专题九动词的被动语态.doc

真诚为您提供优质参考资料，若有不当之处，请指正专题九 动词的被动语态 一．定义：主语是动作的承受者二．基本构成：be +过去分词 (及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词)注：be的4种变化（现在式am/is/are，过去式was/were，现在分词being，过去分词been）三．各种时态的主动,被动语态的结构时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时Vs / Ves/V；am/is/aream/is/are +过去分词一般过去时Vd / Ved/ went；was/werewas/were +过去分词一般将来时will/shall + Vam/is/are + going to +Vwill/shall + be +过去分词am/is/are + going to + be +过去分词过去将来时would + Vwas /were + going to +Vwould + be + 过去分词was/were + going to + be +过去分词现在进行时am/is/are + Vingam/is/are + being +过去分词过去进行时was/were + Vingwas/were + being +过去分词现在完成时have/has + 过去分词have/has + been +过去分词过去完成时had + 过去分词had + been+过去分词含情态动词can/may/must/should/could/might + Vcan/may/must/should/could/might + be +过去分词四．主动语态和被动语态的转换特点：主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语；主动语态中的主语变为by +主语(宾格代词)主动语态被动语态主语 + 谓语 + 宾语He wrote it.He took good care of it.宾语(主格代词) + 谓语(被动形式) + by +主语(宾格代词)It was written by him.It was taken good care of by him. (短语动词)主语 + 谓语 + 间宾 + 直宾He gave me the book.He bought me the book.间宾(主格代词) + 谓语(被动形式) + 直宾 + by +主语(宾格代词)直宾 + 谓语(被动形式) + to sb./for sb. + by +主语(宾格代词)I was given the book by him. The book was given to me by him.I was bought the book by him. The book was bought for me by him.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补He asked me to read the book.宾语(主格代词) + 谓语(被动形式) + 宾补 + by +主语(宾格代词)I was asked to read the book by him. 五．谓语动词为使役动词：make或感官动词：see, observe, notice, hear—— 主动句中用不带to的动词充当宾补，变为被动句时，应带to He made me laugh. I was made to laugh by him.He heard me play the piano. I was heard to play the piano by him.六．含被动语态常见句型结构1．It’s said /reported/believed/expected that +句子（据说/据报道/据信/预计…）2．be supposed to V (a.被认为… b.应该…)3．get/have sth. + 过去分词七．主动形式表示被动意义的情况 (特点：物做主语)1．感官型系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel + adj2．表行为的不及物动词：open, close/shut, lock, write, read, cut, peel, wash, clean, burn, drive, dry, wear, pick等3．表“需要”的词：want/need/ require + doing = want/need/ require + to be done4．表“值得”的词：be worth + doing八．不用被动语态的情况：1.当宾语是相互代词，反身代词，不定式，动名词 2.当谓语动词是表状态的及物动词九．被动语态和系表结构的区分被动语态：表示动作 系表结构：表示主语的特点，状态或性质（可用too, very, so等程度副词修饰）The gate to the garden was closed by a girl. The gate to the garden was closed at that time.The house will soon be finished. I will be finished by six.I am very surprised at your words. She was so tired that she couldn’t move one step further.He is dressed in a black suit. He is married to Helen. He is lost in the woods. / 单项选择1．— Look! What a nice garden!—Yes. It _________ every day.A. is cleaned B. has been cleaned C. is being cleaned D. was cleaned2．The telephone __________ by Bell in 1875.A. invent B. invents C. was inventing D. was invented3．— There is a lot of wind in North China. — Well, more trees _________ every year to stop the wind.A. must be planted B. can planted C. can plant D. should planted4．The house __________，so I can’t move into it.A. was painted B. is painted C. is being painted D. is painting5．An accident ___________ on this road last night.A. has happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened6aaae and sit down by the fire. Your hand ________very cold.A. feels B. is felt C. has felt D. has been felt7． We are not sure if it ____tomorrow. If it _____, our sports meeting ____.A. will rain; rains；will put off B. rains; will rain; will put off C. will rain; rains; will be put off D. rains, rains; will be put off8．— We want to sit at the table near the window. — I’m sorry, but it _________ already. A. has taken B. took C. was taken D. has been taken9．The film is really worth __________. A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. to seen10．It ________ that Jay Zhou ________ a concert in Beijing next month. A. reports; hold B. reported; hold C. is reported; will hold D. is reported; held11．Everything in this room wants __________. A. to be wash B. to wash C. to washed D. washing12．—My watch__________. —Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost and Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped13．These days many children are made ________ what they are not _________.A. to do; interested in B. to do; interested C. do; interested D. do; interested in 14．Chongqing is really a modern city now! Many tall buildings _________ everywhere.A. can’t be seen B. can see C. can’t see D. can be seen15．My cat will _________ by my friend when I’m away next month.A. be take care B. being taken care C. be taken care of D. being taken care of16．— Waiter, I’d l。