(NEW)北京外国语大学英语学院《812》英汉互译（笔译）历年考研真题及详解.docx

目　录2011年北京外国语大学英语学院812英汉互译（笔译）真题及详解2012年北京外国语大学英语学院812英汉互译（笔译）真题及详解2013年北京外国语大学英语学院812英汉互译（笔译）真题及详解2014年北京外国语大学英语学院812英汉互译（笔译）真题及详解2015年北京外国语大学英语学院812英汉互译（笔译）真题及详解 2011年北京外国语大学英语学院812英汉互译（笔译）真题及详解I. Translate the following passages into Chinese and write your translation onthe answer sheet. (50 points, 25points each)Passage 1It is the unanimous view of our committee that America today faces a seriousand intensifying challenge with regard to its future competitiveness andstandard of living. Further we appear to be on a losing path. We are heretoday hoping both to elevate the nation’s awareness of this developingsituation and to propose constructive solutions.The thrust of our findings is straightforward. The standard of living ofAmericans in the years ahead will depend to a very large degree on thequality of the jobs that they are able to hold. Without quality jobs our citizenswill not have the purchasing power to support the standard of living whichthey seek, and to which many have become accustomed; tax revenues willnot be generated to provide for strong national security and healthcare; andthe lack of a vibrant domestic consumer market will provide a disincentivefor either U.S. or foreign companies to invest in jobs in America.What has brought about the current situation? The answer is that theprosperity equation has a new ingredient, an ingredient that some havereferred to as “The Death of Distance”. In the last century, breakthroughs inaviation created the opportunity to move people and goods rapidly andefficiently over very great distances. Bill Gates has referred to aviation as the“World Wide Web of the twentieth century”. In the early part of the presentcentury, we are approaching the point where the communication, storage andprocessing of information are nearly free. That is, we can now move not onlyphysical items efficiently over great distances, and we can also transportinformation in large volumes and at little cost. (276 words, Rising Above theGathering Storms)【参考译文】我们委员会一致认为今天的美国，其未来的竞争力和生活水平面临着严 峻的挑战。

未来我们似乎在往一条失败的道路上行进所以我们今天在这里希望提高民族对这一发展形势的警惕，来寻求建设性的解决方案根据我们的调查结果，结论简单明了美国生活水平在今后的几年中将很大程度上依靠人们能获得的工作的质量若工作质量不高，公民将无法拥有足够的购买力来维持他们所希望的生活水平，或之前已经习惯了的生活水平；也不能产生税收收入，为国家安全及卫生保健提供强大的支持；而国内消费市场不景气的话，就不能激励美国或国外公司在美国投资，进而不能产生新的工作是什么导致了目前的形势？答案是因为繁荣方程式增加了一个新的因素，有些人把它叫做“距离消失”在上个世纪，航海上的突破使远距离人和货物有效快速的移动成为了可能比尔盖茨曾经把航海当做“二十世纪的万维网”在本世纪早期，信息的沟通、存储和处理接近自由，现在，我们不仅能远距离有效的移动具体物件，还能实现低成本，大批量的信息运输Passage 2Germany as a whole is underemployed. Germans in work put in an averageof 1,430 hours in 2006, the third-lowest rate in the OECD. Even after thelabour-market reforms, long-term unemployment remains well above theOECD average. More than half a million immigrants cannot do the jobs forwhich they trained because Germany does not recognize their qualifications,a case of credentialism gone wild. A country in demographic decline cannotafford such waste. By 2035 Germany’s GDP per person will fall by 8-15%relative to that in other rich European countries and in America.To head off such relative decline, Germany needs to re-engineer not only thewelfare state but its attitudes towards immigrants, women and people over60. Against its conservative instincts it has made a start. In the past ten yearsit had done more to integrate minorities than in the previous 40. When “guestworkers” from Turkey, Italy and Greece flooded in to alleviate laborshortages in the 1950s and 60s, Germans thought they would eventually leaveagain; during the 1980s the government tried to pay them to go. Now itaccepts that Germany is an “immigration country”. A citizenship law passedin 2000 which said that people not born German could become so wasfollowed in 2005 by an immigration law that inched open the doors for skilled foreigners.The government has maintained a cautious momentum, balancing welcomewith a demand that immigrants adapt to German ways. Under a “nationalintegration plan” orchestrated by the grand coalition, language training forimmigrants and their children is being expanded and businesses havepromised to create extra training places for migrants. The coalition set up astanding “Islam Conference” to negotiate relations between the religion andthe state. Its main successes were to establish that Muslims see nocontradiction between their faith and Germany’s constitution, and to agree inprinciple to teach Islam in state schools, as Judaism and Christianity alreadyare. (323 words)【参考译文】整体上德国就业不充分。

在2006年，德国平均工作时间为1430个小时，在经济合作与发展组织中工作时间倒数第三甚至在劳动市场改革后，长时间的失业率仍遥遥超出经济合作与发展组织的平均水平超过五十万的移民因德国不承认其资格而不能从事他们已经受训的工作，文凭主义极度疯狂这在一个人口不断减少的国家是实在再浪费不起的到2035年德国的人均GDP将比其他富裕的欧洲国家和美国下降8—15%为了阻止这种相对下降，德国需要给其福利现状重新注入活力，改变对待移民妇女和60岁以上人群的态度德国从其保守的本能起步，在过去的十年中，在融合少数群体上比前四十年做的还多在19世纪五六十年代，当土耳其、意大利和希腊的客籍工人涌入德国，本可以缓解其劳动力缺乏的状况的时候，德国认为他们最终会离去在19世纪八十。