纽马克语义翻译与交际翻译.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Communicative&Semantic Translation,Peter Newmark,Main Content,Background,Communicative&Semantic Translation,Comments,Background,Pre-linguistics period of translation,Opposition to the monistic theory,Linguistics bases,Pre-linguistics period of translation,Conflict between free and literal translation;,No attempt to distinguish types or quality of texts;,Strong on theory,but short on method and practical examples;,Unaware of each others work.,The monistic theory of translation,“The two concepts(CT that translation is like language,is purely a social phenomenon.”(Newmark,2001:62),e.g.Nida:Translating is communicating.,Linguistics bases,“Translation theory derives from comparative linguistics,and with linguistics,it is mainly an aspect of semantics;all questions of semantic relate to translation theory”,Vygotsky,：,Inner speech is not the interior aspect of external speech,it is a function in itself.It is to a large extent thinking in puring meanings,.,“Thinking precedes speech and writing.”,Communicative and Semantic translation,Definition,Comparison of CT&ST,Similarities between CT&ST,Definition of,CT and ST,Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original.,Semantic translation attempts to render,as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow,the exact contextual meaning of the original.,Semantic Translation VS.Literal Translation,Literal translation:the primary senses of the lexical words of the original are translated as though,out of context,but the syntactic structures of the target language are respected.,The basic difference is that ST respects,context,but literal translation does not.,Flat“V”diagram,Source Language Bias Target Language Bias,Literal Free,Faithful Idiomatic,Semantic/Communicative,Conclusion:ST combines the advantages of word-for-word,literal,faithful translation;while CT combines the advantages of adaption,free and idiomatic translation.It can be counted as the most desired translation method.,Comparison of CT&ST,Transmitter/addressee focus,Relation to ST,Use of form of SL,Form of TL,Appropriateness,Transmitter/addressee focus,ST:Focus on the thought processes of the transmitter as an individual;should only help TT reader with connotations if they are a crucial part of message;,CT:Subjective,TT reader focused,oriented towards an specific language and culture.,Relation to Source Text,ST:Always inferior to ST;loss of meaning.,CT:May be better than the ST;gain of force and clarity even if loss of semantic content.,Use of form of SL,ST:If ST language norms deviate,then this must be replicated in TT;loyalty to ST author.,CT:Respect for the form of the SL,but overriding loyalty to TL norms.,Form of Target Language,ST:more complex,more awkward,more detailed,more concentrated,it tends to overtranslate,CT:smoother,simpler,clearer,more direct,more conventional,conforming to a particular register of language,tending to undertranslate,Appropriateness,ST:for serious literature,autobiography,personal effusion,any important political(or other)statement.,CT:for the vast majority of texts,e.g.non-literary writing,technical and informative texts,publicity,standardized types,popular fiction.,Text Types,Expressive texts,Informative texts,Vocative texts,Wet paint!,A,：湿油漆！（,ST,）,B,：油漆未干，请勿触摸！（,CT,）,西游记,A,：,Journey,to the West,（,ST,）,B,：,Pilgrimage,to the West,（,CT,）,“谋事在人，成事在天”,A:Man proposes,Heaven,disposes.(ST),B:Man proposes,God,disposes.(CT),这是七月下旬，合中国旧历的三伏，一年最热的时候。

Chien Chung-shu,2010:1),It was toward the end of July,equivalent to the“san-fu”period of the lunar calendar the hottest days of the year.(Kelly and Mao,2003:1),Through the Looking-Glass,爱丽丝镜中奇遇记,“,Feather,I say!”“Why do you say Feather so often?”Alice asked at last,rather vexed.“Im not a bird!”“You are,”said the sheep:“you are a little goose”,CT:“,撇桨,呀，我说！”阿丽思有点儿觉得她频气了，她就说，“你干嘛老说,别讲,啊？我也没讲啊！”“什么,没桨,！”那绵羊说，“你手里摇的是什么，你简直是个笨猪赵元任,),ST:“,我说，羽毛！”“为什么你老是说羽毛？”爱丽丝觉得烦了，终于问道，“我又不是禽鸟！”“你是禽鸟，”绵羊说，“你是只小鹅王永年,),父亲是,前清举人,，在本乡江南一个小县里做大绅士。

His father had passed,the second-degree examination under Manchu rule,and was a prominent squire in his native district south of the Yangtze.(Kelly and Mao,2003:8),Note:The traditional Chinese civil examination system offered three academic degrees,which were conducted at three different levels-the country(or prefecture),the province,and the national capital.Successful candidates at these three levels were known respectively as hsiu-ts ai,chu-jen,and chin-shih.(Kelly and Mao,2003:353),（,CT+ST,）,Similarities between CT&ST,“A translation can be more,or less,semanticmore,or less,communicative even a particular section or sentence can be treated more communicatively or semantically.”,（,Peter Newmark,2001:40,）,Similarities between CT&ST,Both CT&ST are rooted in cognitive translation.,CT and ST are both suitabl。