小学英语语法总结：句子的种类素材.doc
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小学英语语法:句子的种类(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences)：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快 (说明事实)The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味说明看法)2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)：提出问题有以下四种：a. 一般疑问句(General Questions)：Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗?b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions)：Where do you live? 你住那儿?How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)：Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡?d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)：He doesn't know her, does he?他不认识她，对不对?3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences)：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：Sit down, please. 请坐。
Don't be nervous! 别紧张!4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：1) 简单句(Simple Sentences)：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如：She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮主) (谓)2) 并列句(Compound Sentences)：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.(主) (谓) (主)(谓)食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口3) 复合句(Complex Sentences)：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema.主句 从句我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：1)主 + 动(SV)例如：I work. 我工作。
2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如：John is busy. 约翰忙3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如：She studies English. 她学英语4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如：Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如：My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳13.1 祈使句结构祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等1) 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)Take this seat.Do be careful.否定结构：Don't move.Don't be late.2) 第二种祈使句以let开头Let 的反意疑问句a. Let's 包括说话者Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?= Shall we have another try?b. Let us 不包括说话者Let us have another try，will you / won't you?= Will you please let us have another try?否定结构：Let's not talk of that matter.Let us not talk of that matter.13.2 感叹句结构感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序What +名词+ 陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序How clever a boy he is!How lovely the baby is!What noise they are making!What a clever boy he is!What wonderful ideas (we have)!What cold weather it is!感叹句的省略形式为：What a clever boy (he is)!典型例题1)___ food you've cooked!A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词;what修饰名词。
且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!A. What B. What a C. How D. How a答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词3) --- _____ I had!--- You really suffered a lot.A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time答案A. 感叹句分两类：1：What + n.+主谓部分2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语13.3 强调句结构常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语It is from the sun that we get light and heat.It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.典型例题1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.A. the time B. when C. that D. which答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句 强调句的连词只有两个，that和who当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who"，其余用that原句： My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.A. that B. when C. since D. as答案C. 考点是连词用法。
本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句因此本句不是强调句It is /was +时间+ since… 其中is<---> has been was <---> had been.13.4 用助动词进行强调强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语She does like this horse. 她的确喜欢这匹马Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重13.5 反意疑问句1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't yo。
