、、“游游戏戏”等这样的等这样的活动词汇活动词汇。
take part in 后跟表示后跟表示活动的词汇活动的词汇,可与,可与join in 互换;不同点在于,使用互换;不同点在于,使用take part in 时,表时,表示参与者示参与者以积极的态度加入活动中,并能起到以积极的态度加入活动中,并能起到一定的作用一定的作用(4)例句:例句:Jim wants to join us.He wants to join the army.Lucy joined in the ball game just now.Yao Ming will take part in the ball game.(5)易混句型:易混句型:如果说如果说"与某人一起做某事与某人一起做某事"、、"和和……在一起在一起"则用则用join sb. in sth./doing sth①①Would you join me in a walk?和我一起去散步好吗?和我一起去散步好吗? ②②I’ll join you in playing cards.我会和你们一起打牌的我会和你们一起打牌的习习 题题(1) We will have a football match next Sunday, will you want ___ us?A. join B. to join in C. join in D. to join (2) Let’s go to ___ the ball game.A. join B. to join in C. join in D. to join 3. 英语中的英语中的“说说”(1)单词:单词:speak:说:说 、发言、发言 say:说出:说出 tell:告诉,讲:告诉,讲 talk:谈话,交谈:谈话,交谈(2)结构:结构:speak + 语言:语言: 说某种语言说某种语言I can speak English. 我会说英语我会说英语say + 一句话:说一句话:说“……”He says “Nice to meet you.” 他说他说“见到你很高兴。
见到你很高兴say it in + 语言:用某种语言说某物语言:用某种语言说某物How to say it in English? 它用英语怎么说?它用英语怎么说?tell sb. sth. :告诉某人某事:告诉某人某事Lucy tells him a story. 露西告诉他一个故事露西告诉他一个故事talk with sb. = talk to sb. : 与某人交谈与某人交谈He talked to/with his son. 他和他他和他 的儿子交谈的儿子交谈talk about sb./sth. : 谈论某事谈论某事He is talking about the accident. 他正在谈论这个事故他正在谈论这个事故习习 题题(1) --Jim, can you ___ this word in Chinese? -- Yes, I can ___ a little Chinese.A. speak , say B. say , speak C. tell , speak D. talk , say(2) He is going to ___ at the meeting.A. talk B. say C. tell D. speak4. 英语中的英语中的“也也”(1) too 用在肯定句、疑问句句尾,用在肯定句、疑问句句尾,too前有逗号前有逗号(2) either 用在否定句句尾,用在否定句句尾,either前有逗号前有逗号(3) also 用于肯定句,位置是行前用于肯定句,位置是行前be后后例句:例句:He is a teacher, too.Is he a teacher, too?He isn’t a teacher, either.He is also a teacher. He also likes playing football.(4) too 另一个含义另一个含义“太太”,后接形容词副词,后接形容词副词too big 太大了太大了 too slowly 太慢了太慢了习习 题:用题:用“too” “either” “also” 填空填空Tom: I like my English teacher. Do you like him, _____?Jim: I like him, _____.Lucy: I ____ like him. He is _____ kind.Lily: But I don’t like him.Mary: I don’t like him, _____.5. 英语中的英语中的“多义词多义词play”(1) “动词类动词类”:踢、打、玩、拉、下:踢、打、玩、拉、下……play football play basketball play gamesplay chess play the violin play the piano注意:注意:play + 棋类名词棋类名词/球类名词球类名词/游戏类游戏类play + the + 乐器类名词乐器类名词(2)“名词类名词类”:: 游戏、戏剧游戏、戏剧……Play is as necessary as work.游戏同工作一样必要。
