英语音标基础学习与练习试题.doc

专业.专注 .英语音标学习认识几个定义：1、音素 英语语音中最小的发音单位2、元音 发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍3、辅音 发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍4、音节 说话时最小的语音片段 一个可以为单个元音（如I/aɪ/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree /tri:/）单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词5、开音节 以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音（如me, he等）；或以不发音字母e结尾（如name, come等）6、闭音节 以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如it, pen, pick等）7、重读 在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读用符号“’”表示8、清音和浊音（辅音） 发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音音标基础学习一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个元音1. 长短：/i:/ /ɪ/ /ɜ:/ /ə/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/ /U:/ /ʊ/ 2. 大小：/e/ // /ɑ:/ /ʌ/3. I组：/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/4. U组：/əʊ/ /aʊ/5. ə组：/ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/ 浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ // /z//ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dr//dz/ /r/ /m//n/ /ŋ//ǀ/ /w/ /j/注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化, /p/ /t/ /k/ 它们浊化后，分别发成: /b/ /d/ /g/二．26个字母在单词中的具体发音a 1. /ei/ name able cake table take date2. // apple cat map am match matter sad and angry 3. /ɑ: / dance last pass plant 4. /כ/ want what watch wash5. /ə/ a arrive along alike aloud e 1. /i:/ he she me evening meter 2. /e/ elephant egg bed pen best get empty February next then send 3. /i/ enjoy English eleven because foresti 1. /ai / fine bike five ice climber hiking kind 2. /i/ is sit miss pig picture interesting ill dinner him listen pick rivero 1. /əu / old home nose coke tomato tofu over hold piano2. /כ/ dog not clock box robot on from forest often stop3. /ʌ/ son month mother love young4. /u:/ who do whoseu 1. /ju: / use usually excuse menu2. /ʌ/bus us sun duck uncle up trunk funny must3. / u / put pull helpfulb /b/ book big bag boxc 1. /k/ clean climb cup clock cook collect curtain clothes2. /s/ face nice pencil city cinema d /d/ desk doll dog dad day don’t dish does deepf /f/ fine friend fly foot fan fall fight favourite fruit funny g 1. /ɡ/ gun glass glad go get 2. /dʒ / age orange villageh /h/ hat her house honey happy have heavier hurt hobby hospitalj / dʒ/ jeep jacket jump Jan. July Junek /k/ kite cake thank kangaroo speak take walk work lake like l 1. /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play 2. /l/ apple bowl tell old tail whale m /m/ am map my mouth milk n 1. /n/ no know new hand 2. /ŋ/ thank think thing uncle swingp /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policemanq /kw/ quite quilt quick r /r/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirror librarys 1. /s/ sit miss this salty books spring swim sleep sometimes grass 2. /z/ nose those rose rulers seasont /t/ it sit not that table little tired take left fruit but plantv /v/ five very seven village livew /w/ we window watch want wait water Wednesday winter withx /ks/ box six fox relaxy 1. /ai /my fly why bye 2. / j / yes yellow young yesterday3. / i /happy baby very windy snowy study z / z / zoo zero三、常见字母组合（一）元音组合 ai /ei/waitpaint trainay /ei/ may play day say air /εə / air hair chair al /ɔ:/ tall small ball ar /α: / farther farm car arm ea ①/i:/ meat please tea read ②/e/ head bread ready ③/iə/theater ear ①/ iə / earhearnear ②/εə/bear ③/ə:/earth ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep eir /εə/ their er ①/ə/worker teacher ②/ə:/her ere ①/iə/here ②/εə/ where there ew ①/ju: / newfew ②/u: / flewgrew ight /ai / right high bright ir /ə: / bird girl shirt thirty oa /əu/ boat coat ong /oŋ/longsong oo ①/u/ book foot good ②/u:/ moon balloon or ①/ɔ:/ short fork port ②/ə: / word world work oor /ɔ:/ doorfloor ore /ɔ:/ more store sore ou /au/ out house mouth our ①/ɔ:/ four　your ②/auə/ our ow ① /əu/ bowlwindow ②/au/ now cow flower oy /oi/boytoy ur /ə: /turn （二）辅音组合 th ① /θ/ thankmouth ② / δ/ this that with tr /tr/ tree train truck dr /dr/ dress driver sh /∫/ shirt wash short ch ①/t∫/ child chair catch ② / k / schoolChristmas ③ / dз/sandwich tw /tw/two twin twenty wh ① /w/ white wheel what ② /h/ who whose whom ts /ts/jacketskites ds /dz/birdsfriends （三）特殊组合 tion /∫n/ question nation 四、单词重音（word stress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。

含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bed[bɛd],dad[dd].由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny[fʌnɪ]，famous[feməs]由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious[dɪlɪʃəs]英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“ ’”表示，如about[əbaut]有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方如anybody[ɛnɪ,bɑdɪ]双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary[,dɑkjəmɛntərɪ]，grandfather[grnd,fɑɚ]四．句子重音（sentence stress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读英语音标练习题一、口语练习（一）读出下列单词：1. /i:/ /i/ /e/ ///bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/。