仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage4-203ENROUTECHARTS课件.ppt

ENROUTEEnroute and Area ChartsEnroute Chartsn nLow Altitude Enroute Chartsn nBelow 18,000MSLn nVictor Airwaysn nLarger Scale/Smaller Arean nHigh Altitude Enroute Chartsn n18,000MSL up to FL450n nJet Routesn nSmaller Scale/Larger AreaLow Altitude vs.Sectional Chartsn nAn IFR enroute chart does not shown ntopography featuresn ncontour linesn nobstruction heightsn nroads,cities,townsn nHas airports,large bodies of water,and airway information necessary for IFR navigation you navigate by reference to instruments not pilotage.IFR Low Altitude En Route Chart“L-Charts”nEffective dates,and Scale are printed on map.nThe en route charts are revised every 56 days.Chart ScalenEffective dates,and Scale are printed on map.nThe en route charts are revised every 56 days.Chart Location PanelFront PanelnCitiesn nin black when an area chart exists otherwise,greenn n(Exception:Phoenix has area chart,but(Exception:Phoenix has area chart,but FAA has not updated the front panel of the FAA has not updated the front panel of the enroute chart to reflect the change)enroute chart to reflect the change)nTime ZonesnChart Legendsn nUse them!NAVAID BlocksnNow well look at some selected NAVAID symbols and identify some of the characteristics of each NAVAID selected.Compass Rose oriented to magnetic NorthVHF/UHF in Black LF/MF in BrownVOR VORTACVOR/DMETACANLow/Medium frequency NDBUltra High Frequency NDBNDB/DMECompass Locator BeaconFlight Service Station/(RCO)Localizer Symbol,if X-hatch left,backcourseL-28,Panel ELow/Medium frequency NDBLocalizer used for an en-route navigation fixCompass Locator Beacon(LOM)VOR VORTACComparison of Jepp&NACONACOVictor Airwaysn nVictor Airways include the airspace extending from 1,200 feet AGL up to,but not including 18,000 feet MSL.n nCourses are magnetic,distances are in NM.n n“V”stands for VHFn nconnects VOR,VORTAC,VOR/DMEn nNumberingn nEven is east/westn nOdd is north/southn nShared airways:all numbers shown8 nm width EXCEPT.widens to 4.5 degrees when airway segment is more than 102 NM(more than 51 NM to nearest VOR)V287-495-500 Confluence of airwaysV520(even)oriented east/westVictor Airway V23V165(odd)oriented north/southReporting PointsnCompulsory Reporting Points are reporting points which must be reported to ATC.Designated on charts by solid triangles or filed in a flight plan as fixes selected to define direct routes.These points are defined as geographical locations which are defined by navigation aids/fixes.n nReporting Points are geographical locations in relation to which the position of an aircraft is reported.L-1,Panel DCompulsory reporting pointNon-compulsory reporting pointHolding PatternNavAid radials and bearingsTotal Mileagein boxLeg Mileage(not in box)DME Fixopen arrowComputer Nav Fix/mileage break indicates a change in courseDME MileageOverall Mileage(Military)Direction of flight(Canada only)VOR Changeover point-COPDME distance from NavAid to fixCOPTotal MileageLeg MileageL-28,Panels E,FAirway SymbologynSegment mileage/Navaid mileagenMileage break pointn nmarked by a small“x”n ncourse changes directionn nno intersection is designatedIntersections and DMEnIntersectionsn ntrianglen n5 letter namesn nAn intersection defined by DME is shown by an open arrow with bordered“D”n nif its the first intersection,then just an arrow-same as leg distance Jepp vs NacoMEAL-28,Panel FMinimum Enroute Altitude(MEA)nLowest published altitude between radio fixes that guarantees:n n 1)obstruction clearance:n n2,000 for mountainousn n1,000 for non-mountainousn n2)adequate navigation signal reception n nMEA Gap can be up to 65 nmn nOnly guarantees obstruction clearanceMOCAOROCAMinimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude(MOCA)n nAsterisk precedes the altituden nEnsures reliable navigational signal coverage only within 22nm of facilityn ngenerally is used as an emergency altitude but generally is used as an emergency altitude but ATC may assign if within 22 NMATC may assign if within 22 NMn nmeets obstacle clearance requirements for the meets obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segmententire route segmentOff-Airway Navigationn nYou are responsible for own minimum altitude(14 CFR Part 91.177)(14 CFR Part 91.177)n n1,000 above highest obstacle within 4nm of your intended coursen n2,000 for mountainous areas(see AIM 5-6-5)(see AIM 5-6-5)n nConsider standard service volumesnOROCA(Off Route Obstruction Clearance(Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude)-Altitude)-similar to MEFs(max elevation figures)(max elevation figures)except safe altitude includes standard IFR obstruction clearancen nGrid AltitudesGrid AltitudesMaximum Authorized Altitude-MAAnnA published altitude representing the maximum usable altitude for a route segment.nAt higher altitudes it might be possible to receive two or more VORs simultaneously on the same frequency,making the signals unreliable for navigation.The MAA is the highest altitude that can be flown that guarantees that only one signal at a time will be received on a given freq。