牛津英语初中定语从句.doc

精锐教育学科教师讲义教学目标：教学内容Step One: Lead-in Brief review of the last lesson and help solve problems the student had during the last week.Step Two:专项讲解（一） 定语从句相关概念1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 where, when, why 等1）关系代词引导的定语从句1） who 指人，在从句中做主语，不能省略例：(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2）whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略例：(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy (whom )I want to see.注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。

例：The man( who/whom) you met just now is my friend.3） which 指物时，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略例：(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4） that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做主语时不能省略，做宾语时可省略例：(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(2) Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 注: 当关系代词做介词的宾语，而介词又提前时，不能省略，此时不能用 that /who，只能用 whom /which（见后） 5) whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，不能省略例：(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指人时，常用 “名词 + of whom ”结构来代替, 前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数词(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (6) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.Whose指物时，常用“名词 + of which ”结构代替，前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数词(1)He’s written a book the name of which/whose name I’ve completely forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我全给忘了。

2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.6)在非限制性定语从句中，不定代词all,both, each, enough, few, half, little, many, most, meither, none, several some 等常和of whom 或of which连用例：(1)They have four children, all of which are studying music.他们有四个孩子，都学音乐2)He gave several reasons, few of them which were valid.他给出几个理由，几乎都站不住脚这一结构也可与表示数量的的词语如 majority，a number， one third 等及最高级形容词连用例：There were twenty pupils in her class, the youngest of whom was twelve. 她班里有20个学生，年纪最小的12岁当数字用于这一结构的时候，可以视情况将数字放在of whom 或of which 的前面，也可放在其后面例：(1)I’m taking four courses,one of which is accounting.我选四门课，其中一门是会计学。

2)Altoghter 1,200 people were prosecuted, 1,012 of whom were convicted. 共有1，200人受到起诉，其中1，012人被判有罪7）as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语①先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句They are such lovely children that we love them much.（定语从句）The British people are such reserve ones that they don’t always touch others when making new acquaintance.(结果状语从句)②the same … that … 引导定语从句I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（定语从句）（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。

区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.（1） when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语例：(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.（2） where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语例：(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born .(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down .（3）why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语, 引导词为 reason(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today在reason后有时也可用that从句，或者什么也不用例：The reason that we gave up the plan was the cost would be too high.我们放弃这计划的原因是成本太高。

That’s the reason I’m checking it now.那就是我要检查它的理由注：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. A: 限制性定语从句                               B：非限制性定语从句 形式上： A: 不用逗号和主句隔开                B：用逗号和主句隔开意义上： A: 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除    B：对先行词的补充说明删除后意思仍完整 （译法上： A: 翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”   B：通常翻译成主句的并列句）关系词的使用上： 限制性定语从句: 非限制性定语从句:(1)关系代词做宾语时可省略 (1)关系代词不可省  (2)可用 that  (2)不用 that   (3)可用 who 代替 whom (3)不用 who 代替 whom 限制性定语从句举例： The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。