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中考英语总复习第2部分语法突破专题8动词和动词短语精讲课件.ppt

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    • 英英语语 2018 河南专题专题八八动词动词和和动词动词短短语语(必考点:必考点: 6~~7分,分,单选单选、、完形完形) CONTENTS目目录录中考解中考解读读考点精考点精讲讲试题试题精精练练 中考解中考解读读考点 题型 年份 实义动词 析 河南省近五年中考统计 2017 32 题 2016 24 题 2015 27题 2014 2013 高频考点 单项选择 27 题 22 题 43 题,44 题 39 题,★★★ 41 题, 44题 词义辨 完形填 38 题,空 44 题 36 题,37 题,43 题, 42 题, 44 题 43题 河南省近五年中考统计 考点 题型 年份 单项选情态动 择 高频考点 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 28题 27题 26题 / 26题 词 完形填空 / / / 39题 / ★★★ 河南省近五年中考统计 考点 题型 年份 单项选动词短 择 高频考点 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 30题 34题 29题 29题 30题 ★★★ 语 完形填空 45题 / 36题 41题 / 从近 5年的河南真题来分析,动词和动词短语的命题特点为: 考点精考点精讲讲考点考点动词动词的基本用法的基本用法☆☆☆☆☆☆(该该考点考点虽虽不会直接出不会直接出题题,但也要了,但也要了解,解,对对掌握其他考点有帮助掌握其他考点有帮助) 实义动词是独立作谓语的动词,根据其后能否接宾语可分为:及物动词和不及物动词。

      (1) 及物动词本身意义不完整, 需要接宾语才能使其意思完整主要用于以下三种句型: ①动词+宾语: Would you please open the window? 请你打开窗户好吗? ②动词+宾语+宾补: They asked me to go fishing with them. 他们让我和他们一起去钓鱼 ③动词+间接宾语+直接宾语: I will return him the storybook. 我准备把故事书还给他 (2) 不及物动词自身意义完整,无需接宾语,如go, run, come, happen, swim 等 Horses run fast. 马跑得快 注意: ① 有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词We study English.我们学习英语及物动词) We study hard.我们努力学习不及物动词) ② 有些不及物动词与其他词搭配可构成动词短语,相当于一个及物动词 Listen to the teacher carefully. 仔细听老师讲课 She gets along well with her classmates. 他与他的同学们相处得很好。

      考点考点 动词词义动词词义辨析辨析(★★★★★★ ) 动词词义辨析是河南中考的必考点,其中语境辨析是考查的重点其解题关键是通过分析具体的语境来辨析动词的词义解答此类题目要求考生在备考阶段熟记课本单词和考纲词汇来扩充自己的词汇量 动词近义词辨析也会涉及,主要有: speak, tell, talk与say 【详见本书第1部分七 (上 )Units 1~ 4 P3 】 spend, pay, take与cost 【详见本书第1部分七 (下 )Units 5~ 8 P26】 ... 1. (2017 河南 ) The plane ____ D on the ground for two more hours because of the bad weather. A. ran C. shook B. moved D. remained 2. (2016 河南 ) My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn't____ to see them after several months away from home. AA. wait C. expect B. help D. afford 3. (2015 河南 ) Soccer is a wonderful game for children. It____great Aexercise, such as running and kicking. A. provides C. practices B. remains D. receives 4. (2014河南 ) Choosing the right circle of the friends will ____us a lot Aof troubles, heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret. A. save C. keep B. share D. bring 5. (2013 河南 ) If you want to change the world, you have to____ Dyourself first. A. enjoy C. help B. check D. change 考点考点 情情态动词态动词(★★★★★★ ) 1. 情态动词的基本用法 (1) can(否定式为can't) ①表示能力,“能;会”。

      I can play the guitar. 我会弹吉他 ②表示请求、允许,“可以”Can I go home now? 我现在可以回家了吗? (2) could ① can 的过去式,表示过去的能力Lucy could swim at five. 露西五岁就会游泳 ②表示请求,但语气较委婉Could I have a look at your book? 我能看看你的书吗? (3) may ①表示请求、许可,意为“可以”You may sit here if you want.如果你想的话,你可以坐在这儿 ②表示祝福和愿望May you be happy!祝您幸福! (4) might ① may 的过去式He asked if he might go home. 他问他是否可以回家了 ②表示请求、许可,语气比may 更委婉Might I smoke here? 我可以在这里吸烟吗? 【易错提醒】由may 引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may ;否定回答用 can't/mustn't (5) must(否定式为 mustn't)/have to 表示主观意愿,意为“必须”,而表示客观上“必须; 不得不”要用have to。

      在回答以must 开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must, 否定回答用 needn't 或don't have to ① You must finish your homework first! 你必须先完成你的家庭作业! ② Mom is out, so I have to look after my little sister. 妈妈外出了,所以我不得不照看我的小妹妹 (6) need(否定式为 needn't ) ①作情态动词,意为“需要”,常用于否定句和疑问 句中疑问句中,肯定回答用must , 否定回答用needn't 或don't have to — Need I go there tomorrow?明天我需要去那儿吗? — Yes, you must./ No, you needn't/don't have to. 是的,你必须去/不,不需要 ②作实义动词时, 后常跟不定式作宾语,常用于肯定句中 He needs to see a doctor. 他需要看医生 (7)shall用于主语是第一人称的疑问句中,表示询问意见Shall I turn on the light? 我要不要开灯? (8)should(否定式为shouldn't)/ought to 意为“应该”, 表示责任和义务,也可表劝告或建议。

