好文档就是一把金锄头!
欢迎来到金锄头文库![会员中心]
电子文档交易市场
安卓APP | ios版本
电子文档交易市场
安卓APP | ios版本

科普类说明文阅读理解题的解题技巧.doc

6页
  • 卖家[上传人]:ni****g
  • 文档编号:536237536
  • 上传时间:2023-09-21
  • 文档格式:DOC
  • 文档大小:36.01KB
  • / 6 举报 版权申诉 马上下载
  • 文本预览
  • 下载提示
  • 常见问题
    • 科普类说明文阅读理解的解题技巧洪湖一中 刘习文 “说明文”,顾名思义,就是一种以“说明、解释”为表达方式的文体,它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等做科学解说高考说明文多考查科普知识,动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面,文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多,其专业术语多,抽象度高,解题难度大,易于拉开考生分数档次,便于高校选拔人才,是高考英语阅读理解题的必考题之一因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点,叙述方式,重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系,以便做出准确的语意理解历年的科普类文章有以下特点: 1.结构严谨,逻辑性强它有明确的主题,论证主题的事实以及严谨的逻辑结构,层次分明,段落清晰一般由导语(introduction)、背景(background)、主体(main body)和结尾(ends)四部分构成,主题句常出现在句首和句尾  2.文章注重科技领域的新发现,内容新颖,抽象复杂但词汇具有单一性和准确性的特点语言上力求浅显易懂,用通俗的语言解释某种科学现象因此,尽管有专业词汇和术语,但可以通过上下文、构词法等来猜出词义 3.命题侧重对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断。

      4.以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手,探讨利弊,诠释过程,阐述概念 科普说明文设置题型: 1.动植物保护自身方式判断题 介绍动植物生长特点时常出现受环境影响动植物保护自身方式判断题,这种试题常以To defend…, …uses…或How does…protect itself against…?为设问方式,解题时应认真阅读原文对动植物自我保护方式内容的介绍,看其是以进化、逃避还是进攻保护自身 2.标题判断题 科普说明文多出现标题判断题,考查考生对全文的理解,它常以What would be the best title for this passage?为设问方式,解题时应特别注意因科普说明文常介绍动植物是如何保护自身的,因此多以How do/does…defend themselves(itself)为标题 3.生词词义判断题  科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点及产品工艺原理,易出现一些学术性较强的生词,因此常出现生词词义判断题,这种试题常以What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式考查对生词词义的判断。

      解题时一定要认真阅读原文,分析原文对自然奥秘、动植物生存特点、产品工艺原理是如何解释、如何定义的,在此基础上抽象概括出生词词义 4.代词指代判断题 科技说明文在对自然奥秘、动植物生存特点及产品工艺原理进行解释时,易出现动作变换多、人称转变频的现象,因此常出现代词指代判断题,这些试题常以it, they, them等表物的代词为命题题点,要求考生根据上下文语境逻辑推断其指代对象解题时应认真分析动作转换背景,区分动作不同执行者,从而准确判断代词的正确指代 5.科学方法图示判断题 科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题,这种试题或以生物依赖关系为命题题点,要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系;或以工艺流程为命题题点,要求考生判断正确的流程顺序,或以生产方法为命题题点,要求考生判断正确的生产方法;或以机械配制为命题题点,要求考生判断正确的机械配制解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍,并且边读边画简易草图,以提高理解准确率分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况,找出各图不同之处,以便最终做出正确判断 6.新产品使用方法判断题 科学的发明创造都应推广使用才能转化为生产力,因此科普说明文阅读材料常出现新产品使用方法判断题,这种试题常以What is the correct way to use the new invention?或How can you use the new product?或What should we do to use the new product?为设问方式考查对新产品使用方法的判断。

      解题时应认真阅读原文介绍新产品使用方法的注意点,从而找到新产品正确的使用方法解题技巧: 一.科普文传播科学,解题要“遵循科学的内在逻辑”利用科学规律可以快速排除阅读题的干扰选项,因为干扰项往往是逻辑不严密、观点偏颇、片面、甚至是荒唐错误的 如:(2013湖北E)Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.A. to fully enjoy their present life B. to estimate their contribution accuratelyC. to take measures against potential risks D. to value health more highly than wealth 分析: Pessimism 悲观主义,凡事都往坏的一面想从辩证的角度看,其积极的一面:有利于对危害危险有比较充分的认识,所以不用看文章,就知道C是正确的悲观的人不容易做到A,充分享受现有的生活;悲观与B、D无关再如:Biomass(生物质) is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. It most often refers to plants or plant-derived materials which are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass. Why is Biomass considered as “a sort of natural battery”?A. It burns merely plant matter.     B. It keeps producing electricity.C. It stores the energy from the sun.    D. It produces zero carbon dioxide.分析: 生物质为什么被认为是“一种天然电池”?生物学知识告诉我们,植物吸收太阳光转化为生物能储存在体内,通过化学方式,可以把它所储存的这种能量转化出来利用。

      依据这个科学知识,我们得出答案C. B项,生物质本身不发电,不能keeps producing electricity.说明B不对D项说的是Biomass 能的优点,不是它被叫做电池的原因,所以不对A说它燃烧植物,错二.科普文主旨明确,精准、直白、在首尾即:文章主旨在首尾段;段落主旨在首尾句 如: A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanic fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. “It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件)”’... They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly.... While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small,off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield..... Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale...Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Father of Robotic Fly B. Inspiration from Engineering Science C. Robotic Fly imitates Real Life Insect D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study1)各段焦点是什么?——即多次重复的词—Robotic Fly2)本文内容摘要科技话题—Robotic Fly—五段内容之焦点研发者— A team of engineers at Harvard University —首段之首产品用途— it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. —倒数第二段科技意义— the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale —尾段首句结论:主旨直白在开头再如:首段 For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic”. People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes(音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. Amusics’ strange behaviours.   B. Some people’s inability to enjoy music.C. Musical talent and br。

      点击阅读更多内容
      关于金锄头网 - 版权申诉 - 免责声明 - 诚邀英才 - 联系我们
      手机版 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号 | 经营许可证(蜀ICP备13022795号)
      ©2008-2016 by Sichuan Goldhoe Inc. All Rights Reserved.