游戏同工作一样必要Do you enjoy the play?你欣赏这出戏吗?你欣赏这出戏吗?填填 空:空:the / 不填不填I can play ___ football and she can play ___ chess, but we can’t play ___ guitar. Lucy plays ___ drums well, she also plays ___ piano.6. 英语中的英语中的“so”(1)因此,所以:连词,连接因此,所以:连词,连接2个句子,构成因个句子,构成因果关系,但不能果关系,但不能because一起用2)这样,如此:副词,可以修饰形容词、副词;这样,如此:副词,可以修饰形容词、副词;口语中常和口语中常和“think”, ”hope”等连用等连用例句:例句:It is late, so let’s go home.Let’s go home because it’s late.It’s so cold. 天太冷了天太冷了I think so. 我认为如此我认为如此I hope so. 我希望如此我希望如此7. 英语中的英语中的”or”(1) 或者、还是:常用疑问句、否定句,前后可以连接或者、还是:常用疑问句、否定句,前后可以连接“词词”、、“短语短语”、、“句子句子”(2)否则:表示转折关系否则:表示转折关系例句:例句:Which one is nicer, the big one or the small one?He doesn’t have a pen or a pencil.We must leave now, or we will miss the bus.注意:注意:and 和和 or He ate two apples and a orange.He didn’t ate two apples or a orange.含有含有and的句子变成疑问或否定句时,的句子变成疑问或否定句时,and要改写成要改写成or8. with 和和 and(1)with 表示表示“伴随伴随”、、“与与…一起一起”(2)and 表示表示“和和…一起一起”例句:例句:Tom and Jim go to school everyday.Tom with Jim goes to school everyday.汤姆和吉姆每天上学。
汤姆和吉姆每天上学汤姆跟着吉姆每天上学汤姆跟着吉姆每天上学Tom goes to school with Jim everyday.把把and看成看成“加法加法”,,with看成看成“减法减法”,句子中谓语,句子中谓语动词填动词填“原形原形”还是还是“单三单三”,要看人称到底是多,要看人称到底是多少I have three dogs and I play ___ after school.A. them B. with them C. they D. with theyYour brother with me ___ tennis together.A. play B. plaies C. plays D. playes Your brothers with me ___ tennis together.A. play B. plaies C. plays D. playes 9. 英语在的英语在的“need”词性词性(1):及物动词,有各种变化:及物动词,有各种变化用法结构:用法结构:主语主语+ need + 名词名词/代词代词/动词不定式动词不定式例句:例句:I need some water.Tom needs them.We needed to water the flowers.词性词性(2):情态动词,:情态动词,用法结构:用法结构:主语主语+ need + 动词原形动词原形+其他。
其他例句:例句:We need water the flowers.10. make 短语短语(1)汉意:汉意:“制作制作”(2)短语:短语:make friends with 与与…交朋友交朋友make faces 做鬼脸做鬼脸 make noises 制造噪音制造噪音make money 赚钱赚钱 make progress 取得进步取得进步make tea 沏茶沏茶 make coffee 煮咖啡煮咖啡sth. + be动词动词 + made + in + 地点地点sth. + be动词动词 + made + of + 原料原料sth. + be动词动词 + made + from + 原料原料sth. + be动词动词 + made + in + 地点地点sth. + be动词动词 + made + of + 原料原料sth. + be动词动词 + made + from + 原料原料例句:例句:The car is made in China.这辆车是中国制造这辆车是中国制造The table is made of wood.这桌子用树木做的。
这桌子用树木做的The book is made of wood.这本书是用树木做的这本书是用树木做的11. 英语中的英语中的“call”(1)动词:打;叫喊,呼叫动词:打;叫喊,呼叫(2)名词:,通话名词:,通话例句:例句:Please call Tom at 86573467.请打请打86573467给汤姆Listen, someone is calling.听,有人在叫喊听,有人在叫喊Don’t forget to call me.别忘了打给我别忘了打给我Please give Tom a call.请给汤姆打个请给汤姆打个3)短语:短语:动词:动词:call sb. at 号码号码 ;; call sb.名词:名词:give sb. a call 12. busy(1)形容词:忙碌的、繁忙的形容词:忙碌的、繁忙的 反义词:反义词:free 空闲的空闲的(2)常用短语:常用短语:主语主语 + be动词动词 + busy + with sth.主语忙于某事主语忙于某事主语主语 + be动词动词 + busy + V.ing sth. 主语忙于主语忙于做做某事某事例句例句His father is very busy.Tom is busy with homework.Tom is busy doing homework.。












