中考英语被动语态复习讲义.docx

被动语态1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die disappear, end （vi. 结束），fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, standbreak out, come true, fal1 asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.\7 \1/ \)/ \1/ \17 \)/ \17 \)/ 惜错对错对错对错对 1 k /(\ /(\ z(\ /(\ /(\ /(\ /|\ /(\:rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词 The price has been risen.The price has risen.The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last week.The price has raised.The price has been raised.Please seat.Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。

特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意 积累2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to ,take placeThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3）系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turnIt sounds good.4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

对）She likes to swim.（错）To swim is liked by her. PS:有些动词可以带双宾语在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留 在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to★He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.在记 者招待会上人们问了他很多问题★They are taught a lot of things in the kindergartens.他们在幼儿 园被教给很多东西★A new MP4 was given to him as birthday present/gift.作为生日礼物 他收到了一个新MP4【特别提醒】有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上 “to” o例如We heard him sing in his room just now.—He was heard to sing in his room just now.刚才听到他在房间中唱歌一、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.I am asked to study hard by my mother.Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / wereA new shop was bui1t last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has /词This book has been translated intoMany man-made satellites have beencountries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will++及物动词的过去分词havemany sentbe ++ been +及物动词的过去分languages.up into space by many及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过 去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now, 一My bike is being repaired by Tom now.They are planting trees over there. 一Trees are being planted over there by them.7. 不定式的被动培态：to + be +及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. 一There are twenty more trees to be planted.二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态？ 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 先找出谓语动词；2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。

例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. -*A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. —The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.3. He has written two novels so far. —Two novels have been written by him so far.4. They wi11 plant ten trees tomorrow. 一Ten trees wi11 be planted by them tomorrow.5. Lucy is writing a letter now. -*A letter is being written by Lucy now.6. You must lock the door when you leave, —the door must be locked when you leave.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。

What wi11 happen in 100 years.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义This pen writes well.This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to , 但变为被动语态时，须加上to O例：make somebody do something-*somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something-*somebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. —My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the 1 ittle boy do heavy work. 一The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动 词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book. —A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket.一A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike. -*A new bike was bought for me by my father.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢 掉其中的介词或副词We can' t laugh him. -*lle can' t be laugh by us.He listens to the radio every day. 一The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. 一The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.。