      ① We should keep our air fresh. 我们应该保持空气清新 ② You ought to teach them carefully. 你应该细心地教导他们 (9)had better表示建议,“最好”You'd better stay at home. 你最好待在家里 【易错提醒】 will/would 也可作情态动词,表示意愿、请求、注定会等意义 ① She said she would try her best to help me. 她说她愿意尽自己最大努力来帮助我 ② Will you come this way, please? 请走这边,好吗? 2. 情态动词表推测的用法 情态动词 must may might could can't 意义及用法 表示非常有把握的肯定推测,“一定”, 用于肯定句中 “可能”, 用于肯定句,表示把握不大的肯定推测 表猜测,可能性比could 小,语气比may 弱 表猜测,“很可能” 表否定猜测,语气强烈,“不可能” (1) The book must be Lily's, because there is her name on the cover. 这本书一定是莉莉的,因为封面上有她的名字。

      (2) — What are you going to do this weekend? 这周末你打算做什么? — I'm not sure. I may/might/could go to visit my grandpa. 我不确定我可能去拜访我爷爷 (3) Jim can't be in the room. He has gone to Beijing. 吉姆不可能在房间他去北京了 注意: 这几个词按照推测的可能性大小依次为:must ﹥ could ﹥ may﹥ might ﹥ can't 6. (2017河南 ) — I don't care what people think. — Well, you ____. You're not alone in this world. CA. can C. should B. may D. will 7. (2016河南 )— You look very pretty, if I____say so. B— Thanks a lot for saying that. A. must C. will B. may D. have to 8. (2015 河南 ) — What's the matter with Tom? He has been absent for two days. C— Oh! He ____be ill. Let's go and ask Ms Brown. A. can C. may B. need D. would 9. (2013河南 ) — Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green? — Yes, I'm afraid we ____. That's the traffic rule. CA. can C. have to B. may D. need 考点考点 动词动词短短语语(★★★★★★ ) 动词短语为必考点,其命题点主要有:不同动词+同一介词/副词,同一动词+不同介词/副词。

      此外不同动词+不同介词/副词虽然很少涉及,但复习时也应注意 1. 不同动词+同一介词/副词 with 短语 agree with同意 begin with以……开始 deal with 解决;处理 catch up with赶上 keep up with 跟上 come up with提出;想出 get along with与……相处 on 短语 pass on 传递 go on 继续 turn on 打开 try on 试穿 depend on/upon依靠;信赖 put on 试穿;上演 work on 从事;继续工作 off短语 break off 突然停止 cut off 切除 get off 下车 keep off 不接近 send off 派遣 turn off 关掉 give off 发出 (光热等 ) put off 推迟 take off 起飞;脱下 set off 动身;启程 away 短语 move away 搬走 put away 放好 run away逃跑;跑掉 give away赠送;捐赠 throw away 扔掉 take away 带走;拿走 up 短语 【详见本书第1部分八 (下 )Units 1~ 2 P53】 2. 同一动词+不同介词/副词 go 短语 go away 离开 go by(时间 )流逝 go off 熄灭;离开 go over 仔细检查 go up 上升;增长 go back 回到 turn 短语 【详见本书第1部分八 (上 )Units 7~ 8 P47】 give 短语 【详见本书第1部分八 (下 )Units 1~ 2 P53】 look 短语 【详见本书第1部分八 (下 )Units 3~ 4 P59】 (编者按:由于篇幅有限,该专题列出的动词短语有限,需要学生注意平时积累,更多内容见《领跑中考·早读材料》正面重点短语的内容) 10 . (2017 河南 )Don't know where your kids are in the house? Turn off the Internet and they'll ____ quickly. CA. get up C. show up B. stand up D. hurry up 11. (2016河南 )Almost every university now has a website which allows us to _____the information about it. DA. look at C. look around B. look after D. look through 12. (2015 河南 )Jane is very busy these days, for she has a lot of Aproblems to____. A. deal with C. agree with B. keep up with D. come up with 13. (2014河南 )This bus doesn't go to the train station. I'm afraid you'll Chave to ____ at the library and take the A52. A. take off C. get off B. put off D. turn off 14. (2013河南 )____a light when necessary. You will bring light to other Cpeople and yourself. A. Try on C. Turn on B. Get on D. Put on 考点考点 系系动词动词和助和助动词动词☆☆☆☆☆☆(该考点河南中考近几年虽没直接出题,但也要了解,对掌握其他考点有帮助) 1. 系动词 系动词本身有意义,但不能单独作谓语,须和表语构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份,且没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。

      常见词有:一是 (be) 一感 (feel) 一保持 (keep)起来四个(look /sound/taste /smell)好像 (seem)变了仨 (get/ turn/become) (1) The mountain looks so beautiful! 这座山看起来很漂亮! (2) She seems very angry. 她似乎很生气 2. 助动词 助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,须和别的动词连用,帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构常见助动词有:be(am/is/ are), have( has/had), do(does/did), will(would), shall等 Tom is reading a book under the tree. 汤姆正在树下看书 What did you do last Sunday? 上周日你干了什么? 15. The new sweater I bought for my grandma ____soft. She likes it very Dmuch. A. looks C. tastes B. smells D. feels 谢谢观谢谢观看看Exit 。

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