
九年级(基于人教版)中考复习专用-宾语从句.doc
11页课题九年级语法复习—宾语从句主备人学案序号课时数备课组长签字审核人签字学生姓名Onlythosewhohavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectlyeveracquiretheskilltododifficultthingseasily. (FriedrichSchiller,GermanDramatistandpoet).只有有耐心圆满完成简单工作的人,才能够轻而易举地完成困难的事德国剧作家、诗人席勒.F.)宾语从句定义:在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句1.语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:1)连接词+谓语连接词在从句中作主语常见的连接词有: who,what,which等如:Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?2)连接词+名词+谓语连接词在从句中作主语的定语常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。
如:The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人3)连接词+主语+谓语连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等如:Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等如:She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔2.连接词1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略如:He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
如:I dont know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿但在下列情况下只能用whether:①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)如:I dont know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I dont know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我不知道我们是去还是留②在介词之后用whether如:Im interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语③在不定式前用whether如:He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人④whether置于句首时,不能换用if如:Whether this is true or not,I cant say.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether如:Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether如:Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:a.Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导如:Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?3.时态含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。
如:I dont know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式如:①The children didnt know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁②He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转附:※※4.注意※※:if和when既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导状语从句,应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同if和when引导宾语从句时,分别意为“是否”和“何时”,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时,意思分别为“如果,假如”和“当……时候”,当主句时态是一般将来时时,其时态用一般现在时。
它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查如:—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?—Sorry,I dont know.When he comes back,Ill tell you.对不起,不知道当他回来了,我将告诉你—I dont know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来—He will come if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨,他会来的5.简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句,使其与原句意思相同(或相近)的试题下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法: 方法一:当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构例如: Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. 方法二:当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例如:She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window. 注:当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构例如:Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station? 方法三:当主句的谓语动词是order(命令),require(需要)等时,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构例如:The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once. ※方法四:某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化例如: He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth. 方法五:某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。
例如:Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. ※方法六:动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变化例如: It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句式的转化例如:1. I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.2. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.3. They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy. 6. 中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择;2. 宾语从句的语序;3. 宾语从句的时态。
考点诠释】 宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位,几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查一、连接词宾语从句的连接词分为三类:1. 引导陈述句用that(在口语或非正式文体中常常省略)2. 引导一般疑问句用if或whether注意:下列几种情况通。
